考研考博-英语-安徽医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Anargumentwas（

）becausetheydislikeeachothersomuch.

问题1选项

A.ridiculous

B.inevitable

C.excessive

D.conservative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ridiculous“荒唐的，荒谬的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；excessive“过量的”；conservative“保守的”。句意：由于他们彼此都很讨厌对方,所以争论就难以避免。根据上下文关系可知B项符合句意，答案B

2.单选题

Weworktomakemoney,butit’sa____thatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.prejudice

C.dilemma

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.paradox矛盾的人（或事物、情况）B.prejudice偏见；成见

C.dilemma（进退两难的）窘境；困境D.conflict冲突；争执

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我们工作是为了赚钱，但一个……的现象是，长期努力工作的人往往赚不到最多的钱。根据句意，工作是为了赚钱，但是最努力工作的人却赚不到最多的钱，这是一个矛盾的事情。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B、C选项均不符合句意；

D选项conflict“冲突；争执”，指有相反的想法、意见、感情或愿望的情况；很难选择的情况。该选项不符合语境。

【句意】我们工作是为了赚钱，但一个自相矛盾的现象是，长期努力工作的人往往赚不到最多的钱。

3.单选题

Theoldhouseattheendofthestreethasrecentlybeen（）.

问题1选项

A.pulled

B.leveled

C.erased

D.demolished

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项pulled“拉；牵引”；B选项leveled“瞄准；拉平”；C选项erased“抹去；擦掉”；D选项demolished“拆毁；破坏”。句意：街尾的那座老房子最近被……了。句中的oldhouse“老房子”最近被拆迁了。因此D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Abletogoalmostanywhere,evenoverthemountainousAlleghenybarrier,therailroad（）terrainandweather.

问题1选项

A.defied

B.resisted

C.counterpoised

D.suppressed

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：几乎可以去任何地方，甚至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。

5.单选题

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingmanyfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,thesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofallhumanillnessisrelatedtodietand40%ofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.

Differentculturesaremorepronetocontractcertainillnessbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglakesofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.Sometimes,similardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposesbutforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.ThoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FAD)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.

1.Howhassciencedoneadisservicetomankind?

2.Whatarenitratesusedfor?

3.WhatdoesFDAmean?

4.Theword“carcinogenic”meansmostnearlythesameas（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.Becauseofscience,diseasecausedbycontaminatedfoodhasbeenvirtuallyeradicated.

B.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.

C.Asaresultofscientificintervention,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenaddedtoourfood.

D.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.

问题2选项

A.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.

B.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.

C.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.

D.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.

问题3选项

A.FoodDirectAdditives.

B.FinalDifficultAnalysis.

C.FoodandDrugAdministration.

D.FederalDiaryAdditives.

问题4选项

A.trouble-making

B.color-retaining

C.money-making

D.cancer-causing

问题5选项

A.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreason.

B.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothelivinganimals.

C.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialhazardsoffoodadditivesforover35years.

D.Foodmaycause40%ofcancerintheworld.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第一段Althoughsciencehasmadeenormousstepsinmakingmanyfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,thesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.（虽然科学已取得巨大进展，使许多食物更适合食用，但与此同时，它也使许多食物不宜食用。）也就是说很多添加剂式的食物容易导致一些疾病，因此C选项“由于科学的干预，一些潜在的有害物质被添加到我们的食物中。”正确。A选项“由于科学的发展，由受污染的食物引起的疾病实际上已经被根除了。”和题干提问并不符合；B选项“它导致了关于食物价值的信息的缺乏。”这个不是原文的观点；D选项“科学家们保存了肉的颜色，却没有保存蔬菜的颜色。”与题干不符。

2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段In1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats（1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌）因此B选项“它们能保持肉的颜色”正确。A选项“它们能保存包装食品的风味。”不是保存风味；C选项“它们是研究的对象”，与原文不符；D选项“它们使动物变得更胖”与原文不符。

3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一句话ThoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FAD)hastriedrepeatedlytocontroltheseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.（尽管食品和药物管理局（FAD）多次试图控制这些程序，但这种做法仍在继续。）因此C选项“食品和药物管理局”正确。A选项“食物直接添加剂”；B选项“最终困难分析”；D选项“联邦乳品添加剂”都不正确。

4.语义推测题。根据关键词定位到commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood（用于肉类颜色保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。然而，这些致癌添加剂仍然存在于我们的食品中。）因此可以得出这些物质都是致癌的，因此D选项“致癌的”正确。A选项“制造麻烦的”；B选项“护色的”；C选项“赚钱的”都不正确。

5.事实细节题。A选项“由于医学原因，药物总是给动物服用”在原文的最后一段Sometimes,similardrugsareadministeredtoanimalsnotformedicinalpurposesbutforfinancialreasons.（有时让动物服用这类药物并不是为了治病，而是为了经济上的原因。）因此A选项不正确。B选项“我们食物中的一些添加剂是添加到食物本身，还有一些是给活的动物吃的。”在最后一段Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandpoultry（农民经常给牛肉和家禽注射青霉素）；C选项“研究人员已经知道食品添加剂的潜在危害超过35年了。”在最后一段In1945,governmentresearchesrealizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.（1945年，政府部门的研究人员认识到，用于肉类保鲜的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和其他食品添加剂能致癌。）；D选项“食物可能会导致世界上40%的癌症”定位到第一段Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofallhumanillnessisrelatedtodietand40%ofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.（一些研究表明，大约80%的人类疾病与饮食有关，40%的癌症也与饮食有关，尤其是结肠癌。）

6.单选题

Framingaprobleminmythologicaltermscanpointtowardsolutionsatdeepermythiclevels.Forcenturies,theguidingmythofWesternculturehasbeenwhatmightbecalledthe“GrandNarrativeofProgress.”Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.Modernscienceandtechnologyhavepropelledthismyth,extendingthehumanlife-span,harnessingnaturalresourcesandthepoweroftheatom,carryingsoundsthroughtheatmosphere,andexploringouterspacebydefyinggravityitself.

Rationalthoughtandtheempiricalscientificmethodbecamethechiefinstrumentsoftheprogressmyth,andtheypromisedtodiscernwhicheconomicsystem,whichformofgovernment,andwhichaestheticdesignwouldbestleadhumanityoutofconfusiontowardautopianfuture.Assciencetestshypotheses,thosethatfailtobeverifiedareabandoned,allowingsciencetomoveforwardinaself-correcting,progressivedirection.

Mythologywasequatedwithsuperstitionandfalsehood:itsmostvitalelementscouldnotbesubjectedtoempiricalverification,anditemanatedfromthewellofimaginationratherthanreason.Spiritualconcerns,beliefsinthedivine,andrespectforthesacredwereconsideredtobethe“opiumofthemasses”and,likeanyotheraddiction,ahindrancetoprogress.

ButastheGrandNarrativeofProgresscametodominateothervaluesandviews,itcastamalignantshadow.Theinventionoftheautomobilewasthequintessenceofprogress,butitleftovercrowdedhighways,airpollution,anddeforestationinitswake.Fertilizersincreasedcropproductionbutalsoincreasedthegrowthofalgaeinlakesandcanals.Thediscoveryofpowerfulinsecticides—firstgreetedwithenthusiasmandaNobelPrize—wasfollowedbytheunintentionalpoisoningoffish,birds,andanimals.Nuclearpowerplantsincreasedavailableenergybutledtostorageproblems,life-threateningcontamination,andatleastoneaccidentwithworldwiderepercussions.Thewasteproductsoftechnologicallivingbegantochokegreatcitiesandfoulonce-pristinelands.AlthoughWesternhousing,clothing,andreligionwerebroughttoaboriginalpeople,andtherateofinfectiousdiseasewentdown,therateofalcoholism,drugaddiction,suicide,andspouseandchildrenabusewentup.

1.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat（）.

2.TheGrandNarrativeofProgresscanberealizedbecause（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,theword“malignant”means（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheviewoftheauthor?

问题1选项

A.mythisveryimportantintheproblem-solutionrelationship

B.scienceandtechnologyarehelpfultosolvetheproblems

C.theGrandNarrativeofProgressispowerful

D.problemandsolutionarethetwins

问题2选项

A.itemanatedfromimaginationratherthanreason

B.itisthestoryofamovementtowardagoal

C.itdominatesothervaluesandviews

D.itiswiththoughtandmethod

问题3选项

A.fantastic

B.dominant

C.benign

D.harmful

问题4选项

A.Humanprogresshasnothingtodowithmythologies.

B.Themythhashelpedlittleinshapingthehumanfuture.

C.TheGrandNarrativeofProgressshouldbecriticized.

D.Scienceandtechnologycanleadustoautopianfuture

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.根据句意:用神话构思问题能更好地从神话的角度解决问题。也就是说,神话在解决问题的过程中非常重要。选项A正确。

2.根据关键词“GrandNarrativeofProgress”定位到第一段“...Itisthestoryofmovementtowardagoal—achievement,improvement,andconquest.”这是一个朝着目标前进的故事——成就、进步和征服。“进步大神话”之所以能实现是因为它有明确的目标,朝着目标前进。选项B符合原文。

3.原文中“malignant”修饰shadow,而在接下来的内容中主要描述的是“进步大神话”的负面影响,由此可以推断,shadow指阴影,选项中表示贬义的形容词只有选项D,所以“malignant”指有害的。

4.根据原文第三段可知,作者对神话的态度是反对的,紧接着在第四段花大量的篇幅讲述了“进步大神话”的负面影响,由此可以推断,作者认为,“进步大神话”应该受到批评。选项C正确。

7.单选题

Everystudentmust（

）thelibraryrules.

问题1选项

A.conceiveof

B.compensatefor

C.concentrateon

D.complywith

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。conceiveof“设想，想象”；compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”;concentrateon“集中精力于，全神贯注于”；complywith“照做，遵守”。句意：每个学生都必须遵守图书馆的规则。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Somepeoplesaythatthestudyofliberalartsisauselessluxurywecannotaffordinhardtimes.Students,theyargue,whodonotdevelopsalableskillswillfinditdifficulttolandajobupongraduation.Butthereisaprobleminspeakingof“salableskills.”Whatskillsaresalable?Rightnow,skillsformakingautomobilesarenothighlysalable,buttheyhavebeenfordecadesandmightbeagain.Skillsinteachingarenotnowassalableastheywereduringthepast20years,andthepopulationchartsindicatetheymaynotbesoonagain.Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates.What’smore,ifonewantstobuildacurriculumexclusivelyonwhatissalable,onewillhavetomakethecourseveryshortandchangethemveryoften,inordertokeepupwiththerapidchangesinthejobmarket.Butwillnottheeffortbeinvain?Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.

ASchoolthatdevotesitselftotallytosalableskills,especiallyinatimeofhighunemployment,sendingyoungmenandwomenintotheworldarmedwithonlyanarrowrangeofskills,isalsosendinglambsintothelion’sden.Ifthosepeoplegainnothingmorefromtheirstudiesthansupposedlysalableskills,andcan’tmakethesalebecauseofchangesinthejobmarket,theyhavebeencheated.Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough.Flexibility,anabilitytochangeandlearnnewthings,isavaluableskill.Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.

1.Fromthispassage,wecanlearnthattheauthorisinfavorof

______.

2.Theword“fluctuate”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingismorelikelytogetajobintimesofhighunemployment?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,indevelopingacurriculumschoolsshould______.

问题1选项

A.teachingpracticalskillsthatcanbesoldinthecurrentjobmarket

B.aflexiblecurriculumthatchangeswiththetimes

C.aliberaleducation

D.keepingabalancebetweenthesupplyanddemandinthelabormarket

问题2选项

A.remainsteady

B.changeinanirregularway

C.followasetpattern

D.becomeworseandworse

问题3选项

A.Apersonwiththeabilitytolearnbyhimself

B.Aconstructionworker

C.Acarrepairman

D.Apersonwithquiteafewsalableskills

问题4选项

A.predictthesalabilityofskillsinthefuturejobmarket

B.takethecurrentjobmarketintoconsideration

C.considerwhatskillaresalable

D.focusontheabilitytoadapttochanges

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Inveryfewthingscanwebesureoffuturesalability,andinasocietywherepeoplearefreetostudywhattheywant,andworkwheretheywant,andinvestastheywant,thereisnowaytokeepsupplyanddemandinlaborinperfectaccord.（在一个人们可以自由学习他们想要的东西、在他们想要的地方工作、在他们想要的地方投资的社会里，我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致）可知作者没有特地支持哪一种教育，而是支持他们自由地学习。C选项“自由的教育”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“教授一些实用的技能，这些技能可以在当前的就业市场上得到销售”，作者在文中写到，不确定哪些技能值得推销，可排除A选项。B选项“随时代变化的灵活课程”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到劳动力供求一致，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段Homeconstructionskillsareanotherexampleofvaryingsalability,asthejobmarketfluctuates（随着就业市场的波动，住房建造技能的变化是销售能力变化的另一个例子）。选项B“不规则的变化”，文章所说，就业市场的波动，可以理解为不规则的变化，选项B正确。选项A“保持稳定”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项C“依照成法”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“日就衰败”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Butifthoseskillsweremorethansalable,ifstudygavethemabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthemandgreateradaptabilityinachangingworld,theyhavenotbeencheated.Theywillfindsomekindofjobsoonenough（但如果这些技能很受欢迎，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，并能更好地适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有受骗。他们很快就会找到工作的）。由此句可推测，那些拥有自学能力的人，可以在高失业率下找到工作。A选项“有自学能力的人”，符合文章内容，A选项正确。B选项“建筑工人”，文章没有提到此内容，B选项排除。C选项“汽车修理工”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，一所完全致力于销售技能的学校，尤其是在高失业率的时候，就是把男女送进虎穴，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Peoplewhohavelearnedhowtolearncanlearnoutsideofschool.Thatiswheremostofushavelearnedtodowhatwedo,notinschool.Learningtolearnisoneofthehighestliberalskills.（学会了如何学习的人可以在校外学习。那是我们大多数人学会做我们所做的事情的地方，而不是在学校。学会学习是最高的自由技能之一）。由此句可推测，要学会如何学习，关注适应变化的能力。D选项“关注适应变化的能力”，符合文章内容，因此D选项正确。A选项“预测技能在未来就业市场的销售能力”，销售能力只是有限的技能，A选项排除。B选项“把当前的就业市场也考虑进去”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“考虑什么技能是可以销售的”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除C选项。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Tothe（

）valuesofliberty,equality,andabenevolentChristianmoralitywerenowaddedthemiddle-classvirtues—especiallyofNewEngland—ofhardwork,honestyandintegrity,therewardsofindividualeffort,andobediencetoparentsandlegitimateauthority.

问题1选项

A.disproportionate

B.incipient

C.resplendent

D.participatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项disproportionate“不成比例的”；B选项incipient“初期的，初始的”；C选项resplendent“光辉的；璀璨的”；D选项participatory“供人分享的；吸引参与的”。句意：在自由、平等和仁慈的基督教道德观这些……的价值观之外，现在又增加了中产阶级的美德，尤其是新英格兰的中产阶级的美德：勤奋、诚实正直、个人努力的回报、对父母的服从和合法权威。与后面“中产阶级的美德”对应的只有“璀璨的价值观”。因此C选项符合题意。

10.不定项选择题

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大脑皮层）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

问题2选项

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

问题3选项

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

问题4选项

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

问题5选项

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：大脑组织的特点是……。A选项“头骨的内部”；B选项“不同的区域负责不同的功能”；C选项“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D选项“神经细胞密集排列”。第一段第一句话Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大脑被组织成不同的区域，每个区域负责不同的功能，在人类中这个组织非常明显），因此答案选B。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移动，吃饭和睡觉，甚至吠喊。A选项“神经细胞”；B选项“头骨”；C选项“半脑”；D选项“大脑皮层”。根据题干定位到第八九句话Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（实际上，它失去了我们通常所说的智力的特征——意识、兴趣、与环境的互动，以及适应和学习的能力。因此，大脑皮层似乎是大脑高级功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）从这里可以看出答案选D。

第3题:词义推测题。A选项“椅子”；B选项“身体的一部分”，C选项“某物所在的地方或某物被进行的地方”；D选项“皮质”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大脑皮层似乎是大脑高级功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）这里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申义“智力所在之地”，所以答案选C。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：皮质层的视觉部分尤其有趣因为……。A选项“特定的神经元层对特定的输入刺激方向敏感”；B选项“大部分结构是由基因决定的”；C选项“水平线受到刺激”；D选项“垂直线受到刺激”。根据题干定位到倒数第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大脑皮层的视觉部分尤其有趣。在视觉皮层中，对细胞的电刺激可以产生光的感觉，详细分析表明，特定的神经元层对特定的输入刺激方向敏感，因此，一层对水平线反应最大，而另一层对垂直线反应最大）所以排除C、D选项，答案选A，选项B没有提及。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“大脑皮层”；B选项“神经元的特殊层”；C选项“大脑的结构”；D选项“大脑半球”。原文最开始引出了大脑皮层这一话题，通过举了狗和视觉皮层中的例子来表明大脑皮层的作用，提出“大脑皮层似乎是大脑高阶功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大脑皮层多年来一直是研究人员研究的主题”这一概念，因此A选项正确。B，C，D选项都是文章中的片面的内容，文章没有花费大量笔墨描写“神经元的特殊层”；“大脑的结构”；D“大脑半球”，属于以偏概全。

11.单选题

Mostpeopletravelinthecourseoftheirworkaregiventraveling（）

问题1选项

A.income

B.allowances

C.wages

D.pay

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。income“收入”；allowance“津贴”；wage“工资”；pay“付款，工资”。句意：大部分在工作过程中旅行的人都会有旅游津贴。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Indiaisacountrywhosepopulation（）thatofChina.

问题1选项

A.isfirstexcept

B.hassecondplaceto

C.issecondonlyto

D.comesecondfollowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：印度是人口仅次于中国的国家。besecondonlyto是固定搭配，意思是“仅次于”，没有A，B，D的搭配用法。因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Thesmallbuildingwasmarkedwithamodestbrass（

）

,statingthenameandthebusinessoftheoccupiers.

问题1选项

A.plaque

B.plateau

C.plague

D.plaster

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近名词辨析。plaque“匾额”；plateau“高原”；plague“瘟疫”；plaster“石膏”。句意：这座小小的建筑有一块黄铜匾额，上面写着主人的名字还有营业内容。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

Itisnoticedthattherehadaperceptiblechangeinhisbehaviorlately.

问题1选项

A.pessimistic

B.perceivable

C.persistent

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:值得注意的是，最近他的行为出现明显变化。

pessimistic:悲观的。perceivable:可感知的。persistent:执着的，坚持的。perpetual:永久的，不断的。perceptible:可察觉的，可感知的,看得出的。故B符合句意。

15.单选题

Inasocietythatplacesomuchemphasisto“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.

问题1选项

A.to

B.failtorecognize

C.what

D.inthelongrun

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据emphasis可知，placeemphasison为固定搭配，表示“重视，强调”。句意：在一个如此强调“成功”的社会里，我们没有意识到，从长远来看，看起来像是失败的东西可能是有益的。因此，该题选择A项。

16.单选题

Noneofstudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeing（）ofeverythingtheydo.

问题1选项

A.emotional

B.optimistic

C.interested

D.critical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。

17.单选题

Jimknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.

问题1选项

A.andstillless

B.aswellas

C.nolessthan

D.andstillmore

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项andstillless中stillless“更不用说（常用于否定句后）”；B选项aswellas“和……一样；不但……而且”；C选项nolessthan“不少于”；D选项andstillmore中stillmore“更加”。句意：吉姆几乎不懂数学，______化学了。根据语境，这里指的是吉姆不太懂数学，化学就更不懂了，A选项中stillless“更不用说（常用于否定句后）”符合题意，and作为连词起连接作用。因此A选项正确。

18.单选题

Aseriesofrifleshotsdisturbedthe（

）ofthecampgrounds.

问题1选项

A.solidarity

B.tranquility

C.equanimity

D.propinquity

【答案】B

【解析】solidarity团结；tranquility宁静，平静；equanimity镇定；propinquity接近，邻近。句意：一连串的步枪射击打破了营地的宁静。选项B符合语境。

19.单选题

Globalculturalhomogenizationbringsreactionsbasedonidentitypolitics,includingnationalismandreligiopoliticsbecause（）expressingneedsbetterthanthecurrentsecularorder,whichfavorsuniversalistmodernwesternvalues.

问题1选项

A.ithasbeenseenfor

B.theyhavebeenseenfor

C.itisseenas

D.theyareseenas

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和语法题。根据空格前面的名词nationalismandreligiopolitics，可判断空格中做主语的名词应该为复数，故排除A和C选项。又根据固定搭配beseenas“被看作……”，选项D符合题意。

20.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Memoriesthatwearenotawareofmaybejustasaccurateasthosewerecall,researchershavefound.Andtheymightalsoprovokeuniquechangesinthebrain’selectricalactivityduringrecall.

Theresearchershavelookedatatypeofmemorycalled“implicit”memory.(41)Thephenomenonhasbeendemonstratedinpatientswithamnesia,whocan,withtraining,learntosolvespecificpuzzlesmorequicklydespiteinsistingthattheyhaveneverseenthepuzzlebefore.

InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,JoelVossattheUniversityofIllinoisreportsthatimplicitmemorymaybeatworkwhenwerecallimagesthatwehaveseenbefore.

“Whatisexcitingistheyaresortofbringinganexperimentallenstothemosttwilightaspectsofourmemory,”saysneuroscientistJohnGabrielioftheMIT.

Vossshowed12peopleaseriesofkaleidoscopicimages.(42)Thatdistractionmadeithardertoconsciouslyrememberthepictures.

Then,45secondsafterstudyingtheimages,participantsweretestedonhowwelltheycoulddistinguishanimagetheyhadpreviouslyseenfromanew,butverysimilarpicture.

Eachtimetheyselectedanimage,theywereaskedtogaugehowcertaintheywereofthechoice.Didtheyclearlyrememberthepicture?Wasitmerelyfamiliar?Orwasitsimplyaguess?

Overall,itseemedthataguesswasnotalwaysaguess.(43)ButVosssaysitistoosoontotellwhetherthefindingswillhaveimplicationsforreal-worldscenarios—suchasexposuretosubliminalmessages.Sofar,hehasonlytestedthephenomenonusingnon-sensical,kaleidoscopeimages.Andhehasonlygivensubjectsachoicebetweentheimagetheyhadseenbeforeandaverysimilarone.Imagesthatbearsomemeaning,forexample,wouldbemorelikelytoberememberedexplicitly.

Theauthorshavereportedsimilarresultsbefore.Butthistime,Vossalsomeasuredchangesinelectricalsignalsinthebrainasthepeoplecompletedtheirtests.(44)

“Thetimingisinteresting.”saysGabrieli.“Thiseffectisoccurringintheearlypushofprocessing,asopposedtowhenmoretimepassesandyouhavemoretimetothinkaboutit.”Abrain-imagingexperiment,suchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingtoobservechangesinbloodflowtodifferentregionsofthebrain,couldprovidemoreinformationaboutwhereinthebrainthesesignalsareoriginating,headds.

Theresultsare“striking”,saysDanielSchacter,aprofessorofpsychologyatHarvardUniversity.(45)Thosedifferenceswerefoundinthevisualcortex,aregionofthebrainthatprocessesimages,andSchacterspeculatesthattheelectricalsignatureVossobservedhassimilarorigins.

A.Participantswereallowedtodevotetheirfullattentiontohalfoftheimages,butweredistractedbyanumbertaskwhileviewingtheremaininghalf.

B.Anearli