高一英语下册第三单元教案2

高一英语下册第三单元教案2高一英语下册第三单元教案2Thegrammaritemsinthisunitdealwithobjectcomplements,either...or...andneither...nor...,andsubject-verbagreement.We’lllearnwhatanobjectcomplementis,thebasicpatterninwhichitalwaysoccursandwhatcanbeusedasanobjectcomplement.Asforthephraseseither...or...andneither...nor...,youareexpectedtouseeither...or...asoneofthesentenceelementstoexpresstheideaofalternatives,andneither...nor...tojointwonegativeideastogether.Subject-verbagreementexplainssomerulesofusingcorrectsingularorpluralverbsafterthesubject.Step1:ObjectComplementLet’sreadParts1-5onpage48.Trytounderstandeachpointandreadtheinformationinthetipbox.Theobjectcomplementgivesmoreinformationabouttheobject.TheycalledtheyoungmanGreatHero.objectobjectcomplementAnobjectcomplementalwaysoccursinthispattern:verb+object+objectcomplement.Theobjectcomplementcanoftenbeanounphraseoranadjective.e.g.TheymadeWuTongmonitoroftheirclass.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanallthetime.Sometimesato-infinitiveorbareinfinitivecanbeanobjectcomplement.e.g.I’dlikeallofyoutoworkstillharder.Willyouletusplayballgamesafterwefinishourexercises?Anobjectcomplementcanbeaprepositionalphrase.e.g.Ifyoukeepthenewdressinhotwater,thecolorswillrun.Anobjectcomplementcanalsobeapresentparticiplephraseorapastparticiplephrase.e.g.Themostexcitingthingfortheoldmanwastowatchthechildrenplayinginthegarden.Theytoldmetohavemycarrepairedassoonaspossible.Anobjectcomplementusuallyagreeswiththeobjectinnumber.Afterthatpeoplecalledtheboyalittlehero.PleasegothroughLostcivilizationsagainandfindasmanysentenceswithanobjectcomplementasyoucan.Forexample,Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedunderthesand,togetherwithalotoftreasures,suchascoins,paintedpots,silkmaterials,documentsandwallpaintings.(remainsofbuildingsistheobject,andburiedunderthesandistheobjectcomplement,whichgivesinformationaboutthesituationoftheobject.)Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting.(theruinsistheobject,andinterestingistheobjectcomplement,whichgivesinformationabouttheobject.)Nowlet'sreadthenextexcerptfromAnn'sdiaryentryonpage48anduseproperobjectcomplementstocompleteit.Trytounderstandwhatthesephrasesintheboxmean.PleasedoClonpage108inyourWorkbooktopractisewhatyouhavelearntinthispart.Step2:Either...or...andneither…nor...Herewewilllearnhowtouseeither...or...andneither...nor...Andwewillpractiseusingthetwophrasesinanexercise.SupposewehaveoneticketfortheconcertonSunday;bothmyfriends,DavidandHelen,wanttogo.So,eitherDavidorHelencanhavetheticket.Theyquarrelledwitheachotherovertheticket.Finally,IdecidedthatneitherDavidnorHelenshouldhavetheticket.WewillallstayathomeonSundayandwatchtheconcertonTVinstead.(either...or...isusedtoexpresstheideaofalternatives;neither...nor...canbeusedtojointwonegativeideastogether,theoppositeofwhichisboth...and...)Let’sgooverPart1onpage49.Firstreadthesentencescarefullyandpayattentiontothefunctionofeither...or...You’vegottounderstandtheinstructionsandsentencesinthispartandpayattentionthateither...or...canconnectthecoordinatesubject,verb,objectandadverbialinsentences.Let’sreadthesentencesinPart2onpage49carefullyandpointoutthesentenceelementofneither...nor...ineachsentence.Readtheexampleandtheexerciseonpage49carefully.Ifyoucanfindouthowtorewritethehighlightedsentences,youcanworkinpairstodotherestoftheexercise.IwouldliketoseewhetheryoufullyunderstandPoints1and2.Step2:Subject-verbagreementSubject-verbagreementmeanschoosingthecorrectsingularorpluralverbafterthesubjectinasentence.Herearesomepointstohelpusdecideiftheverbissingularorplural.Iwillshowyousomesentencesasfollows.Pleasedecidewhichverbformcanbeusedtofillintheblanksineachsentence. (have)yourclassmatesfinishedtheirhomework?(Have)MyfriendandI (want)toplayoutsideafterwatchingTV.(want)Mostofthestudents(prefer)Englishtomathematics.(prefer) (have)allofthecakebeeneatenup?(Has)Collectingstamps(be)oneofhisfavouritepastimes.(is) (be)yourfamilyabigone?(Is)Allmyfamily(get)upearlyinthemorning.(get)Neitherhisfathernorhismother (play)thepiano.(plays)Theremainsoftheoldcastle (be)destroyedinWorldWarII.(were)NotonlyJimbutalsohisparents (be)goingtoseeyounextSunday.(are)NotonlyJim'sparentsbutalsoJim (be)goingtoseeyounextSunday.(is)ReadPartAonpage51.ItisanotherofAnn'sdiaryentries.Readthearticleandchoosethecorrectverbforms.ThengothroughPartBonpage51.Itisaletterinalocalnewspaper.Readtheletterandfinishtheexerciseindividually,usingthecorrectformsofthegivenverbs.ResourcesObjectComplementThefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyanobjectandanounoranounphraseasanobjectcomplement:name,call,choose,elect,make…e.g.WeelectedJohnchairmanofourclubaftertheformeroneretired.Whenwewereworkingonthefarm,weallcallIronOx.Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyanobjectandanadjectiveasanobjectcomplement:make,get,keep,find,consider,…e.g.Thoughhedidnotmeantohurther,yethisjokedidmakeherangry.Aftermanyyearsofhardwork,hefounditimpossibletocarryonwithhisexperiments.Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyato-infinitiveasanobjectcomplement:ask,tell,beg,invite,order,advise,warn,want,get,wish,expect,persuade,allow,permit,forbid,help,…e.g.Sheaskedmetoanswerthequestionatonce.Theteacherdidnotallowustotalktoeachotherinclass.Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyabareinfinitiveasanobjectcomplement:have,make,let,help,see,hear,watch,notice,find,observe,lookat,listentoe.g.Inthatfactory,thebossalwayshashisworkersworkmorethanfifteenhoursaday.Iheardhimsayso.Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyapresentparticipleasanobjectcomplement:have,keep,get,feel,see,hear,watch,find,notice,observe,…e.g.Ihadthemalllaughingatmyjokes.Icanhearsomeoneknocking.Thefollowingverbsareoftenfollowedbyapastparticipleasanobjectcomplement:have,make,get,seefeel,hear,watch,find,e.g.WhenyouspeakEnglishyoushouldtryyourbesttomakeyourselfunderstood.Iwassurprisedtofindmyroomthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.either.•・or…”neither.•・nor•…Youmustpayattentionthateither...or...,neither…nor”canconnectthecoordinatesubject,verb,objectandadverbialinsentences.1.ConnectingthecoordinatesubjectsEitheryourmotheroryourfather,orbothyourparentscancomewithyou.EitherTimorhisbrothershavetowaterthetreeseveryotherday.NeitheryourauntnorIhaveanyotherthoughtbutwhatisthebestforyou?Neitherhisdaughternorhissonwouldlistentohissuggestions.Connectingthecoordinateobjects:Atschoolwemayhaveeitherriceornoodlesforsuppereveryday.Youmaychooseeitherphysicsorchemistryasyourmajor.Theyhaveneithersteamheatnorrunningwater.Iwon’ttakeatripforIhaveneitherthetimenormoney.Connectingthecoordinatepredicatesorpredicatives:“Eithergototheconcertorstayathome.Don’tgoanywhereelse,”fathershouted.Thebooksthereareeitherbooksontravelordetectivenovels.Thatisneithermyfaultnorhis.Hewasneitherclevernorstupid,butgoodenoughathiswork.Onethirdofthemencouldneitherreadnorwrite.Connectingthecoordinateadverbialsorattributes:Wearegoingtoreturntoourhometowneithertodayortomorrow.Youmaytakeeithertheblueorthegreenone.Thetwomenwalkedveryfast,lookingneithertotherightnortotheleftPaulcameattherighttime,neithertooearlynortoolate.Connectingthecoordinateclauses:Eitheryoumustimproveyourwork,orIwilldismissyou.Eitheryoucutitout,orweshallhavetowashourhandsofthewholebusiness.Forreference AgreementIgotaholdofsomebadporkchopstheotherday,andtheydidn'tagreewithme.Stomachachesaren'tverypleasant.Don'tyouagree?Weallknowthesemeaningsof"agree,"butwhenwetalkaboutsubject-verbagreement,we'retalkingaboutsomethingdifferent:matchingsubjectsandverbsaccordingtonumber.Thatis,whenyouhaveasingularsubject,youhavetomatchitwithasingularverbform:Theboyplays.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700.Whenyouhaveapluralsubject,youmusthaveapluralverbform:Theboysplay.MaryandKellylookalike.Inshort,withsimplesentences,youshouldhavenoproblemwithagreement.Youknowwheretheproblemliesinthesentence:Theboysplays.Whenit'swrong,itjustsoundsfunny.However,therearefourpotentialproblemspotsthatyouneedtowatchcarefully:stuffinbetweenthesubjectandverbreversedsentenceorder"-body,""-one,"and"-thing"words"who,""which,"and"that"StuffinbetweensubjectsandverbsThestuffhereisusuallyaprepositionalphrasethatseparatesthesubjectfromtheverb.Rememberhowwecrossedoutprepositionalphrasesinordertofindthesubject?Dothesamethingifyou'rehavingproblemswithagreement.Now,lookatthefollowingsentenceanddecidewhat'swrongwithit:Thedishesinthekitchenisdirty.Goodguess!Thesubjectandtheverbdon'tagree.What'stheprobablecausefortheproblem?Kitchen(asingularnoun)isrightinfrontofis(asingularverb).Ifkitchenwerethesubject,thatwouldbeokay.But,it'snot.Crossouttheprepositionalphraseandyou'releftwith:Thedishesinthekitchenisdirty."Thedishes...isdirty?"soundswrong,doesn'tit?Thesubjectisplural,buttheverbissingular.Theydon'tagree.Thecorrectversionis:Thedishesinthekitchenaredirty.Onceyouknowhowtolookforthisproblem,itshouldn'tbetoohardtogetridofitwhenyouproofreadyourpaper.ReversedsentenceorderThenormalpatternforEnglishsentencesissubject-verb.However,thereareafewsituationswherethisorderisreversed(likethissentence):•Therearesnacksonthelaundry-roomtable.Wherearethey?Onthetablearethegoodies!Seehowthesubjectcomesaftertheverbineachofthese?Ifyoucanrememberhowtolocatesubjectsandverbs,youshouldn'tblunderintomistakeswhenwritingreversed-ordersentences."-body,""-one,"and"-thing"wordsThecorrecttermforthesewordsisindefinitepronouns,butifyourememberthemas"-body,""-one,"and"-thing"words,you'llprobablybeabletospotthemmoreeasily.Youonlyneedtoknowonething:ifawordhasoneoftheseendings(likeeverybody,everyone,anyone,anything,etc.),itisalwayssingular!Youcanalsoincludeeach,either,andneitherinthisgroup.Lookatthefollowing:Everyoneisgoingonapicnic.Eachoftheboysistakinghisownlunch.Ifanyonedropssomethingtoeat,I'llgrabitbeforehecanpickitup.Youshouldn'thaveproblemswiththeseifyousimplymemorizetheendingsofwordsthatarealwayssingular.NOTE:Wesaidthateitherandneitherarealwayssingular;however,ifyouhavetwosubjectsinaneither...ororneither...norconstruction,gettingtheagreementrightmaygiveyoufits.Togetitright,justlocatethesubjectclosesttotheverbandmaketheverbagreewithit:EitherthemailmanortheconstructionworkersarecausingPeggytobarklikecrazy.Neitherthedogsdownthestreetnortheonenextdoorpaysanyattention.

Comparethiswiththefollowing:EithertheconstructionworkersorthemailmaniscausingPeggytobarklikecrazy.Neithertheonenextdoornorthedogsdownthestreetpayanyattention.Agreement,inthiscase,dependsontheplacementofthesubject."Who,""which,"and"that"Rememberdependentclauses?Theyhaveasubjectandaverb,buttheycan'tstandalone.That'swhatwe'redealingwithhere,butwithalittlesomethingextra.Nowwe'vegottoconsiderpronouns.Apronounisawordthattakestheplaceofanounthatcomesbeforeit,usuallyinthesameclauseoroneveryclosetoit.Peggyisatroublemaker.Shebitesmyearsandstealsmyfood"Who,""which,"and"that"arepronouns.Whentheytaketheplaceofasingularnoun,theyaresingular;whentheytaketheplaceofapluralnoun,theyareplural.Thisisimportanttorememberwhentheyarethesubjectofaclause.Comparethefollowingsentences:BigDogisoneofthoseanimalswhoareveryintelligent.BigDogisananimalwhoisveryintelligent.Inboth,whoisthesubjectofadependentclause.Innumber1,ittakestheplaceofanimals(apluralform).That'swhy"are"isthecorrectverbchoice.Innumber2,whotakestheplaceofanimal(asingularform),andthat'swhy"is"iscorrect.Thismayseemabitconfusingatfirst,butthere'sawaytogetitrighteverytime.Ifyoufind"who,""which,"or"that"introducingadependentclause(likeintheexamplesabove):Lookatthewordrightinfrontofit(usuallythat'sthewordittakestheplaceof).Decideifthewordissingularorplural(thatwilltellyouwhether"who,""which,"or"that"issingularorplural).Maketheverbagree!That'sallthereistoit!SomethingMoreaboutAgreement主谓一致应注意的若干问题1.名词作主语。1)某些集体名词如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。Thecrowdwereruningfortheirlives.Myfamilyisgoingoutforatrip.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.这类词常有audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。Population和“我group(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。2)某些集体名词如people,police,cattle,oxen谓语动词用复数。3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。Myuncle'sisnotfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有thebaker's,thebarbar's,theZhang's等。表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardson'shavealotofoldgoodstosell.5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirtyyearshaspassed.Fiveminutesisenoughtofinishthetask.6）不定代词each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary.7）如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudenthasseentheplay.Manyaboyhasboughtthatkindoftoy.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语用复数。8）一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.9）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind（这种书），其谓语动词；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen（口语）（这一类人），但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskind/sortaredangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means,works,species（种类），Chinese,Japanese等。当它们的前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。11）如果名词词组中心词是all,most,half,rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。Allofmystudentsworkhard.Alloftheoilisgone.12）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsanoilpainting.2.由连接词连接的名词作主语。1）用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.2)当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。3)以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。3．代词作主语。1)名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)isagreatParty.Yourshoesarewhite,mine(=myshoes)areblack.2)such、thesame起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Suchisourplan.Sucharehislastwords.3)关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。4）疑问词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。5）不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowallhasbeenchanged.Allarepresent.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。Do（es）anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofushas（have）seenthefilm.4．分数、量词作主语。1）“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“尔lotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是

中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyflood.Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountryside.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)werestillonthetable.2)agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；largeamountsof修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。3)表示数量的3)表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.4)halfof,(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。5．名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the+形容词(或分词)”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如theunknown、thebeautiful等。6.从句作主语。1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。Whatweneedismoremoney.Whatweneedaremorepeople/teachers.2）在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如one前有theonly则用单数形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentoldbymyfather.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforclasstoday.7.不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式;Therebe句型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。Thereisabook,twopensonthedesk.Therearetwopens,abookonthedesk.Exercisesfor-consolidation MultiplechoiceTheengineerandmanagerreferredto todesignsomething.A.begoing B.aregoingC.belikely D.isgoingApplesofthiskind .A.tastesgoodB.tasteswelltastegood D.tastewellC.Themanagerorhissecretary togiveyouaninterview.A.is B.areC.wasTenthousanddollarsmoney.A.seemD.werealargesumofB.wereC.isBetweenthetwolibrary.A.isstandingC.standTheUnitedNationsA.wasfoundC.werefoundedD.arebuildingsourB.standing A.SmithsC.TheSmith8.Theold_country.A.isC.areD.stands in1945.B.wasfoundedD.werefoundwerealsoinvitedtotheparty.B.TheSmithsD.Mr.Smith takengoodcareofinourB.hasD.have9.Thenumberofteachersinourschool greatlyincreasedthisterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool fromthecountryside.A.is,isB.is,areC.are,are D.are,is10.Thestudentsinourclasseach anEnglishdictionary.B.hadA.arehavingB.hadC.hasthatnoseatwasC.wasD.haveC.hastha