考研考博-英语-宁夏体育职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏体育职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

问题1选项

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项nutrition表示“营养；营养学；营养品”；B选项expenditure表示“支出，花费；经费，消费额”；C选项routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D选项provision表示“规定；条款；准备；供应品”。根据句意可知，食物在每个家庭的预算中都是主要的支出，因此B选项最符合句意。故本题正确答案为B。

2.单选题

Thetestsshowtheearlierinlifeapersonhearsasoundthelongeritis______.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.preserved

C.remained

D.reserved

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.retained保留B.preserved保护

C.remained保持；停留D.reserved保留；贮备

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子，it指的是sound，根据longer可知，此处是说声音保留的时间越长，retain的牛津释义是tocontinuetohold（继续保持），该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B项不符合句意；

C项侧重保持一种状态或条件不变；

D项侧重保留某种权利。

【句意】测试表明，一个人在生活中听到声音的越早，它保留的时间就越长。

3.单选题

Theinterestsoftheconsumershouldbeparamount.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.unbending

C.superfluous

D.tangible

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.supreme最高的，至高的B.unbending坚定的，不易弯曲的，冷漠的

C.superfluous多余的，不必要的D.tangible有形的，切实的，可触摸的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息Theinterestsoftheconsumer（消费者的利益）可推测，paramount的意思是“第一位的，首位的”，A选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】消费者的利益应放在首位。

4.问答题

Lessnotedbutequallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960also

reducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak:theirmarriagesremainedintacttoa

A

B

greaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.

C

D

【答案】试题答案：C;those

【解析】考查代词。由“theirmarriages”可知此处代词应用相应的复数形式，that的复数形式为those。

5.单选题

IwishthatI（

）theconcertlastnight.

问题1选项

A.couldattend

B.couldhaveattended

C.toattend

D.attended

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望我（）昨晚的音乐会。这里wish后面的内容是一种假设所以我们可知that里面要用虚拟语气。时间是发生在“昨晚”，所以答案B。A选项不合逻辑；C选项会造成从句没有谓语，不符合语法；D选项会使句子产生歧义，昨天晚上到底有没有去参加音乐会，参加了为什么会在前面用wish，没参加为什么要用一般过去式表示该事已经发生过了。

6.单选题

Insomewaystheyareamarketer’sdream.Theyhavebillionsofdollarsinincome—andspendmostofit.Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall,theybuyregularly,ofteninresponsetopeerpressure.Theyareheavilyinfluencedbytelevisionadvertising.And,asaresultoftoday’ssmallerfamiliesandtheincreaseinthenumberoftwo-incomehouseholds,theyhavemoretosayaboutfamilypurchasedecisionsthaneverbefore.

“They”arechildren,ofcourse,agroupwhosespendinghabitsareattractingtheattentionofmoreandmoremarketers.OnerecentstudyestimatesthatthethirtymillionU.S.children4to12yearsoldreceiveabout$4.7billionannuallyfromallowances,gifts,andoddjobs.Ofthatamount,theyspendatotalof$4.2billioneachyearonavarietyofgoods.Butchildren’sfinancialmuscledoesnotendthere.Researchersestimatethatchildrendirectlyinfluencemorethan$40billioninadultpurchaseseachyear.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenareextremelyawareofbrandsandhaveconsiderableinputintotheirparents’selectionsofapparels,cereals,snacks,cars,videocassetterecorders,televisions,andpersonalcomputers.Manychildrenareinvolvedinactualhouseholdpurchasing,especiallyfood;inarecentTeenageResearchstudy,halftheteengirlssurveyedreportedshoppingforgroceriesatleastonceaweek.Recognizingthisindirectpurchasingpowerthatchildrenhave,agrowingnumberofmarketersareapproachingtheyouthsdirectly.TheNationalDairyBoard,forexample,nowairsmilkcommercialswithyouthapparel,andProcter&Gamblehasdevelopedacrestforkids’toothpaste.

Howdidchildrenacquiresuchbuyingpower?Researcherspointtoseveralfactors.Asthenumberofworkingcouplesandsingle-parenthouseholdsincreased,manyparentsshiftedcertainhouseholdresponsibilitiesontochildren’sshoulders.Thrustintoadultroles,childrenhaveendedupwithmoreinfluenceoverthefamily’spurchases,andtheyalsotendtospendincreasedamountsofmoneythemselves.Inaddition,manyolder,professionalcoupleshavefewerchildren.Theseparentscanaffordtolavishmoreontheirchildren,includingextraspendingmoneyforsuchitemsasFisher-PriceToys’$255children’scamcorderandtheMyFirstSonylineofelectronicsgearforchildren.Thebandwagoneffectisyetanotherfactor:whenonemarketerbeginstofocusonchildren,competitorsfollowsuit,encouragingevenmorechildren’spurchases.McDonald’sCorp.,forexample,hasaimedadvertisementsforitshamburgers,mealkits,andpartiesatchildrenforyears;nowHardee’sFoodSystemsInc.andWendy’sInternationalInc.aredoingthesame.

Intelligentmarketersrealizethatchildrenactuallyrepresentthreemarkets:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers.Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawarenessandproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,evencompaniesnotsellingyouthproductspersearebeginningtopayattentiontochildren.Marketersareovercomingtheirtraditionalreluctancetoselldirectlytochildren,realizingthat,outtheresomewhere,tomorrow’sbig-ticketcustomerisplayingvideogamestoday.

1.Thestatementthatchildren“havebillionsofdollarsinincome—andspendmostofit”impliesthatchildren（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingchildren’sbuyingbehaviors?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmarketersbelievechildrenwhodevelop“brandawareness”whentheyareyoungwill（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingsumsupthemamideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.havenosenseofvalueregardingmoney

B.shouldnotwastemuchoftheirmoney

C.havethepotentialtobuymorethaneverbefore

D.shouldnotbegivensomuchmoneybytheirparents

问题2选项

A.Theyarenotinfluencedbyadvertising.

B.Theyarecarefulaboutspendingonfastfood.

C.Theyarenotinfluencedbymilkcommercials.

D.Theyareverymuchinfluencedbytheirfriends.

问题3选项

A.staypracticalwhenitcomestobuyingproducts

B.betiredofthebrandswhentheybecomeadults

C.getusedtobuyingthosebrandsintoadulthood

D.becomeinterestedinpurchasingotherproducts

问题4选项

A.Childrenhavegreatpowerasbuyersandconsumers.

B.Childrenshouldermorehouseholdresponsibilities.

C.Childrenhavemoretosayaboutfamilydecisions.

D.Childrenareimportantmembersofsociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.根据下文“Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall,theybuyregularly...”尽管他们个人购买的东西很少,但他们会定期购买,以应对来自同龄人的压力。在第二段也提及,孩子们购买东西所占比例越来越大,不仅如此,他们还会影响大人们消费,由此可知,孩子们的购物潜力比以往要大得多。所以选项C正确。

2.根据第一段第三句“...theybuyregularly,ofteninresponsetopeerpressure.”他们会定期购买,以应对来自同龄人的压力。由此可推断,孩子们买东西很容易受到同龄人的影响,所以选项D符合原文。

3.根据最后一段第二句“Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawarenessandproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,...”因为孩子们正在稳步发展自己的品牌意识和产品偏好,这些有朝一日会转化为购买决定。也就是说,孩子们成年后会习惯购买年轻时认定的品牌。选项C符合原文。

4.结合全文内容可知,本文主要是讲孩子们的消费能力在未来不可小觑,所以选项A最能概括全文。

7.单选题

Hecompliedwiththerequirementthatallgraduatestudentsineducation______athesis.

问题1选项

A.write

B.writing

C.towrite

D.bewriting

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。与动词require的宾语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气一样，名词requirement的同位语从句或表语从句的谓语动词也需用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略。句意：他遵守了所有教育学研究生都要写毕业论文的要求。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Givethepreviouslyexpressedinterestandtheambitioustoneofherrecentspeeches,thesenator’sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermis（

）.

问题1选项

A.laudable

B.sincere

C.authentic

D.futile

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项laudable“值得赞赏的”；B选项sincere“真诚的，真挚的”；C选项authentic“真正的，真实的”；D选项futile“无用的，无效的”。根据句意‘她在先前的演讲中已经表现出兴趣和勃勃雄心，这位参议员试图说服公众相信她对竞选连任不感兴趣的做法是毫无用处的。’D选项正确。

9.翻译题

Passage1

Physiciansusuallyrelyonsurgeryordrugstobustbloodclotsinthebrainthatmightotherwisecauseastroke,thethirdmostcommoncauseofdeathintheU.S.,butfewerthan10percentofpatientsusuallyfittherequirementstoundergothoseprocedures.However,soundwavesmightprovideathirdnoninvasivechoice.U.S.researchershavebeguntestingan.Israeliultrasounddevicetoseewhetheritmayproveaccurateenoughtobreakupactorwithoutcausingcollateraldamagein*&ebrain.Thisnewfocusedultrasounddevicelookslikeahelmet,studdedwithover1,000ultrasoundtransducers.Eachtransducercanfocusanindividualbeamintothebrainofthehelmet-wearerandconvergeonaspotjustfourmillimeterswide—enoughaccuracytodissolveabloodclotwithinlessthanaminute.

Passage2

Dumpingallourradioactivenuclearwasteinavolcanodoesseemlikeaneatsolutionfordestroyingtheroughly29,000tonsofspenturaniumfuelrodsstockpiledaroundtheworld.Butthere'sacriticalstandardthatavolcanowouldhavetomeettoproperlydisposeofthestuff,andthatstandardisheat.Thelavawouldhavetonetonlymeltthefuelrodsbutalsostriptheuraniumofitsradioactivity.Unfortunately,volcanoesjustaren'tveryhot.Lavainthehottestvolcanoestopsoutataround2,400'F.But,ittakestemperaturesthataretensofthousandsofdegreeshotterthanthattosplituranium'satomicnucleiandalteritsradioactivitytomakeitinert.Whatyouneedisathermonuclearreaction,likeanatomicbomb—notagreatway——todisposeofnuclearwaste.

Passage3

Inwesterncountries,managementteachersandresearchersseemtobeincreasinglydissatisfiedwiththewaymanagersareusuallyeducated.Inacomplexandopenworld,managersoftenbumpintothelimitsofthede-contextualizedtoolsassociatedwithmainstreammanagementknowledgeandpractice.Managershavetonavigateinaworldthatisnotonlyeconomicbutalsopolitical,cultural,shapedbyhistoryandethicaltraditionsandpreoccupations——notonlyasamarkofsocialcapitalbutreallyasawaytoenhancetheirmanagerialskillsandefficiency.Theroteofmanagementeducationshouldbetopreparethemforthatodyssey.Humanitiescanbeapowerfultoolinthatsense.Managementschoolscouldfindnewinspirationsforcurriculumfromthehumanities.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

医生通常依靠手术或药物去除大脑中的血凝块,这些血凝块可能导致患者中风。在美国,这是第三大常见的致死病因。但是少于10%的患者符合接受那些程序的要求。然而,声波可能提供一个无创性的第三选择。美国研究人员己经开始测试一个以色列超声波设备,证实它是否足够精准足以在不对大脑造成间接伤害的前提下粉碎作用物。这个新的聚焦超声设备看起来就像一个头盔,镶有1000个超声波换能器。每个传感器可以聚焦于一段声波进入戴着这个设备的患者的大脑,聚集在一个精准到只有4毫米宽的点,然后在一分钟之内溶解血凝块。

Passage2

把我们所有的放射性核废料倾倒于一座火山看起来确实是一个很好的解决方案,毁掉了全世界约2900吨的乏铀燃料棒。但是一座火山要妥善地处理这些材料,就面临着一个评价标准,这个标准就是热。熔岩不仅要融化燃料棒,而且要消除铀的放射性。不幸的是,火山偏偏不是很热,最热的火山的熔岩最高温在2400华氏度。但是,它需要比这更高成千上万倍的温度来分裂铀原子核和改变它的放射性物质。你需要的是一个热核反应堆,就像原子弹（不是一种好方法）,来处理核废料。

Passage3

在西方国家,管理学老师和研究者似乎越来越不满意于经理的培养方式。在一个复杂和开放的世界,经理经常会受到一些跟主流管理知识和实践有关的脱离语境的相关工具的限制。经理必须在经济、政治、文化等方面跟上时代的步伐,这是在历史进程中形成的广文推崇的一种伦理传统不仅是社会资本的一种标志,而且实际上是一种提高自身的管理技能和效率的方法。这种生硬死板的管理学的教育方式将会把他们培养成奥德赛史诗式的人物。在这个意义上,人文可以成为一种强大的工具。管理学校可以从人文课程中找到新的灵感。

10.单选题

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout为固定短语搭配，意为“对...挑剔，过分讲究的”。这里指她对自己的外表很讲究。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.

问题1选项

A.excitement

B.intensity

C.solutions

D.importance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。severity“严重性；严格；猛烈”；A选项excitement“兴奋；刺激；令人新奇的事物”；B选项intensity“强度；强烈；紧张”；C选项solutions“解决方案；应对措施；溶液剂”；D选项importance“价值；重要；重大”。句意：在第二种文化中经历的适应问题的严重程度取决于个人适应新情况的能力。题干指出“adjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculture在第二种文化中所经历的适应问题”，可推知severity在这里是“严重性”的意思，因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

“ThatEnglishfellow’ssongsareveryportic.”“（）thewordstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthemusic.”

问题1选项

A.Healsowrite

B.Althoughhewrites

C.Notonlydoeshewrite

D.Itisnotallthathewrites

【答案】C

【解析】notonly...butalso...为固定搭配。句意：他不仅自己作词,还自己作曲。

13.单选题

Hegaveusan（）consenttotaketheapples,forhesmiledwhenhesawusdoit

问题1选项

A.exaggerated

B.implicit

C.impartial

D.extravagant

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸张的；implicit含蓄的,暗示的；impartial公正的；extravagant奢侈的,浪费的。句意：他默许我们拿走苹果,因为当他看到我们这样做时,他笑了。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Thekeytothesequestionsistheemotionalresponsewecallanxiety.Unlikehungerorthirst,whichbuildanddissipate(驱散)intheimmediatepresent,anxietyisthesortoffeelingthatsneaksuponyoufromthedayaftertomorrow.It’ssupposedtokeepyoufromfeelingtoosafe.Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.

Allanimals,especiallythesmall,scurryingkind,appeartofeelanxiety.Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.TheinitialshockofSept.11haswormoff,andthefearhaslifted,butmillionsofAmericanscontinuetoshareakindofgeneralizedmassanxiety.ArecentTIME/CNNpollfoundthateightmonthsaftertheevent,nearlytwo-thirdsofAmericansthinkabouttheterrorattacksatleastseveraltimesaweek.Anditdoesn’ttakemuchforalltheoldfearstocomerushingback.Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.

Thisisoneofthemysteriesofanxiety.Whileitisanormalresponsetophysicaldanger-andcanbeausefultoolforfocusingthemindwhenthere’sadeadlinelooming(或隐或现)—anxietybecomesaproblemwhenitpersiststoolongbeyondtheimmediatethreat.Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause,aswiththeshell-shockedsoldiersofWorldWarIortheterror-scarredciviliansoftheWorldTradeCentercollapse.Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.

Thereiscertainlyalotofanxietygoingaround.Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.Initsvariousforms,rangingfromveryspecificphobias(恐惧症)togeneralizedanxietydisorder,itafflicts19millionAmericans.

Andyet,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastJanuarybyresearchersfromUCLA,lessthan25%ofAmericanswithanxietydisordersreceiveanykindoftreatmentfortheircondition.“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem,”saysJerilynRoss,presidentoftheAnxietyDisordersAssociationofAmerica.“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”

SigmundFreudwasfascinatedwithanxietyandrecognizedearlyonthatthereismorethanonekind.Heidentifiedtwomajorformsofanxiety:onemorebiologicalinnatureandtheothermoredependentonpsychologicalfactors.Unfortunately,hisfollowersweresoobsessedwithhisideasaboutsexdrivesandunresolvedconflictsthatstudiesofthephysicalbasisofanxietylanguished(减退).

1.Whatcanbethemostsuitabletitleofthispassage?

2.WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleoftheterroristattackonSept.11?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.WhatdoesJerilynRossmeanby“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem...thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”inParagraph5?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.HealingAnxiety.

B.UnderstandingAnxiety.

C.TheOriginofAnxiety.

D.TheHazardsofAnxiety.

问题2选项

A.Toshowthatanxietyseldomreoccurs.

B.Toindicatethatanxietyiseasytoarouse.

C.Toprovethathumanisatrisk.

D.Todemonstratethatmankindismorenervousthananyothertime.

问题3选项

A.Anxietydisorderhasanegativeimpact.

B.Anxietyisoneofthehealthcareissues.

C.Anxietyissupposedtobeavoided.

D.Whatleadstoanxietycanbeambiguous.

问题4选项

A.Theproblemofmentalhealthisneglected.

B.Theproblemofanxietyisneglected.

C.Mentalhealthisahealth-careproblem.

D.Anxietyisamental-healthproblem.

问题5选项

A.SigmundFreud’sideasarewelldevelopedbythefollowers.

B.Sexdrivesandunresolvedconflictscanrelieveanxiety.

C.SigmundFreudidentifiedtypesofanxiety.

D.Moreresearchesshouldbeconductedinphysicalaspectofanxiety.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章讲了焦虑是什么、焦虑的来源、焦虑带来的影响、治疗焦虑的研究和方法，B选项“理解焦虑”正确。A选项“治疗焦虑”，C选项“焦虑的起源”和D选项“焦虑的危害”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此B选项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.（但我们生活在一个特别焦虑的时代。）和第二段最后一句Whatwassurprisingabouttherecentdrumbeatofterrorwarningswashowquicklyittriggeredtheanxietysomanyofusthoughtwehadputbehindus.（最近一连串恐怖的警告竟然如此迅速地引发了我们许多人以为已经抛在脑后的焦虑。），提出现在的人普遍焦虑的论点后引出911事件的例子进行论证，再点出抛在脑后的焦虑容易再次出现，B选项“表明焦虑是容易引起的”正确，A选项“表示焦虑很少再次发生”错误。C选项“证明人类处于危险之中”：这里的重点是危险引起的焦虑，而且文中没有说类似于911的危险事件非常多，故错误。D选项“证明人类比任何时候都要紧张”：根据第二段第二、三句Humanshavefeltitsincethedaystheysharedtheplanetwithsaber-toothedtigers.Butweliveinaparticularlyanxiousage.（自从人类与剑齿虎共享这个星球以来，就一直有这种感觉。但我们生活在一个特别焦虑的时代。），文中没有对比人类在各个时期的焦虑状况，不符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句Withoutit,fewofuswouldsurvive.（没有它，我们很少有人能活下来。），可知焦虑有帮助人存活下来的作用，人类需要适度的焦虑，C选项“应该避免焦虑”不符合文章内容。根据第四段第二句Anxietydisorder—whichiswhathealthexpertscallanyanxietythatpersiststothepointthatitinterfereswithone’slife—isthemostcommonmentalillnessintheU.S.（焦虑症——健康专家称任何持续干扰人生活的焦虑——是美国最常见的精神疾病。），可知焦虑症会干扰人的生活，是一种精神疾病，A选项“焦虑症有负面影响”符合文章内容。根据第五段第二句“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem.”…“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”（“如果心理健康是医疗保健系统的继子。”……“那么焦虑就是继子的继子。”），可知心理健康属于医疗保健系统，而焦虑属于心理健康，B选项“焦虑是健康保健问题之一”符合文章内容。根据第三段第三、四句Sometimesthere’sanobviouscause…Othertimes,wedon’tknowwhywecan’tstopworrying.（有时原因很明显……其他时候，我们不知道为什么我们不能停止担忧。），可知有时焦虑的原因很明确，有时焦虑的原因无从得知，D选项“有时说不清楚是什么引起焦虑”符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Ifmentalhealthisthestepchildofthehealth-caresystem.”…“thenanxietyisthestepchildofthestepchild.”（“如果心理健康是医疗保健系统的继子。”……“那么焦虑就是继子的继子。”），这里运用打比方的方式阐述心理健康、医疗保健系统和焦虑的关系，重点在于后半段焦虑是心理健康的继子，即焦虑属于心理健康，D选项“焦虑是一种心理健康问题”正确，C选项“心理健康是一个保健问题”不是表达的重点。A选项“心理健康问题被忽视了”和B选项“焦虑的问题被忽视了”：这里没有提到这些问题有没有被忽略。因此D选项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Heidentifiedtwomajorformsofanxiety（他确定了两种主要的焦虑形式），C选项“西格蒙德•弗洛伊德确定了焦虑的类型”正确。根据文章最后一句Unfortunately,hisfollowersweresoobsessedwithhisideasaboutsexdrivesandunresolvedconflictsthatstudiesofthephysicalbasisofanxietylanguished.（不幸的是，他的追随者对他关于性冲动和未解决的冲突的观点过于着迷，以至于对焦虑的生理基础的研究也停滞不前。），可知西格蒙德•弗洛伊德的追随者没有进一步推动他的思想和理论，A选项“西格蒙德•弗洛伊德的思想在追随者中得到了很好的发展”错误；没有明确表示得出B选项“性欲和未解决的冲突可以缓解焦虑”的结论；在焦虑方面的生理研究停滞不前不代表需要进一步研究，D选项“在焦虑的身体方面需要进行更多的研究”错误。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Thetheorythatbusinesscouldoperatetotallywithouttheaidofgovernmenthasprovedtobea（

）.

问题1选项

A.allusion

B.seclusion

C.illusion

D.confusion

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词辨析。allusion“暗示”；seclusion“与世隔绝”；illusion“幻想；错觉”；confusion“混乱；困惑”。句意：认为商业运营能够完全脱离政府援助的这种观点是一种幻想。选项C符合句意。

16.单选题

Themedicinemademedrowsy.

问题1选项

A.sleepy

B.dizzy

C.sad

D.lazy

【答案】A

【解析】drowsy意为昏昏欲睡的。选项A与之意思相近。

17.单选题

ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexplanationseemednotto（

）.

问题1选项

A.getup

B.getalong

C.getacross

D.getdown

【答案】C

【解析】动词短语。getup“起床”；getalong“相处，进展”；getacross“使……被理解”；getdown“从…下来，使沮丧”。句意：尽管我努力解释地足够清楚了，但是我的解释似乎不能被理解。选项C符合题意。

18.写作题

Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordslongaccordingtothefollowinggraph.Youneedtointerpretwhatthegraphtriestoinformandusetheinformationfromthegraphandlogicalanalysistosupportyourfindings.PleasenotethatAJ,Ben,Chuck.Dan,Earl,andFredarenamesof6students.YoumustwriteyourcompositionclearlyontheAnswerSheetprovided.

【答案】SchoolAttendanceandScienceGrades19.单选题

Thestudent,（）atthewaythequestionwasputforward,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.

问题1选项

A.tosurprise

B.surprised

C.surprising

D.tobesurprised

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语“thestudent”和动词“surprise”之间是被动关系，所以本题应该选B选项：surprised。句意：这个学生对问题提出的方式感到惊讶，不知道如何回答。综上所述，B选项正确。

20.单选题

Becausemytoothwasbadlydecayed,thedentisthadto（

）it.

问题1选项

A.extricate

B.exterminate

C.eradicate

D.extract

【答案】D

【解析】句意:因为我的蛀牙很严重,牙医不得不拔掉它。

考查形近词辨析。Extricate使解脱,解救;exterminate消灭,根除;eradicate铲除;extract拔出,拔(牙)。

21.单选题

Amtrak（美国铁路客运公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客运量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat（）.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized（）.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because（）.

问题1选项

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes

问题2选项

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

问题3选项

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

问题4选项

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

问题5选项

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.作者意图题。本文主要讲述了美国铁路客运公司为应对飞机和汽车的竞争所采取的应对策略，Amtrak将焦急的飞行者和旅游爱好者视为目标群体，然后对其进行广告的投放，最终取得一定效果。故作者的意图是强调广告的劝说性功能在改变消费者态度方面的作用。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.然而，时代变了，汽车成为了美国方便的标准。而且，航空旅行很容易就成为长途旅行最快的方法。”可知美国铁路客运量下降主要是由于汽车和飞机的出现，火车不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.它强调了乘坐火车所获得的体验，并将西方火车旅行描述为美妙的冒险。”可知DDBNeedham强调火车旅行的冒险性。故C项正确。

4.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.这些广告被战略性地放置在以家庭为导向的涉及自然和美国的电视节目中，以便最有效地触及目标观众。”可知这些广告投放主要是为了能让目标观众看到，而前面已经提及目标观众是travel-lovers和fliers。故D项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)广告展示了一些更著名的西部路线沿线可以欣赏的美丽风景的图片，并强调了这些火车的浪漫名字（帝国建造者等）。”可知帝国建造者号列车的客流量上升是源于列车的名字和广告中宣称的路线和风景。故A项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

22.单选题

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

问题1选项

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解决的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上瘾的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：尽管有力的证据已经证明尼古丁能让人上瘾，但是烟草公司仍然坚持它是无害的。选项C符合题意。

23.单选题

ByfarthemostimportantUnitedStatesexportproductinthe18and19centurieswascottonfavoredbytheEuropeantextileoverflaxorwoolbecauseitwaseasytoprocessandsofttotouch.Mechanizationofspinningandweavingallowedsignificantcentralizationandexpansioninthetextileindustryduringthisperiodandatthesametimethedemandforcottonincreaseddramatically.AmericanproducerswereabletomeetthisdemandlargelybecauseoftheinventionofthecottonginbyEliWhiteyin1793.CottoncouldbegrownthroughouttheSouth,butseparatingthefiber-orlint--fromtheseedwasalaboriousprocess.Seaislandcottonwasrelativelyeasytoprocessbyhand,becauseitsfiberswerelongandseedswereconcentratedatthebaseoftheflowerbutisdemandedlonggrowingseason,availableonlyalongthenationscasterseacoast.Short-staplecottonrequiredamuchshortergrowingseason,buttheshortnessofthefibersandtheirmixturewithseedsmeantthataworkercouldhand