考研考博-英语-大连翻译职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连翻译职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbee8nlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslaveryblacksmiths,masons,carpenterswhichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustriestobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

8.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

问题1选项

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C.Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

D.Thefederalcensusof1910.

问题2选项

A.ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.

B.TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.

C.Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.

D.Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompassestheentireindustrialsector.

问题3选项

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.

问题4选项

A.wagelevelsinnortherncities

B.laborrecruiters

C.competitionfromruralworkers

D.votingrightsinnorthernstates

问题5选项

A.Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.

B.Mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C.Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D.Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.

问题6选项

A.Supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

B.Presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

C.Introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

D.Challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

问题7选项

A.ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersinthesouth.

B.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth.

C.ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth.

D.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworkersintheNorth;unskilledruralworkersintheSouth.

问题8选项

A.ThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration.

B.TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

C.ThetransitionfromaruraltoanurbanexistenceforthosewhomigratedintheGreatMigration.

D.ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据文中第二段“In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin‘manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,’thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.1910年，超过60万名黑人工人(占黑人劳动力的10%)自称从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这是联邦人口普查涵盖整个工业部门的数据。”确定联邦政府在1910年做了一次人口普查。D选项正确。其他三项均未在文中提到。

2.推理判断题。文章第二段末尾提到南方恶劣的务工条件致使很多有工作的人迁徙到北方。C选项‘拥有稳定工作的人不太可能有理由搬到美国的另一个地区’与之相矛盾。所以C选项符合题意。在文章第二段开头作者提到，人们从来没有真正调查过究竟是些什么人迁徙出了南方，也没有人知道在“大移民”之前的移民潮中是否也有人迁徙到北方一些城市。因此，A、B排除。很显然，制造业和机械业不能包含整个工业领域。所以D项排除。

3.细节判断题。根据文中最后一段“Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs在棉铃象鼻虫泛滥之后，城市黑人工人面临着来自持续涌入的黑人和白人农村工人的竞争，他们被迫降低了以前为工厂工人支付的工资”。确定A选项‘由于竞争加剧，它们的工资被压低了‘符合题意。

4.细节判断题。题目的意思是‘作者引用了以下尽可能在北方黑人工人决定迁移的影响在大迁移除外…….‘，D选项‘选举权’并未在文章中提到，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目意思是‘从文章中可以推断，最后一段第16行提到的“easyconclusion”是基于以下哪一个假设?’题目中“easyconclusion”指黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关。文章第一段最后提到来自农村的工人对城市生活不习惯和缺乏必要的技能可能会对北方的经济流动性产生影响。最后一段末尾作者指出“amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed向北搬迁将被视为对一个已经城市化、就业稳定的群体有利”。结合这两处，可以得出C选项‘与城市背景的人相比，农村背景的人在城市获得经济成功的可能性更小。’符合题意。

6.观点态度题。本文第一段对“大移民”进行了简单的描述，并引出了为众人所接受的结论，即黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关。接下来作者开始反驳。第二段指出究竟是些什么人以及在大移民之前是否有人已经迁徙到北方都无人考究。最后一段指出移居到北方的黑人中，有35%的人是技能型工人，而另外的65%的人从事于新兴产业，他们都已经变得更加城市化。最后总结对于一些已经适应城市生活和能容易找到工作的人来说，他们迁徙到北方将是有利的，并提出黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关是有待考究的。本文的写作目的是D选项“对广为接受的结论提出挑战”。

7.事实细节题。根据文章第三段“theycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.即使是北方的非技术工人，他们也能比南方的工匠挣得更多”。因此可以得知工资最高的应该是ArtisansintheNorth,其次是unskilledworkersintheNorth,然后是artisansintheSouth,最后是unskilledworkersintheNorth.所以C选项符合题意。

8.主旨大意题。本文主要是反驳黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关这样一个结论。大篇幅阐述了大移民运动后北方经济问题产生的原因。因此A选项‘参与大迁移的人后来经济困难的原因’符合题意。

2.单选题

Scientistsclaimthatairpollutioncausesadeclineintheworld’saverageairtemperature.Inordertoprovethattheory,ecologistshaveturnedtohistoricaldatainrelationtoespeciallyhugevolcaniceruptions.Theysuspectthatvolcanoesaffectweatherchangesthataresimilartoairpollution.

OnesourceofinformationistheeffectoftheeruptionofTambora,avolcanoinSumbawa,theDutchEastIndies,inApril1815.Thelargestrecordedvolcaniceruption,Tamborathrew150milliontonsoffineashintothestratosphere.Theashfromavolcanospreadsworldwideinafewdaysandremainsintheairforyears.Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.Forexample,recordsofweatherinEnglandshowthatbetweenAprilandNovember1815,theaveragetemperaturehadfallen4,5F.Duringthenexttwentyfourmonths,Englandsufferedoneofthecoldestperiodsofitshistory.Farmer’srecordsfromApril1815toDecember1818indicatefrostthroughoutthespringandsummerandsharpdecreasesincropandlivestockmarkets.Sincetherewasatimelagofseveralyearsbetweencauseandeffect,bythetimetheworldagriculturalcommoditycommunityhaddeteriorated,noonerealizedthecause.

Ecologiststodaywarnthatwefaceatwo-foldmenace.Theever-presentpossibilityofvolcaniceruptions,suchasthatofMr.St.HelensinWashington,addedtoman’spollutionoftheatmospherewithoil,gas,coal,andotherpollutingsubstances,maybringusincreasinglycolderweather.

41.Itisbelievedthattheearthgetscolderwhen______.

42.TheeffectsofTambora’seruptionwere______.

43.ThecauseofcoldweatherinEnglandfrom1815to1818was______.

44.Noonerealizedthecauseofthedeteriorationoftheworldagriculturalcommoditymarketbecause______.

45.If,assomescientistspredict,theworldendsinice,whatmightbethecause?

问题1选项

A.volcanoeserupt

B.theairispollutedbymodernman

C.theraysofthesunareturnedintospace

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.feltmainlyintheDutchEastIndies

B.ofseveraldays’durationworldwide

C.evidenceofpollution’scoolingtheearth

D.immediatelyevidenttotheworld’sscientists

问题3选项

A.decreasedcropandlivestockproduction

B.volcanicashintheatmosphere

C.pollutioncausedbytheIndustrialRevolution

D.itsproximitytotheNorthSea

问题4选项

A.therewasalongdelaybetweencauseandeffect

B.theweatherisbeyondourcomprehension

C.weatherforecastswereinaccurate

D.ecologistsdidn’texistuntilmoderntimes

问题5选项

A.Modernman’spollutionoftheair.

B.Volcaniceruptions.

C.Obliterationofsolarradiation.

D.Alloftheabove.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“人们相信在……地球会变得更冷”。根据文章第一段首句Scientistsclaimthatairpollutioncausesadeclineintheworld’saverageairtemperature（科学家声称，空气污染导致世界平均气温下降）和最后一句Theysuspectthatvolcanoesaffectweatherchangesthataresimilartoairpollution.（科学家们怀疑火山对天气变化的影响类似于空气污染）可知，volcanoeserupt是改变天气的一个原因；第二段第四行提到Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.（其作用是将入射的太阳辐射送入太空，从而使地球降温）可知，太阳辐射送入太空可以降低地球温度；第三段最后一句提到man’spollutionoftheatmospherewithoil,gas,coal,andotherpollutingsubstances,maybringusincreasinglycolderweather.（人们使用石油、天然气、煤炭和其他污染物质对大气的污染，可能会给我们带来越来越寒冷的天气）可知，空气污染也是天气变冷的一个原因；因此A项“火山爆发”，B项“现代人造成的空气污染”，C项“把太阳辐射送入太空”均正确，故该题选D项“以上都是”。

42.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“坦博拉火山爆发的影响是……”。根据第二段的第三句Theashfromavolcanospreadsworldwideinafewdaysandremainsintheairforyears.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中）和第二段最后一句Sincetherewasatimelagofseveralyearsbetweencauseandeffect,bythetimetheworldagriculturalcommoditycommunityhaddeteriorated,noonerealizedthecause.（由于原因与后果之间的长达数年的时差，所以当人们遭遇后果时候，往往不能认识到导致其的真正原因）可知A项“荷属东印度群岛才会感觉到这一影响”，B项“在世界范围内持续数天”，D项“立刻成为全世界科学家所关注的证据”都不符合。故该题C项“污染正在冷却地球的证据”正确。

43.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“1815到1818年英国冷天气的原因是由于……”。根据第二段的第三句Theashfromavolcanospreadsworldwideinafewdaysandremainsintheairforyears.Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中;火山灰让太阳辐射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）可知B项“大气中的火山灰”正确，A项“农作物和牲畜产量下降”是后果，不是原因；C项“工业革命造成的污染”和D项“靠近北海”在文中没有提及，因此B正确。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“没有人认识到世界农产品市场恶化的原因是因为……”。根据第二段最后一句Sincetherewasatimelagofseveralyearsbetweencauseandeffect（由于因果之间有几年的时间差）可知A项“因果之间有一段长时间间隔”正确，B项“天气变化超出了人类理解力范围”，C项“天气预报不准确”，D项“到现代才出现生态学家”在文中没有提及，因此该题选A。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“如果像一些科学家预测的那样，世界将在冰中终结，原因可能是什么?”。根据文中第二段中的第四句Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.（火山灰让太阳福射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）及最后一段的第二句Theever-presentpossibilityofvolcaniceruptions,suchasthatofMr.St.HelensinWashington,addedtoman’spollutionoftheatmospherewithoil,gas,coal,andotherpollutingsubstances,maybringusincreasinglycolderweather.（如华盛顿的St.Helens先生说的那样，火山爆发的可能性的始终存在和人类消耗石油、天然气、煤和其它污染物而带来的大气污染有可能为人类带来不断变冷的气候）可知A项“现代人类对空气的污染”，B项“火山爆发”，C项“太阳辐射的消失”均符合，因此该题选D项“以上都是”。

3.单选题

Theleaderwenthisownwayin______ofthepublicopinion,whicharousedgreatangeramongthepeople.

问题1选项

A.defiance

B.reflection

C.obedience

D.upgrade

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.defiance违抗，反抗B.reflection反映

C.obedience顺从，服从D.upgrade升级，提高

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】由wenthisownway（一意孤行）和arousedgreatanger（引起了极大愤怒）可知，空格部分表示“违抗民意”，且indefianceof为固定搭配，表示“不顾，无视”。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不符合句意。

【句意】领袖不顾民意，一意孤行，引起了人民的极大愤怒。

4.单选题

Hislawyercollectedenoughevidenceto____thechargeagainsthim.

问题1选项

A.nominate

B.criticize

C.rebut

D.analyze

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.nominate提名；指派；指定B.criticize批评；指责

C.rebut反驳；证明（言论等）错误D.analyze分析

【答案】C

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】前文内容为“他的律师收集了足够的证据”，后文内容为“对他的指控”，根据前后语义可知，他的律师收集的证据应该是为了反驳对他的指控，证明对他的指控是错误的。因此，C选项“反驳；证明（言论等）错误”，符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】他的律师收集了足够的证据来反驳对他的指控。

5.单选题

Thatterribledaywillbedeeply（）inthechildren’smemory.

问题1选项

A.included

B.embraced

C.embedded

D.removed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项included“包括”；B选项embraced“包含；拥抱”；C选项embedded“使嵌入；使深留脑中”；D选项removed“去掉；移除”。句意：那可怕的一天将……在孩子们的记忆中。关键点Thatterribleday“那可怕的一天”，可知这份记忆是深刻的而且不美好，深深烙印在孩子们的记忆里。beembeddedin“嵌入；扎根于”，因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Wecan’thopetocompetewithotherbigcompanies（

）wehaveinferiorequipmentinourinstallationlinesandtrainingofourworkforce.

问题1选项

A.nevertheless

B.unless

C.if

D.oncondition

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词词义和词组辨析。nevertheless然而；不过；unless除非，如果不；if如果；即使；oncondition只要。根据前后句意推断C项符合题意，答案C。句意：如果我们在安装线上的设备和职工培训方面是较差的，那么我们就不能指望去与其他大公司竞争。

7.单选题

Wewillintroducelegislationtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey______.

问题1选项

A.confer

B.exclude

C.allot

D.commend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止……进入，阻止……参加，把……排斥在外”；C选项allot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们______的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应rights“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Ananonymousletter_______policetothepossibilityofaterroristattackattheairport.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.alerted

C.warned

D.informed

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imposed使（别人）接受自己的意见B.alerted向……报警，使警惕，使戒备（警告某人危险或紧急情况）

C.warned提醒注意（可能发生的事），使警惕（以便于避免某事，尤指可能发生的危险或不愉快的事情）D.informed知会，通知（尤指以官方的方式告诉某人某事）

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】横线处和police构成动宾搭配关系，指的是有人匿名向警察报警，说可能会有人袭击机场，alerted符合语境，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】一封匿名信提醒警方注意机场可能会发生恐怖袭击。

9.单选题

Inbusinessto-businessmarkets,salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguishbecausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications.

问题1选项

A.advertise

B.last

C.decline

D.dominate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.advertise（为……）做广告；登广告B.last持续

C.decline减少；下降D.dominate支配；控制

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息becausenotenoughindependentsoftwarevendorswriteapplications（由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序）可推知，salesofsomesoftwareproductslanguish指的是软件产品的销量下降，languish在句中表示“下降”，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】在企业对企业的市场中，由于没有足够多的独立软件供应商编写应用程序，一些软件产品的销售受到影响。

10.单选题

Scientistsshouldhavechoiceastowhatareastheyexplore,andcertainlyhavetheethicalrightandobligationsas（

）toinfluencewhatuseismadeoftheirdiscoveries.

问题1选项

A.anthropologists

B.philanthropists

C.archaeologists

D.humanists

【答案】D

【解析】anthropologist人类学家；philanthropist慈善家；archaeologist考古学家；humanist人道主义者。句意：科学家应该选择他们所探索的领域，他们当然也有像人道主义者一样的道德权利和义务来影响他们的发现的用途。选项D符合语境。

11.单选题

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoumoregoodthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodformemory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern—whatisreferredtoasan“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

1.Thephrase“poringover”inthefirstsentenceofthepassagemaybebestinterpretedas（

）.

2.Thereasonwhysleepisgoodforthememory（

）.

3.Theexperimentersfoundthattheirsubjects（

）.

4.TheBelgiangroupreachedtheconclusionthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.lookinginterestinglyat

B.learningwithouthesitation

C.studyingwithcloseattention

D.memorizingwithafastpace

问题2选项

A.istobeclarifiedbybehavioralpsychology

B.isrootedinitsfunctionofrelaxingthebrain

C.liesinitscontributiontotheformationoflastingmemories

D.stemsfromitscompilingmemoriesandriddingthingsunwanted

问题3选项

A.learnedquicklyhowtorespondtothelightstimuli

B.pickedupthe“artificialgrammar”duringtheirREMsleep

C.pushedthebuttonfasterintheabsenceofthelightpattern

D.increasedtheirresponsetimeastheylearnttheuartificialgrammar”

问题4选项

A.thebrainworksmoreefficientlybyknowingasetpatternofthings

B.thesecondtheoryfailedtocoverallthebrainresponsesduringsleep

C.REMsleepreactivatesconnectionsbetweenthenervesandthememory

D.it’sbeyonddoubtthatthesubjectswerelearningincontrasttounlearning

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.根据原文句意：在大考之前，睡个好觉比钻研课本对你更有好处。既然是考试，当然会仔细认真地复习，所以选项C最能解释poringover。

2.根据第一段“sleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.”可知选项C正确。

3.根据第三段的内容可知，Maquet博士使用了一款名为PET的电子设备来研究人们白天练习一项任务和第二天晚上睡觉时的大脑。这项任务要求人们尽快按下按钮，对6个位置当中出现的那盏灯作出反应。当他们学会如何这样做时，他们的反应更快了。他们不知道的是,这些光的出现有时遵循一种模式——这被称为“人造语法”。所以选项B符合原文。

4.根据最后一段第一句“thenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.”在眼睛快速转动的睡眠中，特别是当大脑检测到正在学习的东西有固有的结构时，与记忆有关的神经连接会通过重新激活得到加强。选项A符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

12.单选题

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

问题1选项

A.intendsreducing

B.intendstobereduced

C.isintendedtoreduce

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。本句主语为Thislaw，宾语为：thenumberofaccidents，causedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus为非谓语动词引导的定语修饰先行词accidents，定语中包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句，句意：这项法律___儿童下车时跑过马路造成的事故数量。由基本句型结构可知空格处需要填入谓语，intend“打算；想要；意指”，结合主语，法律不会主动做某事，可至空格需要填入被动语态，排除A，B；最后根据固定搭配intendtodosth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Maryisso（）thatshewillbelieveanythingyoutellher.

问题1选项

A.credulous

B.believable

C.trustworthy

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项credulous“轻信的；因轻信而产生的”；believable“可信的”；trustworthy“可靠的；可信赖的”；sophisticated“复杂的；精致的；久经世故的”。句意：玛丽如此……，以至于她会相信任何告诉她的事。词组sothat“如此……以至于……”由后半句她会相信你和她说的任何事情，显然易见她是轻信他人的，故选A。

14.单选题

Everyoneshouldbefreetoenjoytherightsandfreedoms______intheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidinto

C.laiddown

D.laidoff

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.laidout展示；安排B.laidinto痛打；痛斥

C.laiddown放下；制定D.laidoff解雇；休息

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息therightsandfreedoms（权利和自由）和theUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights（《世界人权宣言》）可知，《世界人权宣言》规定了人们享有的权利和自由，空格处表示“制定，规定”符合句意，故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】人人都应享有《世界人权宣言》规定的权利和自由。

15.单选题

AfteraconcerttourinAsia,EnglandandCanada,hewill（）workonafive-languageopera.

问题1选项

A.confine

B.indulge

C.resume

D.undergo

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confine“限制”；B选项indulge“沉溺，满足，放任”；C选项resume“重新开始，继续”；D选项undergo“经历，经受”。句意：在结束了亚洲、英国和加拿大的巡演后，他将重新开始从事于五种语言的歌剧。选项C符合语境。

16.不定项选择题

Frombeachballs,pooltoys,andjumphouses,inflatabletechnologytakesabigstepforwardforitsnextfrontier:spacestation.AnewkindoftechwillbeaboardSpaceX'seighthsupplymissiontotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Acompressedlivingmodulewillbedeliveredandattachedtothestationwhere,inthevoidofspace,itwillexpandintoanewhabitatforastronauts.

DesignedbyBigelowAerospace,theinflatablespacehabitatisoneareaNASAisexploringforpotentialdeepspacehabitatsandotheradvancedspacemissions.

"The‘BigelowExpandableActivityModule',ortheBEAM,isanexpandablehabitatthatwillbeusedtoinvestigatetechnologyandunderstandthepotentialbenefitsofsuchhabitatsforhumanmissionstodeepspace,”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldenwroteinablogpost.Thehabitatscouldbeawayto“dramaticallyincrease”thespaceavailableforastronautswhilealsoofferingaddedprotectionfromthedangersofspace,likeradiationandspacedebris,theNASApressreleasesays.

Buthowisaninflatablespacestationsupposedtobeaviablemeansofhousingforspacetravelers?BEAMsarefarmorethanballoon-likeroomswhereastronautscantakeasylum.Technically,themodulesdon'tinflate—theyexpand,accordingtothecompany.Andbeyondjustair,thehabitatsarereinforcedwithaninternalmetalstructure.Theoutsideiscomposedofmultiplelayersofmaterialincludingthingslikerubberandkevlartoprotectformanyspeedingdebris.

InsideSpaceX'sDragonspacecraftonthewaytotheISS,theBEAMwillbeapproximately8feetindiameter.Itwillexpandoncedeployedinspacetooffer565cubicfeetofspaceforastronauts.“It'llbethefirsttimehumanbeingswillactuallystepinsidethisexpandablehabitatinspace,”formerastronautGeorgeZamka,whohasworkedforBigelowAerospace,toldUSAToday.“Therewon'tbethissenseofitbeinglikeaballoon.”

Butastronautswon'tbegettinginsidethemoduleforsometimeyet.TheBEAMwillbeattachedtotheTranquilityNodeanddeployed.InsidethemoduleareaseriesoftoolsthatwillhelpthecrewoftheISSmonitordifferentaspectsoftheexpandableareatoseehowitactsinspace.Thecrewwillwatchheat,radiation,orbitaldebris,andprovideinformationabouttheviabilityofusingsimilarmodulesinthefuture.

Thetestingisscheduledtogoonforatwo-yeartimeperiod,afterwhichthemodulewillbereleasedandburnupintheatmosphere.NASA'spartnershipwithBigelowfitsMr.Bolden'sdesiretohelpgrowarobustprivatesectorindustrytocommercializeaspectsofspace—aprocessheseesasvitalifhumanswanttoreachfarthercosmicdestinations.“TheworldoflowEarthorbitbelongstoindustry,”BoldensaidatapressconferenceinJanuary2015.

1.WhatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleonSpaceX'seighthmissiontoISS?

2.Whatisthepurposeofdesigningtheinflatablespacehabitat?

3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?

4.WhydoesNASAintendtocommercializeaspectsofspace?

问题1选项

A.Itisexpandable.

B.Itlookslikeatoy.

C.Itisgoingtodeepspace.

D.ItwillnotreturntoEarth.

问题2选项

A.Itistofindoutitspotentialcapacity.

B.Itistogiveatryonanewtechnology.

C.Itistosavetimeandmoneyinproduction.

D.Itistoseeifitcanbeappliedindeepspace.

问题3选项

A.Thehabitatwillnotbeaballoon-likeroom.

B.Thehabitatwillnotfeellikeaballoon.

C.Thehabitatwillbelikeasenselessballoon.

D.Thehabitatwillbeadifferentkindofballoon.

问题4选项

A.ItcansaveNASAtimeandenergy.

B.Itisnecessaryforarobustindustry.

C.Itiscrucialforfurtherspaceexplorations.

D.ItmeetsbothNASA'sandBigelow'sneeds.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whatisspecialaboutthenewlivingmoduleon