考研考博-英语-天津理工大学中环信息学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津理工大学中环信息学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（

）themthatIcangetthemon.

问题1选项

A.stretching

B.spreading

C.extending

D.squeezing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stretch“拉长，撑大，伸展”，指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长，侧重“形状的变化”.；B选项spread“伸开”，指建筑，道路和时间等的延伸；C选项extend“延伸”，指在空间或时间上延伸，一般有一个大致的延伸方向；D选项squeeze“挤压”。根据gloves（手套）可知此处表示手套太小了，只有把它们撑大才能戴上，因此选A。句意：手套真的太小了，只有把它们伸展开来，我才能戴上。

2.单选题

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

问题1选项

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娱乐”；symposium“讨论会；座谈会”；penalty“惩罚，处罚”。句意：在过去的十五年来，跑步已经成为了一种流行的消遣方式，不同年龄段共三千万人的参与。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Awayfromtheirprofession,scientistsareinherentlynomorehonestorethicalthanotherpeople.Butintheirprofessiontheyworkinanarenathatputsahigh（）onhonesty.

问题1选项

A.conviction

B.inference

C.caution

D.premium

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配题。putahighpremiumon"髙度重视"。句意：离开他们的职业，科学家本质上并不比其他人更诚实或更有道德。但在他们的职业生涯中，他们是在一个髙度重视诚信的领域里工作的。

4.单选题

Thereisno（）evidencethatthediplomaticrelationswillberestoredtonormalbetweenthesetwocountries.

问题1选项

A.tangible

B.touchable

C.noticeable

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。tangible“切实的”；touchable“可触摸的”；noticeable“显著的”；inevitable“不可避免的”。句意：没有确凿的证据证明这两个国家之间的关系将恢复正常。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

To（）forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.

问题1选项

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。commmence入手；compromise妥协，折中；compensate赔偿；，弥补，抵消；compliment恭维，称赞。由后半句他喝了过多的酒是来消除他不愉快的经历，借酒消愁。故C项正确。

6.单选题

9.

问题1选项

A.Sheisanoddcharacter.

B.Sheisverypick.

C.Sheisveryeasy-going.

D.Sheliesfashion.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Thereisonegirlatmyschoolwhomeverybodypickson.

W:Why?

M:Becauseshedoesn’twearwhateverybodyelsewears.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthegirlinquestion?

【解析】推断题。男士说：Becauseshedoesn’twearwhateverybodyelsewears（她的穿着从来都是与众不同），由此推断她的个性与常人迥异。

7.单选题

Takeataxi,（）you’llmissyourtrain.

问题1选项

A.and

B.if

C.otherwise

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:搭出租车过去，不然你会赶不上火车。

考查连词辨析。Otherwise表示选择和转折的逻辑关系,意为“如果不…，会…”,符合句意。

8.单选题

Please（）fromsmokinguntiltheaeroplaneisairborne.

问题1选项

A.refrain

B.prevent

C.resist

D.restrain

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。refrainfrom克制，抑制，忍住；preventfrom阻止，制止；resist一般与to搭配，意为“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法为restrainsb.fromdoingsth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。这里指克制住抽烟的冲动，所以选项A符合语境。

9.单选题

Whythisotherwiseexcellentnewspaperallowssuchanarticletobeprintedis（

）.

问题1选项

A.aboveme

B.beyondme

C.besideme

D.liptome

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。above“在…之上”；beyond“超过”；beside“在……旁边”；up“在…上方”。句意：我实在无法理解，这份本来很出色的报纸怎么会允许这篇文章被发表出来。beyondsb.超出某人能理解的范围。答案B

10.单选题

Iwouldrather___troubleandhardshiplikethatthan___byothers.

问题1选项

A.hadtakecareof

B.have...takencareof

C.had...takencareof

D.have...betakencareof

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配wouldratherdosth.thandosth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”可知空格处要填入原型，排除A，B，C选项。句意：我宁愿有困难，也不愿被别人照顾。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

EconomyTerrorizedFromWallStreettoMainStreet,Layoffs,Losses,andLittleHopeThepopularwordinbusinessbeforeSeptember11was“visibility”.Companyaftercompanycomplainedabouttheirgloomyfuturebecauseoftheworseningeconomy.Now,though,corporateAmericahasaclearvisionoftheimmediatefuture—andit’snotagoodone.“Theattackhasturnedthebusinessworldupsidedown,”saysDianeSwonk,chiefeconomistatBankOneinChicago.

Companieshavebeenawareofthepossiblelossduetotheterrorattacks.Firmsdirectlyaffectedbythehorror,suchasBoeingandMarriott,warnedoflowerprofits.Airlinelayoffsalonewilltop100,000,pushingsomeanalyststosayasmanyasonemillionworkersmaylosetheirjobsbecauseofthepost-attackrepercussions.OnCapitolHill,LawmakersandtheBushadministrationbeganpreparinganeconomicemergencyresponse.“Thefoundationsofourfreesocietyremainsound,andIamconfidentthatwewillrecoverandprosperaswehaveinthepast,”FederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspantoldCongress.

AchiefexecutiveofFrontierAirlinesinDenverlastweekannounceda20percentflightreductionandlargescalelayoffs.

OnWallStreet,marketstumbledamidthelikelihoodofrecessionandwar:TheDowJonesindustrialaveragefellnearly700pointsMonday.“It’snolongeraboutearningsortheeconomyorinterestratesanymore,”saysMorganStanleymarketstrategistPeterCanelo.“It’saboutfear.”

SomeobserversbelieveWashington’sresponsecouldbeeffectivetopreventfurthereconomydeterioration.“Therecoverycouldbemuchsmootherthanexpectedduetothefiscalandmonetarystimuluswe’reinstorefor,”saysRichardWeiss,chiefinvestmentofficerforCityNationalBank.

RestoringconsumerconfidenceisatoppriorityforGreenspanandCongress,giventhatconsumerspendingaccountsforabouttwothirdsofthenation’stotaloutput.Tothatend,theFedhasbeenfloodingthemarketswithcash.Congress,meanwhile,isawashinplanstospendmoney,drawingdownthe$153billionSocialSecuritysurplus.There’seventalkoffurthertaxcuts.

TheeconomicdevastationoftheworstdisasteronAmericansoilisfarandwide.Lastweek,individualindustriesbegantoestimatetheloss.

Airlines

While“recessionsarebadfortheairlineindustry,terrorismisworse,”saysaseniorvicepresidentataviationconsultantsAvitas.Nowbothareseriousproblemsforairliners,asheavilyindebtedandcash-poorcompaniesareseeingadrasticreductioninbookings.Someplanesareflyinglessthanhalffull.Expertspredictthatthiswillputsomeairlinersoutofbusinessandthetotalindustrylosseswillamountto$10billionbytheendofnextyear.

When—andif—theindustryrecovers,itwillhavebeenfundamentallychanged.Passengersmightfindfewerflightsoverallandlimitedservicetosmallerairports,asairlinesfocusonlarge,profitablehubs(交通枢纽).

Oil

AsU.S.navalforcesheadedoutfromNorfolktowardtheMiddleEast，theoilmarketwasnervousbutfocusedasmuchonrecessionasonthethreatofwar.Crudepricessliddownwardduetothepredictedeconomicslowdownandadropinairtravelwhichwouldreducedemand.Still,withtheprospectofarmedconflictveryreal,analystsseeconsiderableriskofhigherenergyprices,especiallywhenthewarmightinvolveIraq,anoil-producingcountry.

ButMichaelLynchoftheresearchfirmDRI-WEFAsaidthatdespitedecreasingdemand,theterrorattackhadproducedan“uncertaintyeffect”thatwouldpossiblydriveoilpriceshigherintheweeksahead.Lynchsaidthatoilcompaniesandlargeindustrialusersofoilverylikelywouldattempttobuildtheirinventoriesamiduncertainty.

Retailing

Manyshoppersstayedhomeduringtheweekoftheattack.FederatedDepartmentStores，whichownsBloomingdale’sandMacy’s,saidsalesduringtheweekwere$65million,orabout20percent,belowitsforecasts.Otherretailers,includingWal-MartStoresandbookstorechainsBordersGroupandBarnes&Noble,aswellasteenapparelretailerAmericanEagleOutfitters,reportedafastdecreaseinsalesbutsomereboundbylastweekend.“Forthemostpart,salesarestartingtocomeback,butthey’renotwherewewantthemtobe,”saysTracyMullin,presidentoftheNationalRetailFederation.

Consumersalreadyplanningthepurchaseofanewcar,appliance,orotherbig-ticketitemmaygoahead,butforgetthosewhohadonlybeguntothinkaboutbuying,saysMarianFriestad,presidentoftheSocietyforConsumerPsychology.“Thiswouldbeatimewhenpeoplewouldnotbeparticularlyopentochangingtheirpurchasebehaviorortryingnewthings,”shesays.Frivolouspurchases,likeperfumeandfashion,willprobablydecline.

Media

OnMadisonAvenue,advertisingindustryexecutivesestimatedtheirlossesafternearlyaweekwithoutnetworkTVads.Butthatisnotall.ManycompaniesfeltitinappropriatetoadvertiseduringsuchatimeoftragedyandcanceledtheircommercialsonTV.

Thistrendislikelytomeanfurtherlossesforanindustryalreadysufferingfromasharpcutbackinspending.

Already,thesixTVnetworksreportanestimated$320millioninlostasrevenuesduetotheattack.Andfourofthecountry’snewspapergroupswarnedofashortfallinthird-quarterearningsbecauseofcanceledads.

Entertainment

ThemostpressingquestionrightnowiswhatwillhappeninTV,alreadysufferingfromabigdropinadvertising.Althoughthenewseasonhasbeenprettywellpurgedofanyreferencesthatmightbedeemedoffensiveinthewakeoftheattack,thereisseriousdoubtaboutviewers’tastesinthefuture.

Twobig-budgetfilms—BigTroubleandCollateralDamage—wereshelvedindefinitelylastweek.OthermovieswithNewYorkthemeswerepushedback.StillmoreweresimplyscrubbedcleanoftheirreferencestoterrorismandtheWorldTradeCenter.However,theentertainmentindustrymaynotsufferlong-termdamage,withlossesexpectedtoleveloffbythefirstquarterofnextyear,accordingtoanalysts.

Insurance

Alreadystunnedbyaplungeinprofitsandlossesfromstormsinthefirsthalfoftheyear,propertyandcasualtyinsurersnowfaceevenworse.“Allprofitswillbewipedout,”saysananalyst.Despitesomeloss,analystsareconfidentthattheindustrywillbeabletomeettheestimated$30billioninprojectedclaims,alossthatcouldescalateifcostlybusiness-interruptionandpersonalinjuryclaimsaccelerate.

Onethingiscertain:Therewillbehigherratesandmorelimitedcoverageforterroristorwar-relatedevents,especiallyforairlines.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTthepossiblelossduetotheterrorattacksintheU.S.?

9.ThemostimportanttaskfortheBushAdministrationisto____.

10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutairlineslossisWRONG?

11.ThetwoseriousproblemsforAmericanairlinementionedinthepassageare____.

12.Theeffectofthisattackontheoilpriceis____.

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutretailingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

14.Already,thesixTVnetworksreportanestimated____inlostadrevenues.

问题1选项

A.Firmsdirectlyaffectedbythehorrorwillsufferlowerprofits.

B.Onemillionworkersmaylosetheirjobsbecauseofthepost-attackrepercussions.

C.TheDowJonesindustrialaveragefellabout700points.

D.Washingtonalsolosesitsconfidencetopreventfurthereconomydeterioration.

问题2选项

A.estimateanexactloss

B.limitimmigration

C.cuttaxforallthecompanies

D.restoreconsumerconfidence

问题3选项

A.Someairlinesareseeingadrasticreductioninbookings.

B.Someplanesareflyinglessthanhalffull.

C.Thetotalindustrylosseswillreach$10billionbytheendofthisyear.

D.Someairlinerswillbeputoutofbusiness.

问题4选项

A.recessionsandterrorism

B.oilpriceandeconomydepression

C.airlineserviceandsafety

D.layoffsandfinance

问题5选项

A.uncertain

B.slim

C.clear

D.unprecedented

问题6选项

A.Manyshoppersstayedhomeduringtheweekoftheattack.

B.SomeretailersarestilloptimisticabouttheirsalesinthecomingChristmasseason.

C.Someretailersreportedafastdecreaseinsalesbutsomereboundbylastweekend.

D.Suchfrivolouspurchasesasperfumeandfashionwillprobablydecline.

问题7选项

A.$10million

B.$65million

C.$320million

D.$153million

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

【解析】8.事实细节题。题干“根据文章，什么不是恐怖袭击可能给美国造成的损失”，可定位到原文第2段第1句Companieshavebeenawareofthepossiblelossduetotheterrorattacks.（公司已经意识到恐怖袭击可能造成的损失。）A选项“直接受到恐慌影响的公司利润会降低”，可定位到第2段第2句Firmsdirectlyaffectedbythehorror,…,warnedoflowerprofits.（直接受到恐怖袭击影响的公司……都发出了利润下降的警告。）由此可知，A选项是损失，排除；B选项“100万工人可能会因为袭击后的影响而失去工作”，可定位到第2段第3句Airlinelayoffsalonewilltop100,000,pushingsomeanalyststosayasmanyasonemillionworkersmaylosetheirjobsbecauseofthepost-attackrepercussions.（仅航空公司的裁员人数就将超过10万人，因此一些分析人士认为，由于袭击事件的影响，多达100万名员工可能会失去工作。）由此可知，B选项是损失，排除；C选项“道琼斯工业平均指数下跌约700点”，可定位到第4段第1句OnWallStreet,marketstumbledamidthelikelihoodofrecessionandwar:TheDowJonesindustrialaveragefellnearly700pointsMonday.（在华尔街，由于经济衰退和战争的可能性，市场下跌：道琼斯工业平均指数周一下跌近700点。）由此可知，C选项是损失，排除；D选项“华盛顿对防止经济进一步恶化也失去信心”，可定位到第5段最后一句“Therecoverycouldbemuchsmootherthanexpectedduetothefiscalandmonetarystimuluswe’reinstorefor,”saysRichardWeiss,chiefinvestmentofficerforCityNationalBank.（花旗国民银行首席投资官RichardWeiss表示：“由于我们准备采取的财政和货币刺激措施，复苏可能比预期要平稳得多。”）由此可知，政府并未对经济发展失去信心，D符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

9.事实细节题。题干“布什政府最重要的任务是”,可定位到原文第6段第1句RestoringconsumerconfidenceisatoppriorityforGreenspanandCongress…（恢复消费者信心是Greenspan和国会的首要任务……）由此可知，国会即政府最重要的任务是恢复消费者的信心，D选项“重振消费者的信心”表述正确。A选项“估计确切的损失”，可定位到原文第7段最后一句Lastweek,individualindustriesbegantoestimatetheloss.（上周，个别行业开始估算损失。）由此可知，估计损失并不是政府的工作，排除；B选项“限制移民”，原文并未提及，排除；C选项“为所有公司减税”，可定位到原文第6段最后一句There’seventalkoffurthertaxcuts.（甚至还有关于进一步减税的讨论。）由此可知，政府的确有减税的打算，但是，结合本段主旨，政府打算减税是为了恢复消费者的信心，所以减税不是最重要的任务，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

10.事实细节题。题干“下列关于航空公司损失的陈述哪一项是错误的”，可定位到原文Airlines小节。A选项“一些航空公司的预订量大幅减少”，可定位到本小节第1段第2句Nowbothareseriousproblemsforairliners,asheavilyindebtedandcash-poorcompaniesareseeingadrasticreductioninbookings.（如今，这两种情况对航空公司来说都是严重的问题，因为负债累累、现金匮乏的公司的预订量大幅减少。）由此可知，A选项表述正确，排除；B选项“有些飞机的上座率还不到一半”，可定位到本小节第1段第3句Someplanesareflyinglessthanhalffull.（有些飞机的上座率还不到一半。）由此可知，B选项表述正确，排除；C选项“到今年年底，整个行业的损失将达到100亿美元”，可定位到本小节第1段最后一句Expertspredictthat…thetotalindustrylosseswillamountto$10billionbytheendofnextyear.（专家预测，……到明年年底，整个行业的损失将达到100亿美元。）由此可知，选项表述错误，不是今年年底，而是明年年底，该选项符合题意；D选项“一些航空公司将被淘汰”，可定位到本小节第1段最后一句Expertspredictthatthiswillputsomeairlinersoutofbusiness…（专家预测，这将使一些航空公司破产……），由此可知，D选项表述正确，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

11.事实细节题。题干“文中提到的美国航空公司面临的两个严重问题是____”，可定位到原文Airlines小节第1段第1句While“recessionsarebadfortheairlineindustry,terrorismisworse,”saysaseniorvicepresidentataviationconsultantsAvitas.（航空咨询公司Avitas的一位高级副总裁说：“经济衰退对航空业不利，恐怖主义则更糟。”）由此可知，美国航空公司面临的两个严重问题是经济衰退和恐怖主义。A选项“经济衰退和恐怖主义”表述符合题意。B选项“油价和经济萧条”、C选项“航空服务和安全”、D选项“裁员和金融”，原文均未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

12.事实细节题。题干“这次袭击对油价的影响是”，可定位到原文Oil小节。本小节第1段第2句Crudepricessliddownwardduetothepredictedeconomicslowdownandadropinairtravelwhichwouldreducedemand.（由于预期的经济放缓，以及航空旅行的减少导致的原油需求减少，原油价格下跌。）和第1段第3句…analystsseeconsiderableriskofhigherenergyprices,especiallywhenthewarmightinvolveIraq,anoil-producingcountry.（……分析人士认为，能源价格上涨有相当大的可能，尤其是当战争可能涉及石油生产国伊拉克的时候。）综合两句可知，经济放缓和航空公司对原油的需求减少，可能导致原油价格下降，而可能发生在石油生产国的战争会导致原油价格上升，所以这次袭击对油价的影响是不确定的。本节第2段第1句的“uncertaintyeffect（不确定的影响）”以及最后一句里的“amiduncertainty（在不确定的情况下）”都进一步证明了这种影响的不确定性，A选项“不确定的”符合原文。B选项“很小的”、C选项“清楚的”、D选项“空前的”，表述都不正确。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

13.事实细节题。题干“下面哪个关于零售的陈述没有在文章中提到”，可定位到原文Retailing小节。A选项“在袭击发生的那一周，许多购物者都呆在家里”，可定位到本节第1段第1句Manyshoppersstayedhomeduringtheweekoftheattack.（在袭击发生的那一周，许多购物者都待在家里。）选项表述与原文相符，排除；B选项“一些零售商对即将到来的圣诞季的销售仍持乐观态度”可定位到本节第1段最后一句“Forthemostpart,salesarestartingtocomeback,butthey’renotwherewewantthemtobe,”saysTracyMullin,presidentoftheNationalRetailFederation.（“在很大程度上，销售开始回升，但还没有达到我们的预期，”美国零售联合会主席TracyMullin说。）由此可知，虽然销售开始回升，但是还是没有达到预期，无法得出“乐观”的结论。另外原文没有关于圣诞季销售的表述，无从得知零售商们的态度。C选项“一些零售商报告称销售额迅速下降，但上周末有所反弹”，可定位到本届第1段第3句Otherretailers,including…,reportedafastdecreaseinsalesbutsomereboundbylastweekend.（包括……在内的其他零售商的销售额都出现了快速下滑，但上周末出现了一些反弹。）选项表述与原文相符，排除；D选项“诸如香水和时尚等无关紧要的商品的购买可能会减少”，可定位到本节第2段最后一句Frivolouspurchases,likeperfumeandfashion,willprobablydecline.（诸如香水和时尚之类无关紧要的商品的消费可能会减少。）选项表述与原文相符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

14.事实细节题。题干“六家电视网络已经报道了估计____的广告收入损失”，可定位到原文Media小节第3段第1句Already,thesixTVnetworksreportanestimated$320millioninlostasrevenuesduetotheattack.（六家电视网已经报告说，这次攻击造成的收入损失估计为3.2亿美元。）C选项“3.2亿美元”符合原文。A选项“1000万美元”、B选项“6500万美元”、D选项“1.53亿美元”表述不正确。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

12.单选题

Thecountry’sdeficitthatyear（）toarecord169.8billiondollars.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.soured

C.sored

D.sourced

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项soared“飙升，骤然上升”；B选项soured“发酵，厌烦”；C选项sored“弄伤”；D选项sourced“发动，寻找来源”。句意：该国当年的赤字_____创纪录的1698亿美元。这里表达的是“当年的赤字飙升至……”，因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Thecaptainperformshisdutieswithgreat_______andallthecrewbelievedthattheycangetoverthestorm.

问题1选项

A.affection

B.suspicion

C.assurance

D.definition

【答案】C

【解析】affection喜爱,影响;suspicion怀疑;assurance确信,断言,withassurance指有把握地,自信地;definition定义。句意：船长信心十足地履行着他的职责，所有的船员都相信他们能够战胜暴风雨。选项C符合句意。

14.单选题

Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.

AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.

Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.

InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNorth-easternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.

Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.

TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.

Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.

Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.

1.Thestudypublishedinthejournal.Natureindicatesthat（）.

2.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS（）.

3.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?

4.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferred,fromthelastparagraphthatscientists（）.

问题1选项

A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults

B.leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease

C.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected

D.theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow

问题2选项

A.wasdiscouraged

B.wasenforcedbylaw

C.wasprohibitedbylaw

D.wasintroduced

问题3选项

A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.

B.Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.

C.BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.

D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.

问题4选项

A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected

B.leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwith

C.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS

D.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions

问题5选项

A.arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution

B.feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline

C.stillconsiderleadpollution,aproblem

D.lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段"AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland."最近发表在《自然》（Nature）杂志上的一项研究表明，美国通过空气传播的含铅气体排放是导致格陵兰雪中铅含量高的主要原因。可知该研究表明美国是到导致北极雪中铅污染的主要来源。D项正确。B项与“AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.”不符。AC两项内容与该研究无关。答案D。

细节事实题。根据题干定位到第一段“InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.”在《清洁空气法》强制要求美国使用无铅气体的二十年里，全世界的铅积累量已显著下降。可知对美国使用无铅气体是法律的强制要求。B项正确。

判断推理题。根据题干定位到文中第三段“Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.”“在他的新研究中，布隆博士发现美国使用的含铅汽油中不同形式的铅的比例与欧洲、亚洲和加拿大的汽油不同，因此科学家能够区分铅的来源。在格陵兰雪中发现的主要铅含量与在美国汽油中发现的铅含量相当。”由此可知科学家通过将美国含铅汽油中的化学成分与其他国家的对比，找到了格林兰雪中铅的来源。D项正确。

细节事实题。由题干定位到倒数第二段“Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.森林环境处理和重新分配铅的速度比科学家预期的要快。”可知A项正确。

判断推理题。由最后一段“Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.科学家们说，这两项研究都表明，生态系统的某些部分对大气污染的减少做出了迅速反应，但这些发现不应被用作污染的许可证。”可知虽然大气污染减少后，生态系统也作出了相应快速积极的反应，但是科学家仍然认为不能抱有侥幸心理，应该仍然控制污染。故C项正确。

15.单选题

Petroleumisnature’s______ofthehydrocarbon—remainsofmanyformsofmarinelife.

问题1选项

A.component

B.composition

C.composite

D.complication

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项component“组成部分，成分，组件”，B项composition“作文，作曲，作品”，C项composite“复合材料，合成物”，D项complication“并发症，复杂，复杂化”。根据句子空格处部分的意思“石油是自然界的……碳氢化合物”可知，空格处填入“合成物”最符合语境。句意：石油是自然界中多种海洋生物残留的碳氢化合物的合成物。因此，该题选择C项正确。

16.单选题

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale（

）accordingtoastudy.

问题1选项

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。

句意：根据一项研究，女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。

17.单选题

Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble______constructedstonewalls.

问题1选项

A.reversibly

B.elaborately

C.spontaneously

D.concurrently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项reversibly“可逆地”；B选项elaborately“精巧地；苦心经营地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；D选项concurrently“同时地；兼营；兼任地；并发地”。句意：鲍鱼壳的坚固是由另一种生物魔法造成的，在高倍显微镜下，它就像精心建造的石墙。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Theworkloadcanbeevenedout,insteadoftheshophavingbusytimesand（

）periods.

问题1选项

A.prosperous

B.memorable

C.discrete

D.slack

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；memorable“难忘的，值得纪念的”；discrete“离散的，不连续的”；slack“松弛的，萧条的”。句意：工作量可以均衡分配，这样商店就不会有旺季和淡季之分。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

WhenIsaidgoodbyetoher,she______thedoor.

问题1选项

A.sawmeat

B.setmeoff

C.sentmeto

D.showedmeto

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项seemeat没有这个结构，B项setsb.off“使某人开始做某事”，C项sendsb.to“把某人送到某地”，D项showsb.tothedoor“把某人送到门口”。结合句子的意思可知D项符合语境。句意：当我向她说再见时，她把我送到门口。因此，该题选择D项正确。

20.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Fewofuscanignorechangesinourimmediateenvironment.

B.Itisimpossibleforustobeimmunefromoutsideinfluence.

C.Fewofuscanremainunawareofwhathappensaroundus.

D.Itisimportantforustokeepintouchwithourownworld.

问题2选项

A.Makeuphismindtostartalloveragain.

B.Stopmakingunfairjudgementsofothers.

C.Trytofindamoreexcitingjobsomewhereelse.

D.Recognisethenegativeimpactofhiscoworkers.

问题3选项

A.Theyarequitesusceptibletosuicide.

B.Theyimprovepeople’squalityoflife.

C.Theysufferagreatdealfromillhealth.

D.Theyhelppeoplesolvementalproblems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

Weareverysusceptibletotheinfluenceofthepeoplearoundus.Forinstance,youmayhaveknownsomebodywhohasgoneoverseasforayearorsoandhasreturnedwithanaccentperhaps.Webecomepartofourimmediateenvironment.[19]Noneofusareimmunetotheinfluencesofourownworldandletusnotkidourselvesthatweareuntouchedbythethingsandthepeopleinourlife.Fredgoesofftohisnewjobatafactory.Fredtakeshisten-minutecoffeebreak,buttheotherworkerstakeahalf-an-hour.Fredsays,“What’sthematterwithyouguys?”Twoweekslater,Fredistakingtwenty-minutebreaks.Amonthlater,Fredtakeshishalf-hour.Fredissaying,“Ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.WhyshouldIworkanyharderthanthenextguy?”

Thefascinatingthingaboutbeinghumanisthatgenerallyweareunawarethattherearechangestakingplaceinourmentality.Itislikereturningtothecity’ssmogaftersomeweeksinthefreshair.Onlythendowerealizethatwehavebecomeaccustomedtothenastysmells.Mixwithcriticalpeople,andwelearntocriticize.Mixwithhappypeople,andwelearnabouthappiness.Whatthismeansisthatweneedtodecidewhatwewantfromlifeandthenchooseourcompany,accordingly.Youmaywellsay,“Thatisgoingtotakesomeeffort.Itmaynotbecomfortable.Imayoffendsomeofmypresentcompany.”Right,butitisyourlife.[20]Fredmaysay,“I’malwaysbroke,frequentlydepressed.I’mgoingnowhere,andIneverdoanythingexciting.”ThenwediscoverthatFred’sbestfriendsarealwaysbroke,frequentlydepressed，goingnowhereandwishingthatlifewasmoreexciting.Thisisnotcoincidence,norisitourbusinesstostandinjudgmentofFred.However,ifFredeverwantstoimprovehisqualityoflife,[20]thefirstthinghe’llneedtodoisrecognizewhathasbeengoingonalltheseyears.

[21]It’snosurprisethatdoctorsasaprofessionsufferalotofillhealthbecausetheyspendtheirlivesaroundsickpeople.Psychiatristshaveahigherincidenceofsuicideintheirprofessionforrelatedreasons.Traditionally,nineoutoftenchildrenwhoseparents’smoke,smokethemselves.Obesityisinpartanenvironmentalproblem.Successfulpeoplehavesuccessfulfriends,andsothestorygoeson.

19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutusashumanbeings?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话人提出的关于人类的观点是什么？说话人说到，我们谁也不能不受我们所在世界的影响，B选项“人不受外界影响是不可能的”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“很少人能忽略我们自身所在环境的变化”和C选项“很少人能忽略我们身边发生的事情”都是强调人们察觉到外界环境的变化，但录音中主要讲的是我们很少会意识到自己心态上的变化，因此A选项和C选项可排除；D选项“保持和世界的联系很重要”不属于说话人的观点，因此也可排除。

20.WhatdoesthespeakersayFredshoulddofirsttoimprovehisqualityoflife?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话人认为Fred先得做什么才能提高生活质量？录音中提及如果Fred想要改善他的生活质量，他首先需要做的是认识到这些