考研考博-英语-宜春幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宜春幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.写作题

Livinginanincreasinglycomplexsociety,wefacevariouskindsofcrises.Somepeopleviewcrisesasopportunitiesandencouragethemselvestoconfrontthem,othershavenegativeattitudestowardsthem.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoyouropinionontheissue.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【参考范文】

Itiswell-knownthatweexistinadynamicworldwithvariouscrises.Whenwearefacedwiththem,somepeoplewillseethemaspreciouschancesandconfrontthempositively,whileotherswillchoosetoescapeandfacethemnegatively.Personally,Ithinkcrisescanmakeushardyenoughtosurvivewhateveradversitiesinourlaterlife,anditisimportanttoconfrontthemwithhopeandconfidence.Eventhoseseriouscrises,ifhandledproperly,canbeturnedtoablessingtous,too.

Firstly,asfarasanationisconcerned,crisescanberenderedbeneficial.TakeWenchuanearthquakewhichshookmostofSichuanforexample.ThecrisishascostChinesealot.Housescollapsed,bridgesbrokedownandmanyaffectedareaswerecutofffromtheoutsideworld.Nearlyamillionpeoplelosttheirhomes,tenthousandsofpeoplewereinjuredandanothertenthousandsofpeoplewerekilled.Butoursufferingswon’tgoinvainifweconfrontitpositively.Scientistsaremoredeterminedtoimprovethemeansbywhichweforecastearthquakeswithmoreaccuracy.Weshouldbuildhouseswhichcansurvivethedestructiveearthquakes.Andwealsoshouldbetterthemechanismtofacetheemergenciesandcrisis.

Secondly,crisessometimescontributetoourlifetreasureinawaythatfewcanimagineifwehavehopeandconfidence.Theycanweatherusandmakeusstrongenoughtofaceourselveswhenwefeelweak.Eric,myuncleisacaseinpoint.Hehadhardtimeinhischildhoodgoingthroughsuchafataldisease.Buthedidn’tgiveupthehopeofliving.Eventually,hewassavedbydoctors.Eversincethenhehasbeensogratefultotheworldthathehasbeendoingwhateverhecantogivebackinthesamemeasuretootherfellows.Andnowheislivingahappyandsuccessfullife.

Asawell-knownancientChinesenotiongoes,thepastlessonsifnotforgottencanbegoodteachersforusall.Insteadofavoidingcrises,weshouldtakethelessonsfromcrisesandregardthemasachancefornewgrowth.

2.问答题

Wearewithoutchoicesinmanyaspects,butwedochoosehowweshalllive;

(A)courageouslyorincowardice,(B)honorablyorinhonorably,withpurposeorindrift.Wedecide(C)whatisimportantandwhatistrivialinlife.Andaswedecideandchoose(D)soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout.

【答案】B；改成honorablyordishonorably。dishonorably灰溜溜的。

3.单选题

Thosewhoanticipatepricechangescorrectlycanoftengainfinanciallyfromtheirforesight.

问题1选项

A.forecast

B.vision

C.estimate

D.talent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.forecast预测，预报B.vision眼力，远见卓识

C.estimate（对数量、成本等的）估计，估价D.talent天资，天赋

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑，先见之明”，指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化，因此就可以获得可观的经济收益，强调对事物发展的洞察力，vision与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。

4.单选题

Ihavesearchedallthebookstoresinthistown.Thebookyouaskedforisnot（

）.

问题1选项

A.tedious

B.vivid

C.available

D.sufficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。tedious意为“冗长的，啰唆的，单调乏味的”；vivid意为“生动的，逼真的”；available意为“可找到的，可购得的，可获得的”；sufficient意为“足够的，充足的”。

句意：我搜遍了这个镇上所有的书店，你要的那本书没有找到。

5.单选题

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

问题1选项

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

问题2选项

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

问题3选项

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

问题4选项

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章，下列哪一项是正确的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我负责的公司在上周深吸了一口新鲜空气，然后就彻底戒掉了吸烟坏习惯。在家庭办公室里工作，吸烟是完全禁止的。），根据wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉坏习惯）这个词语，可以推断出公司是突然禁止吸烟，故D项“公司总部突然全面禁止吸烟”正确，由此也可知B项“该公司逐步、有条件地实行了禁烟令”错误；根据第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我们的3000名家庭办公室员工中，大多数人支持我们的新政策，吸烟者和不吸烟者都是一样的，但有少数人抱怨说，我们为什么要“歧视吸烟者”。）可知，关于公司的禁烟令，包括吸烟者和不吸烟者在内，大部分的员工是支持的，只有少数人有抱怨，这其中可能有吸烟者可能也有不吸烟者，因此A项“总的来说，吸烟的员工对公司规定不允许在工作场所吸烟感到不舒服”和C项“在公司的主要办公室里，吸烟者被认为是少数爱发牢骚的人”错误。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“下列哪一项可以从文章中推断出来？”。根据第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年杀死35万美国人的事情都应该采取果断的行动，所有强壮的牛仔和黄褐色头发的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香烟广告，来掩盖这个国家七分之一的死亡与吸烟有关的事实。）可以推断，香烟广告通常都是以诱人的形象来展示，故A项“香烟广告通常利用诱人形象的吸引力”正确；B项“香烟广告倾向于提醒人们吸烟和美好生活之间的关系”从文中推断不出来；C项“一般来说，香烟广告是为了误导不吸烟的人”也不正确，香烟广告既可能诱导不吸烟者也可能误导吸烟者；D项“大多数香烟广告的目标是强壮和有吸引力的男人和女人”颠倒了文章意思。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的目的是什么？”。通读全文可知，文章第一段通过公司突然禁烟的做法引出了无烟工作环境的观点，第二段阐述了提供无烟工作环境的原因，即吸烟的一系列危害，接着第三段讲到了公司为了实行禁令为员工做的一些努力和大多数员工对禁令的支持，然后最后一段总结，吸烟导致的增加的医疗费用、死亡和工作时间损失都会给经济造成一定的损失，所以提供无烟工作环境是一个商业的决策；综合全文我们可以推断出，这篇文章的目的是给“提供无烟工作环境”这一策略做辩护，C项“为在工作场所控制吸烟的做法辩护”符合题意；A项“批判吸烟的习惯对健康有害”和B项“强调无烟工作环境的可获得性”都是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文；D项“提出一个关于让吸烟成为仅仅是与工作相关的问题的论点”不符合文意。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪项不是作者用以作为管制工作期间吸烟的理由？”。由第二段最后两句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（与此相关的成本也在侵蚀我们的经济。最近的一份报告估计，吸烟者使用医疗保健系统的人数至少比不吸烟者多50%；他们每天要浪费30分钟的时间摸索火柴和打火机，吸食诱人的毒药。）以及最后一段中的倒数第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根据一项国会研究，每年因吸烟而增加的医疗费用、过早死亡和工作时间损失给经济造成的损失平均为650亿美元）可知，A项“由于吸烟者耗时的习惯，所以在工作效率不如不吸烟者的假设”、C项“与吸烟有关的导致过早死亡的健康问题”和D项“与吸烟有关的成本削弱了国民经济的事实”都是禁止工作期间吸烟的理由；只有B项“吸烟严重污染工作环境的观点”没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

IhaveenjoyedthestudyoftheSpanishlanguagenotonlybecauseofitsbeautybutalso（）.

问题1选项

A.tomakeuseofitinbusiness

B.becauseofitsuseinbusiness

C.onaccountitisusefulinbusiness

D.oneneedsitinbusiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词。由notonly...butalso...可以看出空格处和前文并列，由前文的becauseofitsbeauty可知B选项正确，表示原因。

7.单选题

TheInternetbeganinthe1960sasasmallnetworkofacademicandgovernmentcomputersprimarilyinvolvedinresearchfortheU.S.Military.Originallylimitedtoresearchersatahandfulofuniversitiesandgovernmentfacilities,theInternethasquicklybecomeaworldwidenetworkprovidinguserswithinformationonarangeofsubjectsandallowingthemtopurchasegoodsdirectlyfromcompaniesviacomputer.By1999,84millionU.S.citizenshadaccesstotheInternetathomeorwork.MoreandmoreAmericansarepayingbills,shopping,orderingairlinetickets,andpurchasingstocksviacomputerovertheInternet.

Internetbankingisalsobecomingincreasinglypopular.Withloweroverheadcostsintermsofstaffingandofficespace,Internetbanksareabletoofferhigherinterestratesondepositsandchargelowerratesonloansthantraditionalbanks."Brickandmortar"banksareincreasinglyofferingonlinebankingservicesviatransactionalwebsitestocomplementtheirtraditionalservices.Atpresent,14percentofInternethouseholdsconducttheirbankingbymeansoftheInternet,andthefigureisexpectedtodoubleortripleduringthenexttwoorthreeyears.

IncreasingcommercialuseoftheInternethasheightenedsecurityandprivacyconcerns.Withacreditordebitcard,anInternetusercanorderalmostanythingfromanInternetsiteandhaveitdeliveredtotheirhomeoroffice.CompaniesdoingbusinessovertheInternetneedsophisticatedsecuritymeasurestoprotectcreditcard,bankaccount,andsocialsecuritynumbersfromunauthorizedaccessastheypassacrosstheInternet.AnyorganizationthatconnectsitsnetworkstotheglobalInternetmustcarefullycontroltheaccesspointtoensurethatoutsiderscannotdisrupttheorganization’sinternalnetworksorgainunauthorizedaccesstotheorganization’scomputersystemsanddata.

1.Accordingtothetext,Internetbanking（

）.

2.Theterm“brickandmortarbanks”(Line3,Para.2)refersto（

）.

3.Thelastsentenceofthethirdparagraphtellsusthat（

）.

4.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?

5.WhichcommercialusageoftheInternetdoestheauthorNOTreferto?

问题1选项

A.requiresminimalusagefees

B.offerspriceadvantagestousers

C.ismoreefficientthantraditionalbanking

D.isenvironmentally-conscious

问题2选项

A.bankswithdependablereputation

B.bankswithcompetitiveinterestrates

C.bankswithtraditionalwalk-inservices

D.bankswithreliableon-lineservices

问题3选项

A.anyorganization’snetworksmaybeatriskofsecuritybreaches

B.currenttechnologycannotsafeguardagainstunauthorizedaccesstoonlinenetworks

C.informationsecurityshouldbeapressingconcernforInternetcommerce

D.organizationsmustsecuretheirnetworksanddataagainstunauthorizeduse

问题4选项

A.ConveniencesbroughttoconsumersthroughuseoftheInternet.

B.ImplicationsofincreasingcommercialuseoftheInternet.

C.SecurityrisksposedbycommercialuseoftheInternet

D.AdvantagesofInternetbankingversustraditionalbanking

问题5选项

A.Buyingairlinetickets.

B.Tradingstocks.

C.Applyingforacreditcard

D.Openingabankaccount.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第二段Internetbanksareabletoofferhigherinterestratesondepositsandchargelowerratesonloansthantraditionalbanks提到网上银行存款利率更高，贷款利率较低，选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段"Brickandmortar"banksareincreasinglyofferingonlinebankingservicesviatransactionalwebsitestocomplementtheirtraditionalservices提到这类银行就是通过交易性网站提供在线银行服务，来补足它们的传统服务。选项C“提供传统的进入店面服务的银行”符合题意。

3.文章第三段最后一句AnyorganizationthatconnectsitsnetworkstotheglobalInternetmustcarefullycontroltheaccesspointtoensurethatoutsiderscannotdisrupttheorganization’sinternalnetworksorgainunauthorizedaccesstotheorganization’scomputersystemsanddata提到自身网络连接到全球网络的任何一个机构必须小心地控制接入点，来确保外人不能破坏该机构的内部网络或未经授权地访问该机构的计算机系统和数据。选项D符合题意。

4.文章主要讲述了互联网的发展给人们的生活带来了便利，人们可以进行网上购物、支付账单等，基于物联网的网上银行相比传统银行更有价格优势（存款利率变高，取款利率变低），但是物联网的使用也有亟待提高的地方：安全和隐私问题。选项B符合题意。

5.文章第一段最后一句MoreandmoreAmericansarepayingbills,shopping,orderingairlinetickets,andpurchasingstocksviacomputerovertheInternet提及到了购买机票，交易股票，选项A与B可以排除；文章第二段第一句提到了“开立银行账户”，所以选项D可以排除。因此，选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Assoonasshearrivedhomefromthestore,shefoundshe______anurgentlyneededarticleontheshoppinglist.

问题1选项

A.leftoff

B.leftout

C.letout

D.madeup

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项leftoff“停止，中断”，B项leftout“忽视，不考虑”，C项letout“放出，泄露”，D项makeup“编造，化妆”。根据句子意思“她从商店一到家，就发现购物单上有一件急需的物品……”可推断，空格处应该表示“忘记买”的意思，四个选项中只有B选项能表达出句子的意思。句意：她从商店一到家，就发现购物单上漏掉了一件急需的东西。因此，该题选择B项正确。

9.单选题

Youhavetopaya(n)premiumforexpressdelivery.

问题1选项

A.extratip

B.extrabonus

C.extracharge

D.extraprice

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.extratip额外的小费B.extrabonus额外的奖励

C.extracharge额外费用D.extraprice额外价格

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句的意思是如果要寄特快专递的话，就要收取额外的费用，原词premium“附加费”，C选项extracharge“额外的服务费”符合该语境。

【干扰项排除】

A选项extratip“额外的小费”，小费一般是给服务员的，如餐厅服务员或者理发师，为了感谢他们的服务；

B选项extrabonus“额外的奖励”，原句是要收费，而不是给奖励；

D选项extraprice“额外价格”，侧重于指溢价，比如快递费本来是8元，但是由于疫情，快递小哥少，寄快递涨价了（假设），要10元，中间涨的2元就属于extraprice“额外价格”。

【句意】寄特快专递的话，你得付额外费用。

10.单选题

V.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

IwishtotakeasmysubjectJusticeScalia’s1988TaftLecture,Originalism:TheLesserEvil.Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.

Inthe1980svariousleadingfiguresinconstitutionallawtookaimatthecontentionthattheConstitutionshouldbeinterpretedaccordingtotheoriginalintentionsofitsframers.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.

InhisTaftLecture,JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.Indeed,theobjectivetheorybywhichprivatecontractsarenormallyinterpretedassumestheavailabilityofsuchmeaning.Andtheverysameevidencethatshowsthefoundinggenerationrejectingrelianceontheintentionsoftheframersalsoshowstheirrelianceontheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetext.

Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection,however.Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.

RANDYE.BARNETT:“Scalia’sInfidelity:ACritiqueofFaint-HeartedOriginalism”

67.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommentofJusticeScalia’s1988Lecturebytheauthor?

68.ThefollowingarecriticalcommentsofOriginalismexcept___.

69.ThecontributionofJusticeScaliatooriginalismisthathe___.

70.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat___.

问题1选项

A.Itisoneofthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticles.

B.Itcontributedtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualreviewoflegalscholarship.

C.Ithelpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.

D.Ithadanenormousinfluence.

问题2选项

A.Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbyunanswerableobjections

B.itisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatetheintentionsofsomanyframers

C.peopleinthe20thcenturyshouldnotbeboundbythedeadhandofthepast

D.thefoundersoftheUSthemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent

问题3选项

A.obviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism

B.foundthatlanguagehadanaccessiblepublicmeaningwaswhatenabledinterpersonalcommunication

C.foundthatifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother

D.shiftedthepreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment

问题4选项

A.originalpublicmeaningdidanswerthe“deadhand”objection

B.judgeshavethedutytofollowthewillofthepeople

C.anewtheoryofpopularsovereigntywasdevelopedtoanswerthe“deadhand”objection

D.oneshouldnotbeboundbythepast

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】67.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“JusticeScalia”定位到原文第一段Itisamongthemostfrequentlycitedlawreviewarticlesand—togetherwithJusticeScalia’sintroductiontoAMatterofInterpretation—helpedshapethecurrentdebateoverthepropermethodofconstitutionalinterpretation.（它是最常被引用的法律评论文章之一，与斯卡利亚大法官对《解释问题》的介绍一起，帮助塑造了目前关于正确解释宪法方法的辩论）可知C选项“它帮助形成了目前关于正确的宪法解释方法的辩论”和原文有出入，是斯卡利亚法官1988年演讲和斯卡利亚大法官对《解释问题》的介绍一起塑造了目前关于正确解释宪法方法的辩论，而不仅仅是斯卡利亚法官1988年演讲；以及A选项“这是最常被引用的法律评论文章之一”符合原文；第一段Indeed,hisTaftLecturecanbecreditedwithcontributingtooneofthemostremarkableintellectualcomebackstoriesoflegalscholarship.（的确，史格里亚大法官关于原意论的讲座对法律学术的重新检阅与完善做出了贡献）可知B选项“它对法学界最引人注目的学术评论之一做出了贡献”正确；第一段Thepublishedversionofthislecturehashadanenormousinfluence.（这次演讲的出版版本产生了巨大的影响）可知D选项“它有巨大的影响”正确。因此C选项符合题意。

68.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“Originalism”定位到第二段最后一句Finally,originalismistoberejectedbecauseitiswrongforthelivingtobeboundbythedeadhandofthepast.（最后，原意论被抵制是因为当代的人们不应该被传统守旧的教条所束缚住）可知C选项“20世纪的人不应该被过去的死亡之手束缚”错误，无法判断原文中“当代的人们”是C选项中“20世纪的人”；第二段Originalism,itwaswidelythought,wasthoroughlytrouncedbythreeunanswerableobjections.（人们普遍认为，原创性被三个无可辩驳的反对意见彻底击败了）可知A选项“人们普遍认为，原创性被无可辩驳的反对意见彻底打败了”符合题意；第二段First,originalismisimpracticalbecauseitisimpossibletodiscoverandaggregatethevariousintentionsheldbynumerousframers.（首先，原始论是不切实际的，因为它不可能发现和聚集众多制宪者持有的各种意图）可知B选项“这是不可能发现和聚集如此多的意图的制宪者”正确；第二段Second,originalismisactuallycontrarytotheoriginalintentionsofthefoundinggenerationwhothemselvesrejectedrelianceonoriginalintent.（第二，原始主义实际上与创始一代的原始意图相悖，创始一代本身就拒绝了对原始意图的依赖）可知D选项“美国的缔造者自己拒绝了对最初意图的依赖”正确。因此C选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段JusticeScaliawasperhapsthefirstdefenderoforiginalismtoshiftthetheoryfromitspreviousfocusontheintentionsoftheframersoftheConstitutiontotheoriginalpublicmeaningofthetextatthetimeofitsenactment.Thisshiftfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningobviatedmuchofthepracticalobjectiontooriginalism.（斯卡利亚法官可能是第一个支持原意论的人，他将原意论从最初强调制宪人的原意转变到关注当时客观背景下公众的最初意图上来。这种从原始立宪者意图到原始公共意义的转变，消除了许多对原始主义的实际反对）可知斯卡利亚法官对原始主义的贡献在于他对原始主义的支持，消除了许多对原始主义的实际反对，选A选项“排除了许多对原始主义的实际反对”，同时可知D选项“将先前对宪法制定者意图的关注转移到宪法制定时文本的原始公共意义上”并不是斯卡利亚法官的主要贡献；第三段Thatlanguagehasanaccessiblepublicmeaningiswhatenablesinterpersonalcommunication.Ifwordsdidnothaveanobjectivemeaningbeyondthesubjectiveintentionofspeakersandwriters,wewouldneverbeabletounderstandeachother.（这种语言具有可接近的公共意义，这使人与人之间的沟通成为可能。如果语言没有超出说话者和作家主观意图的客观意义，我们就永远无法相互理解）可知B选项“发现语言具有可理解的公共意义是人际沟通的基础”和C选项“发现如果词语没有超出说话者和作家的主观意图的客观意义，我们将永远无法相互理解”并不是斯卡利亚法官对原始主义的贡献。因此A选项正确。

70.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段Mostoriginalistsstressedthetheoryofpopularsovereignty.TheycontendedthattheConstitutionisanauthoritativeexpressionofthewillofthePeople,whichjudgesareduty-boundtofollow.（大多数愿意论者强调人民主权的理论。他们认为，宪法是人民意愿的权威表达，法官有义务遵循）可知法律必须遵循人民的意志，选B选项“法官有义务遵循人民的意愿”；最后一段Shiftingfromoriginalframersintenttooriginalpublicmeaningdidlittletoanswerthe“deadhand”objection（从最初的制宪者意图到最初的公共意义的转变对回答“死手”的反对作用不大）可知A选项“原来的公众意图回答了‘死手’的反对”错误；最后一段Whybeboundbythepast?Forthat,JusticeScaliaandotheroriginalistshadtodevelopatheoryofconstitutionallegitimacy.（为什么要受过去的束缚？为此，斯卡利亚法官和其他原意论者不得不发展一种宪法合法性理论）可知C选项“一种新的人民主权理论被发展出来，以回答‘死手’的反对”错误，不是人民主权理论而是宪法合法性理论；结合上文提到的内容以及最后一段大意可知D选项“一个人不应该被过去所束缚”错误，斯卡利亚法官和其他原意论者认为一个人应该被过去所束缚。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Childrenareoften（）sportsatanearlyage.Astheygetolderandstartschooltheyparticipateinsportsasawaybothtomakenewfriendsandbeactive.

问题1选项

A.exposedto

B.spoiledby

C.indulgedin

D.worriedabout

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。exposedto接触，暴露于;spoiledby被宠坏;indulgedin沉溺于;worriedabout为...…担心。句意：孩子们经常在很小的时候就接触到运动。随着他们长大开始上学，参加体育运动以此来结交新朋友变得活跃。只有A选项符合语境。

12.单选题

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatimportance.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowaberrant.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpristineeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidintheseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasoveragainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueoveragainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenlipintothelanguageofhisfamily.Whenoneseriouslystudiesaxialordersthathavehadtheopportunitytodevelopindependently,thatbecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation.Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanadjustmenttothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichlieisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalk,heisthelittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownanabletotakepartinitsactivities,itshabitsarehishabits,itsbeliefshisbeliefs,itsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.

1.Theauthorthinksthereasonwhycustomhasbeenignoredintheacademicworldisthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJohnDewey?

3.Theworld“custom”inthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageaperson’slife,fromhisbirthtohisdeath（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposetowritingthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.customrevealsonlythesuperficialnatureofhumanbehavior

B.thestudyofsocialorderscanreplacethestudyofcustom

C.peoplearestillnotawareoftheimportantrolethatcustomplaysinformingourworldoutlook

D.customhaslittletodowithourwaysofthinking

问题2选项

A.Anindividualcanexerciseverylittleinfluenceontheculturaltraditionintowhichheisborn.

B.Customisthedirectresultofthephilosophicalprobingofagroupofpeople.

C.Anindividualisstronglyinfluencedbytheculturaltraditionevenbeforeheisborn.

D.Customrepresentsthecollectivewisdomwhichbenefitstheindividual.

问题3选项

A.theconceptofthetrueandthefalseofasociety

B.theindependentlydevelopedsocialorders

C.theadjustmentoftheindividualtothenewsocialenvironment

D.thepatternsandstandardsofbehaviorofacommunity

问题4选项

A.isconstantlyshapingtheculturaltraditionsofhispeople

B.ispredominatedbytraditionalcustom

C.iscontinuallyinfluencedbythehabitsofothercommunities

D.ischieflyinfluencedbythepeoplearoundhim

问题5选项

A.tourgeindividualstofollowtraditionalcustoms

B.to