考研考博-英语-天津滨海职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津滨海职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thepeoplewillrebeliftheyfeelthattheyareexcluded（

）sharingthewealthofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.out

B.by

C.from

D.without

【答案】C

【解析】考察短语搭配。beexcludedfrom“从······中被排除”是固定搭配。选项C符合题意。句意：如果他们觉得自己被排除在国家财富分享之外，人民就会起来反抗。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

问题1选项

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound详细说明,解释;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend领会,理解;unriddle阐明。句意：你可以拒绝透露你的社会保险号，除非是出于社会保障的目的，这是法律的规定。选项B符合句意。

3.翻译题

爱因斯坦（Einstein）曾把一位著名科学家的创造力归因为“他没上过学，因此保留了能自由思考的能力。”看起来爱因斯坦好像是在批评学校教育。实际上学校的功能是传授知识和文明，而不只是培养天才。如果学校只传授知识，就会破坏创造力和天才。但是，如果一个社会里都是天才，它就会解体。所以，学校教育要培养社会所需的各个层次的人才。

【答案】Einsteinonceascribedthecreativityofafamousscientisttothat“hehasneverwenttotheschool,sohecouldretaintheabilityofthought.”Itseemsthathewascriticizingtheschooleducation.Infact,thefunctionofschoolisnotcultivatinggeniusesbutimpartingknowledgeandadvancingcivilization.Ifschoolisjustaplacetoimpartknowledge,people’screativityandtalentwillberuined.However,asocietyinwhichpeoplearealltalentwouldbebrokendown.So,schooleducationshouldraiseall-levelgeniusesthatthesocietyneeds.

4.单选题

Artthatenduresoftenmakesaninitiallydisturbingimpact:theprofoundexperiencethatsuchartseekstoprovokenecessarilyengendersacertain（

）.

问题1选项

A.familiarity

B.ennui

C.upheaval

D.intimacy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。familiarity“熟悉，精通”；ennui“厌倦，无聊，倦怠”；upheaval“剧变，动乱”；intimacy“亲密，亲昵行为”。句意：忍耐的艺术通常产生原发性地让人烦恼的冲击效果：这种艺术试图引起的深刻经验必然产生一种错乱。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

（

）mycolleagueandmyself,I’dliketogiveawarmwelcometoyouall.

问题1选项

A.Onbehalfof

B.Onaccountof

C.Inplaceof

D.Inmemoryof

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我代表我的同事和自己，向你们表示热烈的欢迎。

考查短语辨析。onbehalfof代表,为了;onaccountof因为;inplaceof代替;inmemoryof纪念…。因此A符合句意。

6.写作题

YouaresupposedtowriteanotetoMr.PeterKelly,whoisavisitingprofessoratyourdepartment,askinghimtoarrangeatimetodiscusstheoutlineofyourpaper.

1.Thenoteshouldbeginwith“Professor...”;

2.Thenoteshouldendwith“ZhangPing”;

3.Thenoteshouldgiveabriefintroductiontoyourpaper,suchasthetopicandmajorpoints.

【答案】DearProfessorPeterKelly,

IlearnfromthedeanofourdepartmentthatyouareanexpertinITcultureandyouarenowavisitingprofessoratourComputerDepartment.Thedeansaysthatyouarekind-heartedandalwaysreadytohelpothersandhetellsmetocomeintocontactwithyou.

TodayIamwritingthisnotetoaskyouwhetheritisconvenientforyoutoarrangeatimeforbothofustodiscusstheoutlineofmyresearchpaper.Beforeourmeeting,Ishouldliketointroducetheoverallstructureofmyresearchpapertoyoubriefly.ItstitleisTheInformationExplosioninthe21stCentury,Itconsistsoffourparts:PartOnegivesanobjectiveaccountofthepresentsituationofinformationexplosion.PartTwoisabouttheproponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartThreeisabouttheopponents’viewpointsoninformationexplosion.PartFourmakesapresentationofmyownviewpointsontheinformationexplosioninthenewcentury.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovemyresearchpaper.

Yoursrespectfully

ZhangPing

7.单选题

Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.

问题1选项

A.dashed

B.filed

C.strolled

D.swarmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。flockinto表示“大批地涌进，成群结队涌到”；A项dash“猛冲，匆忙”，B项file“提出（申请），把……归档”，C项stroll“散步，闲逛”，D项swarm“成群来回移动，蜂拥而至”。句意：成千上万的人离开农村，涌入城市，住在新工厂旁边。根据句意可知，该题D项正确。

8.单选题

Onhiswanderingshe's（）Spanish,Italian,FrenchandasmatteringofRussian.

问题1选项

A.wokenup

B.takento

C.pickedup

D.cometo

【答案】C

【解析】wokenup醒来，开始警觉；takento开始从事，喜欢；pickedup学会，获得，捡起；cometo回到现实。句意：他在旅途中学会了西班牙语、意大利语、法语和一点俄语。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

问题1选项

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

问题2选项

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

问题3选项

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

问题4选项

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一个阶段，每个问题的各方都援引了《法治》，最终以大法官史蒂文斯在布什诉戈尔案中提出的著名异议告终），结合法律知识，此处的异议是指案外人对执行标的提出不同的意见，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数人的意见，A选项“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数法官的意见”和原文不符，同时可知D选项“辩论的每一阶段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（许多读者会记得2000年佛罗里达选举失败时的情形……）可知2000年正在进行总统选举，B选项“2000年是总统选举举行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（尽管我们可能永远无法完全确定今年总统选举的赢家是谁，但输家的身份是非常清楚的。这是国家对法官作为法治公正监护人的信任）可知C选项“法官们知道谁是选举中的失败者”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.（干涉法庭、在没有法律依据的情况下监禁某人、在没有正当程序保障的情况下拘留人、为党派利益操纵宪法——所有这些都被视为对法治的滥用）可知A选项“让法院决定总统选举的最终结果”，B选项“在没有任何正当程序保障的情况下逮捕某人”，D选项“未经法庭审判就把某人关进监狱”属于对《法治》的滥用，A选项属于为党派利益操纵宪法，法院不能直接决定总统选举的结果。C选项“针对特定案件向法院下达命令的政府机构”不属于原文所提到的对《法治》的滥用。因此C选项正确。

53.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第三段IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.（我还认为，我们对《法治》的理解不仅应强调既定的、确定的规则的价值和它们使之成为可能的可预测性，而且还应强调法律实践的程序和辩论方面的重要性）可知作者认为对《法治》的理解还应该强调实体和程序两个方面，选B选项“对法治的理解应该强调实体和程序两个方面”，同时可知D选项“法律是既定的，确定的规则”不符合原文，原文只是说不仅应该强调既定的，确定的规则，不能过度推测出法律是既定的，确定的规则；A选项“学者们对法治的理解是正确的”和C选项“当人们试图解释什么是法律时，他们谈论的是法治”第三段未涉及，排除。因此B选项正确。

54.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第四段ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.（当我们至少部分地从程序性和辩论性的主题来理解《法治》时，要比单纯地从确定性和可预见性来理解法治时，更容易理解法治与法律概念之间的联系）可知选A选项“人们应该至少从程序和辩论主题的角度看《法治》”，同时可知B选项“法治应该纯粹从确定性和可预见性的角度来看待”和原文相悖，以及C选项“更容易把握法治与法律概念之间的联系”不完整；第四段andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.（而对法律制度的理解，既强调法庭上的辩论，也强调规则的存在和承认，为更丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础）可知同时强调法庭上的辩论和规则的存在能帮助对法律制度的理解，而对法律制度的理解为了丰富地理解法治在现代政治辩论中所包含的价值提供了基础，D选项“将法律理解为规则和法庭上使用的规则有助于理解《法治》”和原文有偏差，排除。因此A选项正确。

10.写作题

Doyouthinkpeopleshouldbuythingsmadeintheirowncountry,evenwhenthepriceishigherthanthesamethingsmadesomewhereelse?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.

【答案】

PeopleShouldChoosetheProductsTheyWouldLiketoBuy11.单选题

This（）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferrice.

问题1选项

A.examination

B.survey

C.inspection

D.test

【答案】B

【解析】近义词辨析。examination考试；survey调查；inspection检查；test试验。句意：这项调查是为了看看有多少人更喜欢米饭。选项B符合语境。

12.单选题

Thefirststrokeguidelinestospecificallytargetwomen（）preventionearlierinlifeandrecognizeuniquefemalerisksforthedisorder,includingpregnancyandbirthcontrolpills.

问题1选项

A.neglect

B.avoid

C.emphasize

D.admire

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。neglect忽视；avoid避免；emphasize强调；admire钦佩，赞美。由“andrecognize…认识到女性患这种疾病的独特风险”可知___preventionearlierinlife也是积极性的内容，C项符合句意。句意：第一份针对早期预防女性中风的指南强调女性应该早期预防，并认识到女性患中风的独特风险，包括怀孕和避孕药。

13.翻译题

OnthefirstdayoftheUSfederalgovernmentshutdown,aCalifornianresidentmaynotyetfeeltheimpact,butmanyChinesetouristsareunhappyandtheirtourguidesnervous.TonyLuhasrunatravelagencyinLosAngelesfor20years.FourtouristgroupsfromChina’smainlandorganizedbyhisagencyarecurrentlytravellingaroundtheUnitedStates.Theyaresufferingdifferentkindsofimpactfromthefederalgovernmentshutdown,whichledtothecloseof401nationalparks,Smithsonian’s19museumsandgalleriesandtheNationalZoo.“Comparedtothe1995-1996shutdown,thistimeismoreserioustous.WerunmostlyChinesemarketbusinessandtherearemanymoreChinesetouristsgroupsnowthan17yearsago,”hesaid.

“Ourclientsarecomplaining.ThetourguidesexplainedtothemthateventheUSPresidentBarackObamacannotsolvetheproblemimmediately,”hesaid.Someofthegroupshavetochangetheiritineraries(行程)astheycannotenterYellowstoneNationalParkortheLincolnMemorial,norcantheyhaveacloselookoftheStatueofLiberty,allofwhichareamongthemostpopulartourismsites.

AccordingtoNationalParkServices,thenationalparkshaveabout715,000visitorsperdayonaverageinOctober.Butnow,visitorsarebeingturnedaway.

Althoughthere’snofigureyetofhowmanyChinesetouristsareaffectedbytheshutdown,someareexpressingtheirsadnessonline.“Iwanttocry,”wroteMsHetoherWeChat(微信)friends.ShehadbeenlookingforwardtohersightseeingtriptotheUSforalongtime.

Butsoonaftershelanded,shelearnedthattheStatueofLiberty,LincolnMemorialandmanyothertouristattractionsonherlistwouldbeclosed.

“NobodywillgiveanycompensationtotheseChinesetourists.TheSenateandtheCongresswilldefinitelynot,”saidLu,“Andwehavetodomoretomakethemfeelbetter,suchasexplainingthesituationtothemandhelpingsomeofthemmodifytheirtravelplans.Hopefullythefederalgovernmentshutdownendssoon.”

Nearly1.5millionChinesetraveledtotheUSlastyear,accordingtotheOfficeofTravelandTourismIndustriesoftheUSDepartmentofCommerce.

ChinesecompaniesdoingbusinessintheUSmayalsobeaffectedifthefederalregulatoryagenciesandotherservicesdonotresumeworksoon.

【答案】美国联邦政府关门第一天，一个加利福尼亚的居民可能觉得没有影响，但许多中国游客却不开心，他们的导游也很紧张。托尼•鲁在洛杉矶经营一家旅行社20年。由他的旅行社接待的来自中国大陆的四个旅游团目前正在周游美国。他们正因联邦政府关门而遭受着不同程度的影响，联邦政府关门导致了401个国家公园、史密森尼的19家博物馆和画廊以及国家动物园的关闭。“相比1995-1996年的关门，这次对我们来说更严重。我们主要经营中国市场业务，和17年前相比，现在有更多的中国游客群，”他说。

“我们的客户在抱怨。导游解释说就连美国总统奥巴马也不能立即解决问题，”他说。

因为他们不能进入黄石国家公园或林肯纪念堂，也不能近距离观察自由女神像，一些旅行团不得不改变行程。而所有景点这些都列在最受欢迎的旅游网站上。

据国家公园的服务中心，在10月国家公园平均每天有715000名游客。但是现在，游客却遭到拒绝。

虽然还没有数据显示有多少中国游客受关闭影响，但一些人在线表达了他们的伤心。“我想哭，”何女士在微信上写给她朋友。她期待着她的美国观光之旅很长时间了。

但她下飞机不久后，她了解到她清单上的自由女神像、林肯纪念堂和许多其他旅游景点将被关闭。

“没人会给这些中国游客任何补偿。参议院和国会绝对不会，”托尼•鲁说，“我们必须做更多的工作来让他们觉得好一点，比如向他们解释情况，帮助他们中的一些人修改他们的旅行计划。希望联邦政府关门这件事很快结束。”

根据旅游局和美国商务部的旅游机构，去年有大约150万中国人前往美国。

如果联邦监管机构和其他服务没有很快恢复工作的话，在美国经商的中国公司也可能受到影响。

14.单选题

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

1.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat（）

2.Theword“bummer”(Line4.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething（）.

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising（）.

4.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves（）

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.

B.artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.

C.artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.

D.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.

问题2选项

A.unpleasant

B.religious

C.entertaining

D.commercial

问题3选项

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart

B.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

C.replacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

问题4选项

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms.

问题5选项

A.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.

D.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是：作者以诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔为例，意在说明什么？根据关键词“WordsworthandBaudelaire”定位到第二段最后一句Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.（但是在19世纪的某个时候，越来越多的艺术家开始认为幸福是平淡的、虚假的，或者更糟糕的是，令人厌烦的，这点可以从威廉•华兹华斯的《水仙花》到波德莱尔把鲜花描述为邪恶的转变之中看出。）本段前面的内容还提及“最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，是最适合表达快乐的”，前后形成对比构成了转折关系，作者是想表达艺术家们改变了他们的关注点，过去的艺术形式是表达幸福和快乐，现在是虚假的幸福。所以选项C正确。

2.词义推断题。题目问的是：下面哪一个词与“bummer”意思相近？根据题干信息定位到第五段最后两句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（在西方的大众传媒和教育普及之前，最强大的传播媒介就是教堂，它提醒信徒，他们的灵魂处于危险之中，他们总有一天会成为蠕虫的食物。考虑到这一切，他们并不需要自己的艺术也成为一个失败者。）关键词在于“too”，由此可推测“bummer”的意思与上一句有关联，表示的是消极负面的意义，所以选项A与之意思最为接近。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者认为广告是怎样的？根据第六段的倒数第二句Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.（而且，由于这些信息都有一个目的——引诱我们打开钱包——它们使幸福的概念看起来并不可靠。）由此可知，B选项“制造幸福的幻觉，而不是幸福本身”正确。

4.判断推理题。题目问的是：我们可以从最后一段了解到，作者相信什么？根据本段的最后一句It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（这——指的是反幸福的艺术——是一个比丁香香烟更苦涩的信息，但不知怎的，却是一股新鲜空气。）由此可知，B选项与原文表述一致，所以正确。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是：下列哪一个选项是正确的？A选项：大众媒体倾向于报道灾难和死亡；B选项：艺术提供了期望和现实之间的平衡；C选项：人们对道德的现实感到失望；D选项：宗教曾起到提醒痛苦的作用。选项A、B、C在原文均没有信息提及，只有D选项在原文最后一段提及，所以选项D正确。

15.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Shehasdevelopedallergies.

B.Shedoesn’tknowwhatallergiesare.

C.Shedoesn’thaveanyallergies.

D.Shehasallergiestreatedalready.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Howaboutallergies?

W:NotthatI’mawareof.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】对话中男士问女士过敏情况怎么样了，女士说不是认为的那样，即她没过敏。

16.单选题

We’veseena(n)

(

)

trendofconsumerssayingtheywillspendmore,fromholidayshoppingto2012travelplans,andspendingplansforFeb.14arenoexception.

问题1选项

A.consistent

B.persistent

C.insistent

D.resistant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近形容词辨析。consistent“前后一致的；坚持的“；persistent”固执的；坚持的“；insistent”坚持的；迫切的；显著的“；resistant”反抗的；顽固的“。句意：从假日购物到2012年的旅游计划，我们已经看到消费者将增加消费的……倾向，2月14日的消费计划也不例外。按照句意，A选项符合，指这种消费倾向保持一致。

17.翻译题

Earlymenwerealsogreatlyinterestedinthestarstheysawtwinklingintheskyatnight.Whattheydidnotrealizewasthatthestarswerealsopresentduringthedaytime,buttheirlightwasnotvisiblebecauseofthebrillianceofthesun.Howdidtheydiscoverthis?

Thereisoneeventwhichdoesenableustoseethestarsinthedaytime.Itisthetotaleclipseofthesun(日全食),whenthemoonpassesinfrontofthesunandhidesitfromview.Whenthishappens,theskybecomesdarkenoughforthestarstobeseen.Totaleclipsesofthiskinddonotoccurveryoftenandarenotlikelytobeseenfromthesameareamorethanonceeveryfifty-fouryears.Onecanimaginewhatanawe-inspiringsightitmusthavebeenforanearlyman,whowouldremembertheeventfortherestofhislife.

Somanwatchedthemovementsofthesun,themoonandthestarsandwonderedaboutthem.Itwaspracticingtheoldestbranchofscience—astronomy.

【答案】古人也对夜晚所见天空中闪烁的群星怀有浓厚的兴趣。他们还知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不见它们闪光，因为太阳光太强了。人们怎么会发现这一点的呢？

只有一种情况让我们在白天看见星星，那就是日全食。月亮走到太阳前面，把它遮住。这时天空变暗，便可看见星星了。这种日全食并不常见，同一个地区也许每隔五十四年只会碰上一次。我们可以想象，对于古人来说，这该是一种多么令人心惊胆颤的景象啊，他们一生永远也不会忘记。

人类就是这样观察太阳，月亮和星体的运动，并产生疑问的，人们在思考它们是什么，以及它们在干什么的时候，其实就是在从事对科学的最古老的学科——天文学的研究。

18.单选题

Workersinthiscountryaregettinghigherwageswhileturningoutpoorproductsthatdonot______thetestofinternationalcompetition.

问题1选项

A.keepupwith

B.standupto

C.complywith

D.attendto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项keepupwith“赶得上”；B选项standupto“经得起；抵抗”；C选项complywith“遵守”；D选项attendto“照料；致力于”。句意：该国工人们拿着更高的工资，但他们生产的产品却不能______国际竞争的考验。根据语境，B选项standupto“经得起；抵抗”搭配test“考验”比较合理，意指产品质量低劣，符合题意。因此B选项正确。

19.单选题

Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing（）byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.heldforth

C.heldon

D.heldout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项heldback“阻碍”；B选项heldforth“提供”；C选项heldon“坚持”；D选项heldout“伸出”。句意：许多女性仍然感到男性文化阻碍了她们的发展，尤其是在专业服务领域。本句表示男性文化阻碍了女性的发展，因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

Hethinksthatmethodisprevalent.

问题1选项

A.advanced

B.common

C.difficult

D.old-fashioned

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中prevalent表示“普遍发生的；盛行的”；A选项advanced“先进的；高级的”；B选项common为“共同的，常见的，普遍的”；C选项difficult为“困难的，艰难的”；D选项old-fashioned为“老式的，过时的”。因此，正确答案是B项。句意：他认为这个方法很普遍。

21.单选题

Heistheauthorofthisnovelwithhigh（）inthecountry.

问题1选项

A.coherence

B.prestige

C.consequence

D.commitment

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意：他是这本小说的作者，在这个国家有很高的（）。coherence统一，连贯性；prestige声望，名望；consequence结果，推论，重要性；commitment承诺，委托。因此，B项符合句意。

22.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Unlesswegivepartofourselvesaway,unlesswecanlivewithotherpeopleandunderstandthemandhelpthem,wearemissingthemostessentialpartofourownhumanlives.Thereareasmanyroadstotheattainmentofwisdomandgoodnessastherearepeoplewhoundertaketowalkthem.Thereareasmanysolidtruthsonwhichwecanstandastherearepeoplewhocansearchthemoutandwhowillstandonthem.Thereareasmanyideasandidealsastherearemenofgoodwillwhowillholdthemintheirmindsandactthemintheirlives.

【答案】除非我们乐于奉献，除非我们能够与人们一起生活并帮助他们，否则我们的人生就失去了最重要的意义。世间有多少行路者，通往善良与智慧的途径就有多少。世间有多少真理，就有多少探索、坚持真理的人。有多少信念与理想，就有多少仁人志士在生活中奉行并实现它们。

23.单选题

ThesinglebusinessofHenryThoreau,duringforty-oddyearsofeageractivitywastodiscoveraneconomycalculatedtoprovideasatisfyinglife.Hisoneconcern,whichgavetohisramblingsinConcordfieldsavalueofhighadventure,wastoexplorethetruemeaningofwealth.Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.Thefirstwasquiteimpossible—toimprisononeselfinatreadmillwhenthemorningcalledtogreatadventure.Toexploitone’sfellowsseemedtoThoreau’ssensitivesocialconscienceanevengreaterinfidelity.Freedomwithabstinenceseemedtohimbetterthanserfdomwithmaterialwell-being,andhewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.Thestoryofhisemancipationfromthelowereconomicsistheoneromanceofhislife,andWaldenishisgreatbook.ItisabookinpraiseofliferatherthanofNature,arecordofcalculatingeconomicsthatstudiedsavinginordertospendmorelargely.Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,inspiteofitsexplicitdenialofsuchapurpose.Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,thatthecostofathingistheamountoflifethatisrequiredinexchangeforit,immediatelyorinthelongrun.InWaldenThoreauelaboratedthetext:Theonlywealthislife.

1.ThoreaustartedanexperimentatWaldenPondwiththehopeof（

）.

2.ToThoreauthebestsolutiontotheproblemofeconomicsis（

）.

3.Thoreauholdsthatthecrucialthingforpeopletodoisto（

）.

4.InthebookWaldenallofthefollowingcanbefoundexcept（

）.

5.Thoreau’sattitudetowardsocietycanbestbecharacterizedasoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.learninghowtolivequietly

B.writingabookonphilosophy

C.discoveringwhathumanscanlearnfromnature

D.workingoutthebestadjustmenttomateriallife.

问题2选项

A.toliveaverysimplelife

B.tobecomeself-sufficient

C.toliveinthecountry

D.toreformthesociety

问题3选项

A.haveabetterunderstandingofwhatlifemeans

B.liveharmoniouslywithnature

C.tosaveasmuchasonepossiblycan

D.tolivealifethatoneiscontentwith

问题4选项

A.thenatureofeconomy

B.themeaningoffreedom

C.thecriticismofsociety

D.Ruskin’sphilosophy

问题5选项

A.acceptance

B.avoidance

C.indifference

D.individualism

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“WaldenPond”定位到文中“...hewas