阅读理解专项突破 意图、观点和态度题学案-高考英语专题复习

高考英语阅读理解专项突破——意图、观点和态度题Class:NO.Name:作者的某种观点和态度有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现，有的则需要通读全文，把握主旨才能领会。此类题可细分为作者态度题（表明作者的好恶）和作者观点题（表明作者对某事物的观点）。1.做题时千万不要把自己的态度糅入其中。同时要区分是作者的态度还是作者引用他人的态度。2.作者的态度一般与文章主旨有很大关系。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了主题思想和主要事实后，方能作出判断。3.根据文章中与问题相关的细节作出判断，根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点。4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者的语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。在许多文体当中，如议论文、记叙文、说明文等，作者都会有自己的观点、态度和感情，但是隐蔽得较深，不易察觉。有时候作者的语气好像是在客观地对某一事物进行描写，然而总会有几处地方，几个关键性的词流露出作者的态度、感情色彩。如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtfully等。2020全国Ⅰ卷C，312词，难度★★Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.“It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,”saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.“Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,”shesays,“Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.”“However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,”Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.“Asaresult,”shesays,“someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,”shesays.Ittakessomepractice.()1.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.()2.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.()3.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.()4.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.答案：C【从第二段第三句可知答案】根据文章第二段Butthesport’srulesrequirethat...atalltimes.可知，竞走运动要求运动员大部分时候膝盖要保持笔直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员需要遵守一些特殊的规则。故正确答案为C项。答案：D【从最后一段最后一句可知答案】根据文章最后一段第一句可知，竞走相比较跑步对膝盖造成的损伤较小。故正确答案为D项。答案：A【从最后一段倒数第二句可知答案】根据最后一段中Infact,anyonewishingtotry...learnpropertechnique可知，Dr.Norberg建议尝试竞走的人要向教练或有经验的竞走者进行咨询。故正确答案为A项。答案：B【解析】本文主要介绍了竞走这项运动的优点和不足，全文描述事实时多引用他人的观点。由此可推测，作者对竞走持客观的态度。故正确答案为B项。练习Ifyouthinkofthejobsthatrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsandteachersontopofthelist.It’seasytoimaginerobotsandfactoryworkers.Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?Insomecases,theyalreadydobetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(诊断)illness.Also,somepatientsmightfeelmorecomfortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldomthinksso.Heevenhasadatefortherobottakeover(接管)oftheclassroom:2027.Heforecaststhatrobotswilldothemainjobofdisseminatingknowledgeandteacherswillbelikehelpers.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents’faces,movementsandevenbrainsignals.Thentheywillpasstheinformationontoeachstudentinthewayheorshecanunderstand.However,it’snotapopularopinion.Mostpeoplethinkit’simpossiblethatrobotswillhavetheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumanslikeanotherhumancan.Onethingiscertain,though.Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’tenoughteachersand9%-16%ofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobotsbecausetheownerscanteachanywhere.Beingateacherisadifficultjobandteachersoftenfeeltiredfromtoomuchwork.Perhapsthequestionisnot“Willrobotsreplaceteachers?”but“Howcan’trobotshelpteachers?”Teachersspendalotoftimedoingnon-teachingwork,includingmorethan1houraweekmarkinghomework.Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobthathumansshoulddo.()1.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtoshowinthefirstparagraph?A.Robotscandocreativework. B.Robotsworkbetterthanhumans.C.Robotswillreplacedoctorssoon. D.Robotscandomorejobsthanimagined.()2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disseminating”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Storing. B.Spreading. C.Analyzing. D.Replacing.()3.Whichwordbestdescribesthepublic’sattitudetoAnthonySeldom’sforecast?A.Unacceptable. B.Uncreative. C.Unconcerned. D.Unchangeable.()4.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Whatrobotsareneverabletodo. B.Whattheweaknessesofrobotsare.C.Whetherrobotswillevolvebythemselves.D.Whetherrobotswillcompletelyreplacehumanteachers.【翻译练习】请从文章中找到下面句子，并将其翻译成中文。1.[P1]Butareweunderestimatingwhatrobotscando?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.[P3]Intelligentrobotswillread…andevenbrainsignals.Thentheywillpasstheinformation…heorshecanunderstand.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.[P4]However,it’snotapopularopinion.Mostpeoplethinkit’simpossible…likeanotherhumancan.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.[P2]Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【词汇过关】请写出下面英文单词在文章中的中文意思。1.robot/ˈrəʊbɒt/n.____________________2.imagine/ɪˈmædʒɪn/v.________________3.factory/ˈfæktri/n.___________________4.case/keɪs/n._______________________5.personal/ˈpɜːsənl/adj._______________6.machine/məˈʃiːn/n._________________7.expert/ˈekspɜːt/n.__________________8.forecast/ˈfɔːkɑːst/v._________________9.intelligent/ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/adj._____________10.brain/breɪn/n.______________________11.signal/ˈsɪɡnəl/n.____________________12.opinion/əˈpɪnjən/n._________________13.conne