考研考博-英语-台州科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-台州科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inthe________ofdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology,manhasbecomemorecapableofconqueringnature.

问题1选项

A.event

B.search

C.wake

D.future

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.event事件，活动B.search搜索，搜寻

C.wake尾流，航迹D.future未来，将来

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由“morecapableofconqueringnature（征服自然的能力越来越强）”可知，前半句是在介绍这种能力变强的原因。通常来说，人类是通过科技来征服自然的，所以随着科技的发展，征服自然的能力会越来越强。inthewakeof是固定搭配，意为“随……之后而来，跟随在……后”，因此C选项wake“尾流，航迹”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项event“事件，活动”，intheeventof指万一、如果发生了某事，由“hasbecome（已经变得）”可知，科学技术的发展是已经发生的，而不是假设的情况，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

B选项search“搜索，搜寻”，inthesearchof指寻找某事物，不能和“developmentsinscienceandtechnology（科技发展）”进行搭配；

D选项future“未来，将来”，inthefutureof指对于某事物的未来，由“hasbecome（已经变得）”可知，科学技术的发展是已经发生的，而不是未来的事，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】随着科学技术的发展，人类征服自然的能力也越来越强了。

2.单选题

Mosttraditionalfolksongsareofanonymousorigin.

问题1选项

A.insignificant

B.inconspicuous

C.unusual

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。anonymous表示“匿名的，无名的”；A项insignificant“无关紧要的”，B项inconspicuous“不起眼的，不引起注意的”，C项unusual“不寻常的，与众不同的”，D项unknown“未知的”。句意：大多数的传统民间歌曲的作者都无从得知。根据句意该题选D。

3.单选题

Plato’sRepublichasbeenthesourceofgreatconsternation,especiallyinliterarycircles,foritsattackonthepoets.Socratesinfactassertsthattheyshouldhavenoplaceintheidealstate.EricHavelocksuggeststhatthereareseveralmisunderstandingsinthisregard,andinhisPrefacetoPlatoheidentifiestheissues,andexplainsthehistoricalcontext.

HavelockopenshisdiscussionbysuggestingthattheverytitleoftheRepublicisthesourceofmuchconfusion.Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.Theothertwo-thirdscoveravarietyofsubjects,butthethrustofPlato’sargumentamountstoanattackonthetraditionalGreekapproachtoeducation.

Theeducationalmethodsstillinuseinthe4thcenturyBChadtheiroriginsinwhathasbeencalledtheGreekDarkAgebeginningaround1200BCwhentheMycenaeaneracollapsed.Verylittleisknownaboutthewhysandwhereforesofthiscollapse,butitwasn’tuntilaround700BCthatthePhoenicianalphabetbegantobeadoptedandusedintheGreek-speakingworld.Duringtheinterveningcenturies,allknowledgeconcerningGreekhistory,culture,moresandlawswereorallytransmitteddownthroughthegenerations.Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.TheepicformweseeinHomer’sIliadgrewoutoftheneedtopreservetheGreekculturalmemory.HavelocktakesthereaderthroughBook1ofTheIliadanddissectsitin

detailtoshowhowthiscultural,historicalandethicalheritagewasconveyed.TheIliadtakesonnewandsignificantmeaningtothereaderofthisminuteexamination.

TheIliadandpresumablyotherpoeticvehiclesweretaughttochildrenfromanearlyage.ThewholeoftheGreek-speakingworldwasimmersedintheprojectofmemorizing,andoutofthemassesarosethoseindividualswithsuperiormemoriesandtheatricalskillswhobecamethenextgenerationofminstrelsandteachers.Educationwasthuscomprisedofmemorizationandrotelearning,andthepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals.

Plato’sfocusintheRepublicandelsewhereisonHomerandHesiodandtosomeextentthedramatistswhichatthetimewerethecenterpiecesoftheeducationalregime.Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.Itismoreimportanttokeepupappearancesthantopracticethereality.Decorumanddecentbehaviorarenotobviouslyviolated,buttheinnerprincipleofmoralityis.OncetheRepublicisviewedasacritiqueoftheeducationalregime,Havelocksaysthatthelogicofitstotalorganizationbecomesclear.

WhatPlatowasrailingagainstwasan“oralstateofmind”whichseemstohavepersistedeventhoughthealphabetandwrittendocumentationhadbeeninuseforthreecenturies.IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.ThisiswhyPlatoregardedthepoeticororalstateofmindasthearch-enemy.Inhisteachingshedidtheopposite.Heaskedhisstudentsto“thinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit.’’Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not“anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall”andcontributedtowhatHavelockterms“theHomericstateofmind.”ItwasSocrates’project(andbyextensionPlato’s)toreformGreekeducationtoencouragethinkingandanalysis.Thusalltherantingandrailingaboutthe“poets”inPlato’sRepublicwaslimitedbasicallytoHomerandHesiodbecauseofwhatheviewedasawhollyinadequateapproachtoeducationofwhichtheseparticularpoetswereanintegralpart.

Unfortunately,WesternculturehasmisconstruedwhatPlatoandSocratesmeantby“thepoets”.Andbecauseweviewpoetryasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression,ourcriticshavefailedtorecognizethatPlato’sdiatribehadaveryspecificandlimitedtargetwhichhadnothingtodowithhigh-mindedcreativity,ofwhichthereisplenty,bytheway,intheproscribedpoets.Itwasn’treallythepoetswhoweretheproblem;itwastheuseofthemthatwasdeemedunacceptable.

Post-Havelock，wecannowreadtheRepublicwiththescalesliftedfromoureyesandseeitforwhatitreallywas:anindictmentofanantiquatededucationalregimewhichhadnoplaceinademocraticsociety.

1.ThemistakenunderstandingofPlato’sRepublicconsistsinthewidespreadbeliefthatitconsistsof（

）.

2.AccordingtoHavelock,Plato’sangerwiththepoetsarosefrom:

I:Theirrepresentationofgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.

II:Theirtransmissionofculture,moresandlaws.

3.Priortothe4thcenturyBC,recitationwasconsideredthebesteducationalmethodbecause

（

）.

4.InPlato’sdiatribethepoeticororalstateofmindisthearch-enemyof

（

）.

5.Acommoncritiqueofthepresent-dayChineseeducationalsystemresemblestheeducationalsystemthatPlatofulminatedagainstinthatitoften（

）.

问题1选项

A.literarycriticism

B.atreatiseontheidealpolity

C.acritiqueofrationalism

D.anindictmentofanobsoletepedagogy

问题2选项

A.I.

B.II.

C.BothIandII.

D.NeitherInorII.

问题3选项

A.poetrywasseenasahighlycreativeandelevatedformofexpression

B.rhymewasthemosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformation

C.therewasnowritingsystem

D.thepeopleenjoyedconstantremindersthroughpublicreadingsandfestivals

问题4选项

A.democraticsociety

B.theMycenaeanRepublic

C.thePhoenicians

D.literacy

问题5选项

A.asksstudentstothinkaboutwhattheyweresayinginsteadofjustsayingit

B.comprisesofmemorizationandrotelearning

C.hasaveryspecificandlimitedtarget

D.encouragesthinkingandanalysis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文章第二段第二句说到“Thebookiscommonlyunderstoodtobeatreatiseontheidealpoliticalentity,butevenacasualanalysiswillshowthatonlyone-thirdofthetextisconcernedwithstatecraft.”由此可知人们普遍认为这本书是对理想政治实体的论述，但分析表明只有三分之一的内容与治国之道有关。因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。本题关键在于柏拉图的“anger”，也就是柏拉图所关注并批判的东西，由此定位到文章第五段，第二、三句说到“Theirworkspresentedgodsandheroesasfundamentallyimmoralandthusbadexamplesforyouth.TheoverallresultisthattheGreekadolescentiscontinuallyconditionedtoanattitudewhichatbottomiscynical.”可知一些剧作家的作品对神与英雄的描述都是不道德的，为年轻人树立了坏的榜样。结果就是，希腊的青少年们对事物惯于采取愤世嫉俗的态度。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。由题干中关键词recitation找到文中与之相关联的词memorizing（第三段），第四句提到“Themosteffectivedeviceinaidofmemorizingvastamountsofinformationwasrhyme.”可知韵文能帮助记忆大量信息。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。由关键词oralstateofmind定位到第六段，第二句说到“IlliteracywasthusstillawidespreadprobleminPlato’stime,andthepoeticstateofmindwasthemainobstacletoscientificrationalismandanalysis.”诗人的思想状态是科学理性主义和分析的主要障碍，这就是柏拉图敌视诗人或口语心态的原因。因此D选项literacy“读写能力”是正确答案。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第六段提到“Theepichadbecome,inPlato’sview,not‘anactofcreationbutanactofreminderandrecall’”，柏拉图认为史诗已不是一种创造行为，而是一种提醒和回忆，这一点正好符合题干中所说，对当前中国教育制度的批判，教育过程仅仅是“由记忆和死记硬背组成”。因此B选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Shewasunimpressedbytheactor,describinghimas“avainmanand（

）dull”.

问题1选项

A.intensively

B.intensely

C.downright

D.actual

【答案】A

【解析】考查词性词义辨析。题干中的dull为形容词，所以应该用副词修饰。排除选项C和D：downright“直率的，真实的”；actual“真实的”。intensively“强烈地，集中地”；intensely“强烈地，热情地，紧张地”，常用来形容某种性质或者感情到达的程度很高。intensively包含intensely的意思，但是更强调“精细地；集中地”。选项A符合题意。

5.填空题

Theeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodsprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cinfoodsprices改为infoodprices

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】C部分的food是统称，指的是所有食物，为不可数名词，所以用单数food。

【句意】主要由于政府逐渐减少在食物方面的支持，同时食物价格上涨，该国食物情况恶化。

6.单选题

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

问题1选项

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:汤姆向书商抱怨这本字典缺了几页。

语法题。考查后置定语。分析题干跟选项可知空格处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰severalpages,表示“丢失了的”。四个选项中,losing失败的,使受损失的;lost失去的,丧失的,迷路的。这两项一般不放在被修饰词后作定语。Missing丢失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

7.单选题

Theroleofaprofessional（）istohelptwopartiessolveconflictorappeasedisputethroughskillfuluseoflanguage.

问题1选项

A.senator

B.supervisor

C.negotiator

D.mediator

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项senator“参议员”，B选项supervisor“监督人，指导者”，C选项negotiator“谈判人，协商者”，D选项mediator“调停者”，句意：专业谈判者的作用是通过熟练运用语言来帮助双方解决冲突或平息争端。因此，C选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Inthepastfortyyears,weatherforecastinghasbecomealmost（）computerized.

问题1选项

A.centrally

B.totally

C.nationally

D.extremely

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项centrally“在中心”；B选项totally“完全地”；C选项nationally“全国性地”D选项extremely“非常，极其”。句意：在过去的四十年里，天气预报已经几乎完全计算机化了。因此B项符合句意。

9.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.dilemma

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】B

【解析】句意：父母们经常面对这样的（）：是选择做他们认为对孩子发展好的事情，还是选择对孩子吵闹和破坏放任自由。A选项paradox自相矛盾；B选项dilemma进退两难；C选项junction连接，接合；会合点；D选项premise前提；假定，B选项dilemma符合句意。

10.单选题

IsthistheTVsetwhichyouwish（

）?

问题1选项

A.tohaveitrepaired

B.torepairit

C.tohaverepaired

D.willberepair

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句的用法。句中which引导定语从句修饰先行词theTVset从句中有一个固定用法havesth.repaired“修复某物”，可知which指代theTVset在从句中充当被修理的宾语。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

问题1选项

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；sample“品尝，体验”；enforce“实施，执行，强迫”；wrap“包，缠绕”。句意：在这里你可以选择最合你口味的，在做决定之前，你甚至可以品尝他们。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知这里提及的是一种食物，然后可推知在决定购买之前可以品尝。故B项正确。

12.单选题

Bynowhehasreachedthe（

）ofhisambition.

问题1选项

A.superiority

B.resolution

C.summit

D.procedure

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项superiority“优越”；B选项resolution“分辨率，决心”；C选项summit“顶点”；D选项procedure“程序，步骤”。句意：到目前为止，他已经达到了他抱负的顶峰。选项C符合句意。

13.翻译题

吴歌是中国吴语地区民歌民谣的总称。吴语地区包括江苏南部、浙江北部和上海市，大致是指长江下游的三角洲地区。这里是同一种方言的文化圈，同属传统吴文化范畴。“吴”的概念随着历代区域划分而有所变化，如早期的“吴”指的是吴国领域，后来在曾包括现在的南京和扬州等地，现在所说的“吴”是地域和方言区划的概念。苏州恰在它的中心地位，它是一座以“天堂”美名享誉古今中外的历史文化名称，历史上采集吴歌，也以它为中心，在中国文学史上占有一定地位。

【答案】WuSongisthegeneralnametitleoffolksonginWulanguageareaofChina.WulanguageareaincludessouthernJiangsu,NorthernZhejiangandShanghai,referringtothedeltaareaofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.ThisisaculturalcircleofthesamedialectbelongingtotraditionalculturalofWuareas.Theconceptof“Wu”haschangedwiththehistoricalregionaldivision,forexample,“Wu”inearlytimereferstoWuarea,lateritincludedsomepresentplaces,suchasNanjingandYangzhou.“Wu”conrrentlyisaconceptofdivisionofregionanddialect.Suzhouexactlyisinthecenterofit,whichisahistoricalculturaltitlefamedas“paradise”.ItwasalsothecenterofWuSongcollectionandoccupieditspositioninthehistoryofliterature.

14.单选题

HeknowslittleofChinese,tosay（

）ofChineseculture.

问题1选项

A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.somebody

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。something“某事”；anything“任何事”；nothing“没什么事”；somebody“某人”。又根据固定搭配saynothingof“更不用说……了”，可知句意：他一点都不了解中文，更别说中国文化了。因此选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.

Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess,saysareportreleasedtodaybytheNationalEducationCommissiononTimeandLearning.

Thecommission'sreport,titled"PrisonersofTime,"callsthefixedclockandcalendarinAmericaneducationa"fundamentaldesignflaw”indesperateneedofchange."Timeshouldservechildreninsteadofchildrenservingtime,"thereportsays.

Thetwo-yearcommissionfoundthatholdingAmericanstudentsto"world-classstandards"willrequiremoretimeforclassroominstruction."Wehavebeenaskingtheimpassibleofourstudentsthattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubjects,"itstates.

TheCommissioncomparedtherelationshipsbetweentimeandlearninginJapan,Germany,andtheUnitedStatesandfoundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided.Onaverage,Americanstudentscanearnahighschooldiplomaiftheyspendonly41percentoftheirschooltimeonacademics,saysthereport.

Americanstudentsspendanaverageofthreehoursadayon“core”academicssuchasEnglish,math,science,andhistory,thecommissionfound.Theirreportrecommendsofferingaminimumof5.5hoursofacademicseveryschoolday.

Thenine-membercommissionalsorecommendslengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours.

"Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices,theyshouldkeepschooldoorsopenlongereachdayandeachyear,"saysJohnHodgeJones,superintendentofschoolsinMurfreesboro,Tenn.,andchairmanofthecommission.

ThetypicalschoolyearinAmericanpublicschoolsis180days.Elevenstatesallowschoolyearsof175daysorless,andonlyonestaterequiresmorethan180days.

"Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools,"saysMiltonGoldberg,executivedirectorofthecommission.“But…ifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"

1.Comparedwiththeacademiccoursesmorethanahundredyearsago,theacademiccoursesnow（）.

2.Theresearchesbythecommissionmentionedinthepassagearemostconcernedabout（）.

3.Asismentionedinthepassage,schoolsintheUnitedStatesdothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.AmericanstudentsdifferfromthoseinJapan,Germanyinthat（）.

5.ExecutivedirectorofthecommissionMiltonGoldbergwouldmostprobablyagreethat（）.

问题1选项

A.includesomeextra-curricularactivities

B.focusmoreoneducationofsocialsupport

C.demandstudents'morecontributionoftime

D.remainmoreorlesswhattheyusedtobe

问题2选项

A.thetimeattributedtoacademiclearning

B.thecomponentsofschooleducation

C.thechangesineducationintherecentcentury

D.thefashionofeducationmanagement

问题3选项

A.providingimportantoutside-academicactivities

B.servingsocialunitssuchasfamilyandcommunity

C.arrangingsix-hourteachingandlearningeveryday

D.havingcompetitionwithschoolsofothercountries

问题4选项

A.theystayatschoolforashortertimeeveryday

B.theydonotlearnasmuchastheircounterpartsabroad

C.theydevotelesstimetoacademiclearning

D.theyearnahighschooldiplomamoreeasily

问题5选项

A.whattheeducationreformadvocateshavedoneisnotgoodenough

B.thetimeofschooldayandschoolyearshouldbeextended.

C.visitingmuseumscanimprovestudents'academiclearningability.

D.socialsupportandextra-curricularactivitiesshouldbecancelled.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“Whilethemissionofpublicschoolshasexpandedbeyondeducationtoincludesocialsupportandextra-curricularactivities,theacademicschedulehaschangedlittleinmorethanacentury.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。”可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。A“extra-curricularactivities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B“更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。

2.事实细节题。第二段中“Reclaimingtheschooldayforacademicinstructionandescapingthetime-boundtraditionsofeducationarevitalstepsintheschool-reformprocess，…在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤”可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。

3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“Ifschoolswanttocontinueofferingimportantactivitiesoutsidetheacademiccore,aswellasservingasahubforfamilyandcommunityservices如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心…”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“lengtheningtheschooldaybeyondthetraditionalsixhours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长…可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。

4.事实细节题。由第五段中“...foundthatAmericanstudentsreceivelessthanhalfthebasicacademicinstructionthatJapaneseandGermanstudentsareprovided….发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C“与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“…thattheylearnasmuchastheirforeignpeerswhilespendinghalfasmuchasincoreacademicsubject…美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半…”可知B与D不正确。

5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“Butifreformistotrulytakehold,thesix-hour,180-dayschoolyearshouldberelegatedtomuseums—anexhibitfromoureducationpast"但是…如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“MiltonGoldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“Foroveradecade,educationreformadvocateshavebeenworkingfeverishlytoimproveourschools…过去的十来年，教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。

16.单选题

Doyouthinkthisjacketandtrouserswill______asuit?

问题1选项

A.passoff

B.passover

C.passup

D.passfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。passoff“停止”；passover“忽略”；passup“升起，拒绝”；passfor“被认为，当作”。句意：你认为这件夹克和裤子可以看作是一套吗？选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

OliveoilhasbeenoneofthestaplesoftheMediterraneandietforthousandsofyearsanditspopularityisgrowingrapidlyinotherpartsoftheworld.Itisoneofthemostversatileoilsforcookinganditenhancesthetasteofmanyfoods.Oliveoilistheonlytypeofvegetable/fruitoilthatcanbeobtainedfromjustpressing.Mostothertypesofpopularoils(cor,canola,etc.)mustbeprocessedinotherwaystoobtaintheoil.Anotherimportantbonusisthatoliveoilhasprovenhealthbenefits.Threebasicgradesofoliveoilaremostoftenavailabletotheconsumer:extraVirgin;VirginandOliveOil.Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.Thesefactorsallcontributetotheindividualcharacteristicsoftheoliveoil.

Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.Oliveswillsurviveonverypoorsiteswithshallowsoilsbutwillgrowveryslowlyandyieldpoorly.Deepsoilstendtoproduceexcessivelyvigoroustrees,alsowithloweryields.Theidealsiteforoliveoilproductionisaclayloamsoilwithgoodinternalandsurfacedrainage.Irrigationisnecessarytoproduceheavycropsandavoidalternatebearing.Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.Thegrowingseasonalsomustbewarmenoughsofruitsmaturebeforeevenlightfallfrosts(usuallybyearlyNovember)becauseofpotentialdamagetothefruitandoilquality.Fortunatelyolivetreesareveryhardyinhotsummertemperaturesandtheyaredroughttolerant.

Thebestoliveoilsholdacertificatebyanindependentorganizationthatauthenticatesthestonegroundandcoldpressedextractionprocess.Inthisprocess,olivesarefirstharvestedbyhandattheproperstageofripenessandmaturity.Expertsfeelthathandharvesting,asopposedtomechanicalharvesting,eliminatesbruisingofthefruitwhichcausestartnessandoilacidity.Theolivesharvestedaretransferreddailytothemill.Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.Someextravirginoliveoilproducersareknowntotransfertheolivesbymulti-tontrucksoverlongdistancesthatexposethefragilefruittocrushingweightandthehotsun,whichcausestheolivestobeginoxidizingandthusbecomingacidic.Inadditiontothetimelapsebetweenharvestingandpressing,oliveoilmustbeobtainedusingmechanicalprocessesonlytobeconsideredvirginorextravirgin.Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.

Onceatthemill,theleavesaresuckedawaywithairfansandtheolivesarewashedwithcirculatingpotablewatertoremoveallimpurities.Thefirststepofextractionismashingtheolivestocreateapaste.Theoil,comprising20%to30%oftheolive,isnestledinpocketswithinthefruit’scells.Theolivesarecrushedinamillwithtwogranitemillstonesrollingwithinametalbasin.Crushingandmixingtheolivesreleasestheoilfromthecellsoftheolivewithoutheatingthepaste.Asideshutteronthemill’sbasinallowsthemixedolivepastetobedischargedandappliedtoroundmats.Thematsarestackedandplacedundertheheadofahydraulicpressframethatappliesdownwardpressureandextractstheoil.Thefirstpressingyieldsthesuperiorqualityoil,andthesecondandthirdpressingsproduceinferiorqualityoil.Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.Theolivepulpisplacedonmatsconstructedwithhemporpolypropylenethatarestackedandthenpressedtosqueezethepulp.Oilandwaterfilterthroughthematstoacollectiontankbelow.Thewaterandoilarethenseparatedinacentrifuge.

Regardlessofthemethodusedforthefirstpressing,thetemperatureoftheoilduringproductionisextremelyimportantinordertomaintainthedistinctcharacteristicsoftheoil.Ifthetemperatureoftheoilclimbsabove86°F,itwillbedamagedandcannotbeconsideredcold-pressed.

Thefirstpressingoilcontainsthemost“polyphenols”,substancesthathavebeenfoundtobepowerfulantioxidantscapableofprotectingagainstcertaintypesofdisease.Thepolyphenolsarenottheonlysubstancesintheolivewithhealth-promotingeffects,buttheyarequiteuniquewhencomparedtoothercommonlyusedculinaryoilssuchassunflowerandsoy.Itisthesepolyphenolsthatreallysetextravirginoliveoilsapartfromanyotheroilandanyotherformofoliveoil.Themorerefinedtheoliveoilis,thesmallerthequantityofpolyphenols.

Theresultoftheproducer’seffortsisacoldpressedextravirginoliveoilwithhighqualitystandardsandorganolepticcharacteristics,whichgivetheoilitshealth-protectiveandaromaticproperties.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffecttheindividualfeaturesofoliveoilsfromdifferentregions?

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTpartofolivetreemanagement?

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaindangeroffrost?

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffectthe“extravirgin”oliveoilcertification?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Pickingtechniques

B.Thedateofthepicking

C.Olivevarieties

D.Accesstowater

问题2选项

A.Carefulwatering

B.Replanting

C.Killingparasites

D.Feeding

问题3选项

A.Killstheolivetrees.

B.Thefruitwon’tmature.

C.Notenoughfruitwillbeproduced.

D.Theolivesproducedwillbesmallinsize.

问题4选项

A.Thetemperatureoftheextractionprocess.

B.Thetimegapbetweentreeandbottle.

C.Whichpressingtheoilistakenfrom.

D.Usingwaterintheextractionprocess.

问题5选项

A.Olivetreesdon’tneedaregularsupplyofwatertosurvive.

B.Noothercookingoilsapartfromoliveoilcontainpolyphenols.

C.Damagetoolivesbeforetheyarepressedcanaffectthetasteoftheoil.

D.Manyproducersextractedmoreoilafterthefirstpressingtoproducevirgin.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第七句话“Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.（除了基本等级外，不同国家或地区的橄榄油也有所不同，原因在于所种植的橄榄的种类、收获方法、收获时间和压榨技术。）”，由此可知A选项“采摘技术”；B选项“收获时间”；C选项“橄榄的品种”都会影响橄榄油的特性，只有D选项“供水”不会影响，因此D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第一句话“Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.（为了获得良好的经济产量，橄榄树必须得到适当的护理，护理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和灭虫。）”，由此可知A选项“小心灌溉”；C选项“灭虫”；D选项“喂养”都是橄榄树护理的一部分，只有B选项“再植”不是，因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第六句话“Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.（该地点必须不受严冬霜冻的影响，因为在15°F以下的温度下，橄榄树会受到损害，而一段时间的严寒天气可能会毁掉一个好收成的机会。）”，由此可推断出霜冻会杀死橄榄树。B选项“水果不会成熟”；C选项“水果产量不够”；D选项“所生产的橄榄体积较小”都是附带提及，只有A选项“杀死橄榄树”才是主要的危险。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.（这是非常重要的，因为每天的转换将采摘和按压之间的时间减少到最小。）”和“Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbeca