精简非谓语动词考点归纳(caiwei)

高考英语语法复习

非谓语动词非谓语不定式（todo)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed

分词非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别

顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或利用一些“貌合神离”的手段，加大考生辨别非谓语动词的难度。一个句子通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现在主从复合或并列句中；一个句子也不可能无谓语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。例①

Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）

A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat

解析：

此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即Ａ或Ｂ项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与

sitting.D例②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.bought C.havebeenboughtD.buying解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ，boughtthroughacomputer为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语canbelowerthan。当然此题如改为Pricesofdailygoodswhichhavebeenboughtthrough…也是正确的，因为这一动作出现在从句中。B考点归纳一：非谓语动词的时态、语态形式不定式主动被动一般式todo完成式

进行式

分词主动被动一般式doing

完成式

过去分词只有一种形式：donetobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneTheywentthere________(visit)theirteacher.Thestudentspretended____________(do)theirhomeworkwhentheteachercamein.I’msorry____________(give)yousomuchtrouble._________________(notreceive)ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.Theystoodbytheroadside_________(talk)abouttheplan._________________(give)anemergencytreatment,thepatientwasoutofdanger.Theteacherenteredtheroom,__________(follow)bythestudents.tovisittobedoingtohavegivenNothavingreceivedtalkingHavingbeengivenfollowed

说明：

非谓语表示的动作

非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时发生在谓语表示的动作之前tododoing或

tobedoingtohavedone或havingdone不定式和分词的完成被动式则表示动作的完成和被动，及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)

考点归纳一：非谓语动词作主语

1.能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it

作形式主语放在句首。

1)

Smokingisprohibitedhere.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

3)Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.4)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.(抽象)(具体)1).Tomakeaplanfirstisagoodidea.=Itisagoodideatomakeaplanfirst.2).Ittakesthreehourstowalkthere.Note:

Whatapleasureitistoworkwiththem!Howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesand!Itispossibleforhimtomastertheartofspeaking.Itwascarelessofhimtobreakthecoffee

cup.=Hewascarelesstobreakthecoffeecup.2.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.

若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.1).It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohaveB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2).Infact_____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.itDD考点归纳二：非谓语动词作宾补和主补Walkingalongtheriver,weheardsomeone__________forhelp.A.shouting

B.shout

C.shouted

D.havingshouted2)Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething________.

A.tosteal

B.losing

C.missed

D.stolen3)Myteachertoldme_____socareless.A.notbeB.don’ttobeC.nottobeD.won’tbeADC4)Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmade

能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式，现在分词，过去分词，用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义。

B

Myadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：

ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等，表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作（具有“主动”的意义），而且不定式的动作多发生在句子的谓语动作之后（具有“将来”的意义）。D使役动词，感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel

以及lookat,listento等。

①

Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

B感官动词see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有三种形式，即：

doseesb./sth.doingdoneleavesb.doingsthleavesth.undoneleavesb.todosth.leavesthtobedone让某人一直做某事留下某事未做留下某人做某事留下某事要做（不定式表将来的动作）get…todo/doing/done3.有些动词如consider,prove,think,know,feel,suppose,discover,imagine,find

等也

可跟“宾语

+tobe”的形式，使用中应注意。

①

Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.

②

Weallknowhimtobedead.

③

We______Mr.Browntobeafinewriter.A.acceptB.receiveC.thinkD.regardC3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。①Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.

接不定式时，表示动作发生的全过程；接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；接过去分词时，表被动或完成。

④Ilookeddownatmyneckandfoundmynecklacegone.⑤Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchanged

somuch.

singsingingsung（状态）（完成）Exercise:①Theyshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained.

②Themissingboywerelastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplayDA③

InthedreamPetersawhimself_____byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenlywithastart.

A.chased B.tobechasedC.bechased D.havingbeenchased④Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.

A.waited B.towait C.waiting D.waitAC考点归纳三：非谓语动词作定语

不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词。

①Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperiment

surprisedus.

②Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.

③TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolive

in.不定式作定语的三种情况。1.have,therebe,with表示有某事要做之意，后面的名词常用不定式作定语。Haveyougotanythingtosay?Withnothingtodo,hewenthome.Thereisnothingforustothinkabout.2.以不定式做定语修饰含序数词的名词，有时序数词后的名词可以省略。Shewasthefirst/last(person)tothinkoftheidea.3.一些名词（right,chance,opportunity,plan,ability,plan,attempt,wish,desire等)常用不定式做定语。Inthepast,womenhadnorighttovote.

当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。1).I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything___________(take)toyourson?2).AreyougoingtoBeijing?Doyouhaveanything__________(take)toyourson?tobetakentotake2.现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系)

①Pleasetellthechildrenplaying

outsidenot

tomakesomuchnoise.②

Thefactorymaking

(=thatmakes)suchtoolsisasmallonerunbyTom.③Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.④

Barkingdogsseldombite.⑤

Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.（=…whoareplaying)3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed

过去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。

①

Someoftheexperiments____inthebookareeasytoperform.A.describingB.tobedescribedC.describedD.todescribe②ItissaidthatBeijingUniversitywasthefirstinstituteofhigherlearning_____inChina.A.establishedB.beingestablishedC.tobeestablishedD.havingbeenestablished

CAExercise:1).Thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_______thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover.2).Therehavebeenseveralnewevents_____totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added3).Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.beingrecordedADA

4).Hewasthelastone________(come)tomybirthdayparty,andsaidhehadnothingvaluable______(send)tome.5)—TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?

—_____.EvenTom_____tothetopstudentsfailedinit.

A.Yes;belongsB.No;belongedC.Yes;belongingD.No;belonging6).Thetravelplan____________(discuss)tomorrowisveryimportantforeachofthetourists.

Ctocometosendtobediscussed6).Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt7).Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe________murderlastnight.

A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted该题的谓语动词是attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语flowers。“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。BC考点归纳五：考查非谓语动词作宾语

不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。

1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：

want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。

Idon’twant______likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedA2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny...1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglostCB3.有些动词如start,continue后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别。但love,like,hate,prefer后接动名词表示经常性的行为；接不定式表示具体的行为。

1).Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.

A.swimming,swimming

B.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswim

D.toswim,swimmingC2).LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking但要注意:如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,

后面则应该接动词不定式。

I’dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.A4.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子的主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：

want、need、require等。1)Yourwatchneedsrepairing/toberepaired.2)Thewindowsneedpaintingagain/tobepaintedagain.5.1).Ifyouthinktreatingawomanwellmeansalways_____herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting2).Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____attheparty,butnot______.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleave

有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别。如forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try,goon,can’thelp等。

DC6.1).Ihavenochoicebut_______(accept)thefact.2).Isn’tittimeyougotdownto______thepapers?A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking3).Victorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable

介词后接动名词作宾语。DCtoaccept考点归纳六：非谓语动词作状语

能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：

He

hurried

home

only

to

find

his

money

stolen.

（结果状语）

To

make

himself

heard,

he

raised

his

voice.

（目的状语）

All

of

us

are

surprised

to

see

his

rapid

progress.

(原因状语)

不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语，在句末多作原因状语，结果状语。I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.Hewenthomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Afterthatdaytheywereseparated,nevertoseeeachotheragain.结果状语结果状语结果状语结果状语2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步：

1).Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.

（条件状语）

2).Coming

into

the

room,

he

found

his

father

angry.

（时间状语）

3).Being

tired,

they

went

on

working.

4).Having

been

hit

by

the

big

boy

on

the

nose,

the

little

boy

began

to

cry.

5).He

put

a

finger

in

his

mouth,

tasted

it

and

smiled,

looking

rather

pleased.

（让步状语）（原因状语）（伴随状语）3.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题1).When_______(heat)，waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。

1)

Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hebeinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.

关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题，在试题中可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。

FTT(Trueorfalse)Writteninahurry,______________.Howcanitbesatisfactory?A.theyfoundmanymistakesinthereportB.SammadelotsofmistakesinthereportC.thereareplentyofmistakesinthereportD.thereportisfullofmistakes试题分析：这时一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路——哪个句子的主语能够同过去分词written的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个思路向前走，不难想到thereportwaswritteninahurry,试题的答案不言自明。D3)._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven4).HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohope D.hopegiven作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于considering。注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的toget…。BA4.现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别

1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.

A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake

2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果

AA5.过去分词做状语只有非谓语与谓语是很鲜明的先后关系时才可以用,如：Havingbeenfinished,hishomeworkwassenttohisteachertobecorrected.

如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可。如：Guidedbytheguide,hefoundtheplaceeasily.Scoldedbytheteacher,hefeltverydepressed.一些及物动词常用它们的过去分词作表语、状语、定语、补足语等，表示伴随或状态：belost,behidden,beseated,bedressedin,befacedwith,bedeterminedtodo,bedevotedto,beinterestedin,…_____(lose)inthought,healmostranintothetree.Hewasstill________(devote)tothestudyofchemistry.Ilefthim,___________(determine)nevertosetfootinthathouseagain.HefoundIrene______(seat)atthepianowithherhandsarrestedonthekeys.Lostdevoteddeterminedseated_____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed2._____withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing3.Facedwithabillfor£10,000,_______.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn4.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,______.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhaustedACAB1)._____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making2).Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totoldC.toldD.telling3).Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedCAD4).______intouseinApril2002,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput5)._______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanycountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparatedAC考点归纳七：非谓语动词作表语

能作表语的有不定式、动名词和分词。

1).Itremains______whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.(2006浙江）

A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2)Tomsoundsverymuch____inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedlyBAdelighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的

考点归纳八：连词之后加分词

分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since,when,while,if,unless,though,although,evenif,eventhough,whenever,nomatterhow,once,until

等之后，可以看作是状语从句中的省略现象。1).Nomatterhowfrequently_____,theworksofBeethovenwillstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.A.performedB.performin