考研考博-英语-四川警察学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川警察学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifyou’replanningongoingsightseeingaroundtheoldcity,aguideis（）.

问题1选项

A.indicative

B.indifferent

C.indispensable

D.incredible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。indicative“象征的；指示的”；indifferent“冷淡的，不关心的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；incredible“难以置信的”。句意：如果你打算去旧城观光的话，向导是______。根据句意可知，选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

问题1选项

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过提倡……改变，他们认为可以保持消费者的低成本状态。reasonable“合理的，明智的”；radical“根本的，彻底的”；immediate“立即的”；minimum“最低的”。根据后面的“消费者的低成本状态”可知前面的改变是“适度的”，即划线单词的意思是“适度的；合理的”。因此选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Peoplelikebeingtrusted.Theyareannoyed,angry,orfeelhurtiftheyareregardedwith（1）.Theythinkthattheyare（2）aninjustice.Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons:(l)Itisatributetotheirhonesty,truth,strength,（3），kindnessandgoodcharacter;(2)Theyfinditeasiertocheatothers.Thesetwo（4）Suggestwhatourattitudetowardstrustin（5）shouldbe.Itisnotasimpleattitude.Wemustkeepabalancebetweentwo（6）oversuspiciousnessandinfantilenaivety.

Aparalleltoourtrustinpeoplecouldbeourtrustinnatural（7）.Howevercarefulweare,wecannotguarantee（8）safetyforourselvesinthephysicalworld,yetweactas（9）wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents.Wetakethebustoworkinthemorning（10）thatwewillarrivesafelyatourofficeorschool.Wehaveno（11）thatwewill.Thebuscouldbe（12）inanaccident.

Ifwewereto（13）everyaccidentthatmighthappentouswewouldneverdoanything.

Wewouldjustremainsittingathome.Eventhenwecouldneverbeabsolutely（14）thattheceilingwouldnotcollapseonus.（15）wearetodoanythingatall,wemusttakerisks.Ofcoursewetrytoreduceriskstoa（16）。

Similarlywithregardtopeople,trustingtheminvolvestakingtherisksofbeing（17）.Nottrustingthemplacesusoutsidetheareaofcommunityactivity,（18）trustisanessentialbondincommunityliving.Inacompetitive,materialisticworlditwouldbe（19）totrusteveryoneineverything.However,weshouldwidentheareaoftrustasfaraspossible.Wecannoteliminateallrisksinsuchtrust（20）weshouldlessenthemasfaraspossiblebyrelianceonintelligenceandexperienceworthourownandthoseofadultswhosereliabilityhasbeenproven.

问题1选项

A.superstition

B.supervision

C.suspicion

D.suspension

问题2选项

A.suffering

B.challenging

C.releasing

D.offending

问题3选项

A.occupation

B.performance

C.recommendation

D.intelligence

问题4选项

A.reasons

B.examples

C.facts

D.truths

问题5选项

A.another

B.others

C.other

D.anyone

问题6选项

A.ends

B.extremes

C.spots

D.sides

问题7选项

A.matters

B.occasions

C.events

D.situations

问题8选项

A.mechanical

B.material

C.relevant

D.absolute

问题9选项

A.if

B.that

C.as

D.long

问题10选项

A.given

B.provided

C.such

D.so

问题11选项

A.measurement

B.calculation

C.guarantee

D.optimism

问题12选项

A.evolved

B.enclosed

C.engaged

D.involved

问题13选项

A.makeuseof

B.takeadvantageof

C.takeaccountof

D.makecertainof

问题14选项

A.certain

B.doubtful

C.suspicions

D.indifferent

问题15选项

A.Unless

B.If

C.Lest

D.Before

问题16选项

A.dilemma

B.minimum

C.maximum

D.reduction

问题17选项

A.flattered

B.assured

C.deceived

D.convinced

问题18选项

A.however

B.so

C.therefore

D.because

问题19选项

A.evident

B.unwise

C.creative

D.romantic

问题20选项

A.but

B.or

C.and

D.also

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:C

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:A

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:A

【解析】（1）形近词辨析。前一句句意:人们乐于得到别人的信任，因此推断此句意为:而当不被信任时.人们会感到气恼、生气或受到伤害”，故该空应填trust的反义词。结合选项考虑，应填suspicion。toberegardedwithsuspicion表示“受到猜疑，不被人信任”。

（2）动词辨析。此处应填一个谓语动词的现在分词形式。句意为:他们觉得自己了不公正待遇。Suffer遭受;challenge挑战;release释放；offend冒犯。故选A。

（3）名词辨析。该句提到，“赋予信任是对人们的诚实、求真、能力、、善良和好性格的尊敬”，据此推测这个空也应相应选择intelligence。occupation职业；performance表现；recommendation推荐;intelligence智力。

（4）语义连接。根据上文中的“Theylikebeingtrustedfortworeasons”推测此处选A项。

（5）代词辨析。句意:这两个原因说明了我们对他人的信任所应持有的态度。another另一个人；other不加复数时必须跟名词，或者与any,another连用。anyone—般用在否定句与疑问句中。因此选B项others。

（6）名词辨析。句意:我们必须在过度猜疑和天真幼稚这两个极端之间保持平衡。

（7）名词辨析。我们对人们的信任可以和我们对自然的信任类比。下文提示:Wecantrustanorderedseriesofphysicalevents。因此推测此处选C项events。

（8）形容词辨析。句意:不管我们多么小心，我们也无法保证我们在世界中的安全。mechanical机械的；material物质的；relevant相关的;absolute绝对的。

（9）固定搭配。asif表示“似乎”，“我们表现得似乎”。

（10）连词辨析。句意:我们早上坐公车,安全达到办公室或学校，这里应该填一个连词。given作连词指“考虑到”；provided表示“如果”，是一种假设，such不能这样用，因此D项正确,表示“因此,以便”。

（11）名词辨析。参照第18空的那句话:我们无法保证…，因此此处为“保证”的名词形式。measurement为尺寸，度量calculation计算；guarantee保证;optimism乐观。

（12）固定搭配。tobeinvolvedinsth.指“牵扯到，卷入到”，一般指不好的事件。

（13）短语辨析。如果我们每一场可能的发生在我们身上的事故，那我们什么都不能做了。”显然应当是“考虑、担心”，takeaccountof固定短语，指“考虑，将...并入到考虑范围内”。其他选项maleuseof,takeadvantageof都是“利用”的意思，takeaccountof考虑，将...并入到考虑范围内;makecertainof确定。因此C项符合句意。

（14）形容词辨析。我们不能老是对危险惴惴不安，否则我们得一直待在家里。即使待在家里，也不能屋顶不会塌下来。Certain确定,肯定。

（15）逻辑分析。句意:我们想做点什么事，任何事，都必须承担风险。因此B项if(如果)符合句意。

（16）名词辨析。句意:我们得承担风险，但是可以将风险降到最低。

（17）动词辨析。句意:与人打交道类似，相信别人可能有被的风险。flattered被奉承，assure是确定，一般不用在被动语态，过去分词assured作形容词，指“确定的，确信的”；deceived被欺骗;convinced确信。故C项符合句意。

（18）逻辑分析。句意:不相信别人会让我们被排除在大家的活动之外，信任是大家一起生活至关重要的纽带。前后为因果关系,故选D。

（19）形容词辨析。信任所有人所有事是明显。evident明显的，unwise理智的,creative创新的，romantic浪漫的。故B项符合句意。

（20）逻辑分析。句意:我们不能消除所有风险,我们可以尽可能减少。前后为转折关系,故选A。

4.单选题

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

问题1选项

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗号前后没有连接词，所以逗号后面不能是完整的句子，这里是分词短语做状语，前后为因果关系，所以选项C目的状语可首先排除；再根据句意可知，这里表被动，所以选项D正确。句意：主席被要求辞职，因为他被认为完全不适合这个职位。

5.单选题

Thecompany（

）ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.

问题1选项

A.ispromised

B.hasbeenpromised

C.ispromising

D.promised

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。forages时间状语，常与现在完成时连用，表示现在以前的这一段时间里一直在做的事情。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.

问题1选项

A.method

B.solution

C.means

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修饰空缺处的名词，A、C、D三个选项都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以与to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解决方案”，与句意不符，可排除。因此，本题正确答案为D项。【句意】这种疾病研究方法在技术上称之为流行病学法。

7.单选题

（

）theissueofslaveryandracehasbeenfundamentalinAmerica’sdevelopment.

问题1选项

A.Promoting

B.Confronting

C.Conquering

D.Measuring

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国发展中所面临的最基本的问题是奴隶制与种族问题。promote“提升”；confront“面临”；conquer“战胜”；measure“测量”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“合格的；中意的”；B选项engaged“使用中的；占线的”；C选项prone“有做……倾向的”；D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之间总是存在着______和宗教性的争议。根据语境，D选项prospective“预期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“争议”比较合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的争议是迟早的事。因此D选项正确。

9.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

RecentlybadairpollutioninBeijinghasledtoafloodofstrongcriticismfromthecountry'sstate-runmedia.Governmentofficialswereorderedtoreducevehicleuseovertheweekend,accordingtothestate-runXinhuanewsagency,whichalsocoveredthepollutionstoryextensively.Environmentalprotectionauthoritiespublisheddailyair-qualitymeasurements,butthosedidn'ttakeintoaccountthesmallerpollutionparticles,knownasPM2.5,thatpublichealthexpertssayarethemostdamagingtohumanhealth.

People'sDaily,meanwhile,ranafronteditorialundertheheadline"ABeautifulChinaStartswithHealthyBreathing"onMonday."Thevast,unmovinghazehasobscuredourvision,butithasmadetheurgencyofpollutioncontrolclearertous,"theeditorialsaid,notingthechallengestoChina’senvironmentfromrapidongoingindustrializationandurbanization.Post-crisisemergencymeasures,itcontinued,"cannotreplacesystematic,scientific,efficientandpowerfulmanagementoftheproblematitssource.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

科学就是探求真理。在探求真理的过程中，人们对客观规律的认识要经过艰苦曲折的过程。常常有这样的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握资料的差异，认识方法的不同，以至引起学术上的争论。因此，有作为的科学工作者都把反对的意见看作对自己的莫大帮助，把对自己的批评当作最珍贵的友谊。这都是因为，赞同的意见未必正确，反对的意见未必错误。退一步说，即使错误的反对意见，对自己的科学研究也是很有好处的。

【答案】SectionA

最近，北京严重的空气污染引发了中国官方媒体的强烈批评。据广泛报道污染事件的新华社报道，政府官员被要求在周末期间减少车辆使用。环境保护部门公布了每天的空气质量监测数据，但这些数据没有将PM2.5等较小的污染颗粒计算在内。公共卫生专家说，PM2.5对人体健康的危害最大。

与此同时，《人民日报》周一在头版发表了一篇题为《美丽中国从健康呼吸开始》的社论。注意到中国快速发展的工业化和城市化给中国环境带来的挑战，

社论指出：巨大的、静止的雾霾遮蔽了我们的视野，但它让我们更加清楚地认识到控制污染的紧迫性。它还指出，危机后的紧急措施“不能从根本上取代对问题进行系统、科学、有效和强有力的管理”。

SectionB

Sciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,people'sunderstandingofobjectivelawhastogothroughaarduousandtortuousprocess.Itisoftenthecasethatacademicdisputesarisebecauseofdifferentresearchperspectives,differentmasteryofmaterialsanddifferentmethodsofcognition.Therefore,accomplishedscientistsregardopposingopinionsasagreathelptothemselves,andtheircriticismasthemostvaluablefriendship.Thisisbecause,theopinionthatagreesmaynotberight,theopinionthatdisagreesmaynotbewrong.Tosaytheleast,evenafalseobjectionisgoodforone'sownscientificresearch.

10.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Fromdiepassagewecaninterthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

3.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

C.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

D.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

问题3选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题4选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推断,作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮,实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项C符合原文。

2.信息推理题。根据第二段的内容可知,作者认为这些人之所以焦虑是因为处于一个竞争激烈的社会之中,只有远离了竞争激烈的社会,才会有真正幸福的生活。所以选项C正确。

3.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥他的潜力。选项C符合原文。

4.态度判断题。根据文章内容可知,作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义,所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。

11.单选题

I’msorryI’mlate—Ihadamental（

）andforgetthatwewouldhaveameetingtoday.

问题1选项

A.aberration

B.perversion

C.imbalance

D.sanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。aberration“神经迷乱；离开正路；越轨”；perversion“反常，颠倒，曲解”；imbalance“不平衡，不安定”；sanity“明智，头脑清楚”。句意：很抱歉我迟到了。我有点精神恍惚忘记了今天还有个会议。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

问题1选项

A.disgusted

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.disabled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。disgust“使厌恶，使作呕”；dismiss“解散，解雇”；dispose“处理，处置”；disable“使失去能力”。句意：他在会议上说的话使在场的每个人都（）。只有A项符合句意。

13.单选题

Ican'twaittohearaboutyourEnglishclass

问题1选项

A.ameagerto

B.amlateto

C.amindifferent

D.amhappyto

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语词义辨析。题目中can'twaittodosth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A选项为“渴望去做某事”；B选项为“迟到”;C选项为“对……漠不关心”；D选项为“开心做某事”。由题意可知，我已经迫不及待要听你的英语课了。因此，正确答案是A项。

14.单选题

1.Flattery,RichardStengelwritesbywayofdefininghisterms,“isstrategicpraise,praisewithapurpose.Itmaybeinflatedorexaggeratedoritmaybeaccurateandtruthful,butitispraisethatseekssomeresult,whetheritbeincreasedlikingoranofficewithawindowFlatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.ItisabribewewanttopocketFlatteryatitscoreislanguagethatadvancesself-interestwhileconcealingitatthesametime.”

2.Allofwhichisperfectlytrue,butitneedstobequalified(asintimeStengeldoes)inoneimportantway:Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis.Ifitistrue,asprobablyitis,thatmostofusaresusceptibletoflatteryandwillingtoemployitinourowninterests,itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.Inmylineofwork,forexample,whenIseeinapublisher’scataloguethatawriterwithwhomIamacquaintedhasanewbookforthcoming,Icanpredictalmosttothedaytheletterorcallfromsaidauthorinwhich,inonefashionoranother,myownperspicacityandstylisticelegancewillbepraisedfulsomely,accompanied,perhaps,byaninvitationtolunch.Similarly,aletterore-mailfromsomeonewhollyunknowntomewillbeginwithpraiseformylatestbookrevieworcolumn,followed,apace,withthenewsthatthewriteroftheletter―orarelative,orafriend,oracolleague―isabouttocomeforthwith...abook.

3.Itisthewayoftheworld.Thoughinmycaseflatteryinfrequentlyproducesthedesiredresults——quitetothecontrary,ifthetruthbeknown——Icannotclaimthatthesilkenwordswhisperedinmyeargounheeded.StengelquotesLordChesterfield:“Thisprincipleofvanityandprideissostronginhumannature,thatisdescendseventothelowestobjects;andoneoftenseespeopleanglingforpraise.”Thoughwewouldpreferpraisethatisofferedwithoutulteriormotives,thatisheartfeltandgenerous,wereadilysettleformereflattery;wemaynotdeliverthequidproquosotransparentlysoughtbeneaththeoleaginouswords—wemayevenholdtheflattererincontempt—yetwearenotimpervioustothestrokingheorsheadministers;indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.

4.“Todescribesomeoneasasocialclimberoraself-promoterisgenerallynotconsideredacompliment.Thosetwolabelsseemlikeparticularlymodernputdowns(andinthecultureofcelebritytheyhavebecomefull-timeoccupations).ButIwouldmakethecasethattheyaresimplyneutraltermsforfundamentalhumanbehavior,Infact,I’dcontendthatbasedontheprinciplesofevolutionarybiology,social-climbingandself-promotion.Theyareinourgenes.”

5.Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays,“isaformofcooperation,andcooperationisthesuccessfulevolutionaryprincipleofreciprocalaltruism.”AsSamRayburnusedtosay,duringhislongandproductivetenureasspeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,“Ifyouwanttogetalong,goalong.”Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera,”yetitisthegreasethatoilsthewheelsofpoliticsandoftenenablesthegovernmentanditssatellitestoaccomplishworthwhilethings.ThespectaclethatmembersoftheSenatepresentwhentheyfawnovereachotheras“honorable”and“distinguished”ishardlyaprettyone,yetitisnotwithoutpurpose.

6.InAmericanlife,flatteringinfluentialindividualsisanessentialpartofthemachineryofsocietyandbusiness.InaperceptivechaptercalledHowDaleCarnegieWonFriendsandInfluencedPeople,Stengelshowshow“thesimplestdevicesofpayingattention,offeringappreciationandthegivingofsmallflatteries”havebecomesoengrainedthatitishardtoimaginefunctioningwithoutthem.Therulesofflattery—oritshandmaiden,ingratiation—areclear:“avoidcomplimentingthetarget...inawaythatmakesitclearyouwantareward;makesurethecomplimentisplausible;praiseanattributeaboutwhichthetargetisuncertain;anddon’tleavetheimpressionthatyouareapromiscuouspraise.”Doallofthatandyoutoocansucceedinbusiness—oranythingelse—withoutreallytrying?

7.Allofwhichshould,makeclear—especiallytoyou,gentleandquick-wittedreader—thatStengelhaswrittennotmerelyapopularhistoryofflatterybutalsoaguidetoitsemployment.Hedoesthelatterwithtongueslightlyincheek—attimestothepointthathisprosebecomesexcessivelychattyandbreezy—yetthetruthisthathiscounsel,andthatofthemanyotherswhomhequotes,probablycanbeusedtogoodpurpose.Ifyoumustflatter-andtherearetimeswhenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

1.whenflatteryisclearlythewisestcourse—thenbyallmeansdoitwell.

2.AccordingtoRichardStengel,allofthefollowingaretrueofflatteryEXCEPT（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermakesthepointthat

（

）.

4.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphisthat

（

）.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecourtsofRenaissanceEurope(Para.5)?Thewriter'sattitudetowardRichardStengel'sviewsregardingflatterycanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.itcanstretchthetruth

B.ithasapurpose

C.itisanunsuccessfulbribe

D.itcanbeexpressedsubtly

问题2选项

A.flatterersoftenachievetheirobjectives

B.flatteryisoftenblatant

C.thewriterisoftenflattered

D.weareoftentemptedbyflattery

问题3选项

A.flatteryseldomproducesthedesiredresults

B.humansarevainandproud

C.it'sonlyhumantoenjoyflattery

D.wefindflatteryobjectionable

问题4选项

A.Theywereverysimilartoourmodernera.

B.Theybannedflattery.

C.Theyencouragedflattery.

D.Theywerenotpopularwiththegeneralrepublic.

问题5选项

A.neutral

B.favorable

C.doubtful

D.critical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Flatteryisalsoakindofbribe,anemotionalgratuitythatweacceptandwhichveryoftenrepaysthegiverwithsomethinghewants.（阿谀奉承也是一种贿赂，一种我们可以接受的情感馈赠，常常会用回报给赠予者他想要的东西）可知阿谀奉承是一种成功的贿赂，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Flatteryisalmostalwaysrecognizableforexactlywhatitis...itisequallytruethatflatteryisinfrequentlysubtleandoftenblatant.（阿谀奉承几乎总是可以确切地认出它是什么……同样的事实是，奉承不那么微妙，常常是明目张胆的）可知选B。A选项为第一段的内容；C选项只是作者用自己的经历举例说明，阿谀奉承很显而易见；D选项在第二段中没有出现，因此选B。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Itisthewayoftheworld...indeedwemayluxuriateinitevenaswepretendtoridiculeit.（阿谀奉承是人之常情……事实上，即使我们假装嘲笑它，我们也可以尽情享受它）可知C选项“喜欢听阿谀奉承的话是人类的天性”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的Tobesureflatteryisroutinelycarriedtoobscenelengthsinthiscity,whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout“isinsomewaysclosertothecourtsofRenaissanceEuropethanitistoourmodernera”（阿谀奉承在这座城市里到处都有，正如Stengel正确的指出“在某些方面更接近文艺复兴时期的欧洲，而不是我们的现代时代”）可推测阿谀奉承在文艺复兴时期的欧洲宫廷也十分流行，因此选C。

5.观点态度题。由文章第二段中的Allofwhichisperfectlytrue（所有这些都是完全正确的）和第五段中的Flattery,hequitecorrectlysays（阿谀奉承，他说得很对）与whichasStengelcorrectlypointsout（正如Stengel正确的指出）可知作者对RichardStengel的观点都是用的正面肯定的词，故可知作者是赞成RichardStengel的观点的，因此选B。

15.单选题

ProfessorSmith’snewinventionhascreatedagreat______onthecampus.

问题1选项

A.sensation

B.selection

C.imitation

D.irrigation

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项sensation“感觉，轰动”，B项selection“选择，挑选”，C项imitation“模仿，仿造”，D项irrigation“灌溉”。根据句子关键词newinvention“新发明”可知，空格处填入A项符合语境。句意：史密斯教授的新发明在校园里引起了很大的轰动。因此，该题选择A项正确。

16.单选题

Thetwogovernmentsarecompletelyin______onthequestionsofpreservingpeace.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.accord

C.conversion

D.dissertation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项paradox“矛盾”，B项accord“符合，一致”，C项conversion“转换”，D项dissertation“专题，论文”。根据关键信息onthequestionsofpreservingpeace“在维护和平的问题上”，结合空格前面的in，可知填入accord符合语境，inaccord固定搭配，表示“符合，一致”。句意：两国政府在维护和平的问题上意见完全一致。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

I.Jurisprudence

ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000,theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore:“Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.”

Thousandsofotherexamplescouldbecited.TheRuleofLawisseenasafragilebutcrucialideal,andonethatisappropriatelyinvokedwhenevergovernmentstrytogettheirwaybyarbitraryandoppressiveactionorbyshort-circuitingthenormsandprocedureslaiddowninacountry’slawsorconstitution.Interferingwiththecourts,jailingsomeonewithoutlegaljustification,detainingpeoplewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess,manipulatingtheconstitutionforpartisanadvantage—alltheseareseenasabusesoftheRuleofLaw.

Iwouldliketoconsidertheroleofthisidealingeneraljurisprudence,thatis,intheconceptualworkthatwedoinlegalphilosophywhenwetrytoexplainwhatlawis.Iamgoingtoarguefortwopropositions:IshallarguethatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawandourunderstandingoftheconceptoflawoughttobemuchmorecloselyconnectedthantheyareinmodernjurisprudence;IshallarguealsothatourunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizenotjustthevalueofsettled,determinaterulesandthepredictabilitythattheymakepossible,butalsotheimportanceoftheproceduralandargumentativeaspectsoflegalpractice.

Ishallargue,moreover,thatthesetwopropositionsareconnected.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflawwhenweunderstandtheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemesthanwhenweseeitpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.TheproceduralaspectoftheRuleofLawhelpsbringourconceptualthinkingaboutlawtolife;andanunderstandingoflegalsystemsthatemphasizesargumentinthecourtroomasmuchastheexistenceandrecognitionofrulesprovidesthebasisforamuchricherunderstandofthevaluesthattheRuleofLawcomprisesinmodernpoliticalargument.

51.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTanabuseoftheRuleofLaw?

53.Accordingtothe3rdparagraph,theauthorthinksthat___.

54.Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothe4thparagraph?

问题1选项

A.JusticeStevensdidnotagreewiththemajorityoftheJustices.

B.Theyear2000wasayearwherePresidentialelectionwasheld.

C.TheJusticesknewwhotheloserwasintheelection.

D.Ateverystageofthedebate,theRuleofLawwasinvoked.

问题2选项

A.LettingthecourtdecidethefinalresultofthePresidentialelection.

B.Arrestingsomeonewithoutanysafeguardsofdueprocess.

C.Agovernmentagencygivingorderstocourtsforspecificcases.

D.Puttingsomeoneintojailwithoutatrialbycourt.

问题3选项

A.thescholars’understandingoftheRuleofLawiscorrect

B.theunderstandingoftheRuleofLawshouldemphasizeboththesubstantiveandproceduralaspects

C.whenpeopletrytoexplainwhatlawis,theytalkabouttheRuleofLaw

D.lawsaresettled,determinaterules

问题4选项

A.OneshouldlookattheRuleofLawatleastpartlyintermsofproceduralandargumentativethemes.

B.TheRuleofLawshouldbeseenpurelyintermsofdeterminacyandpredictability.

C.ItismucheasiertograsptheconnectionbetweentheRuleofLawandtheconceptoflaw.

D.UnderstandingoflawsbothasrulesandasthoseusedincourtroomshelpstounderstandtheRuleofLaw.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段theRuleofLawwasinvokedateachstageonallsidesofeveryissue,culminatinginthefamousdissentbyJusticeStevensinBushv.Gore（每一个阶段，每个问题的各方都援引了《法治》，最终以大法官史蒂文斯在布什诉戈尔案中提出的著名异议告终），结合法律知识，此处的异议是指案外人对执行标的提出不同的意见，而不是大法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数人的意见，A选项“法官史蒂文斯不同意大多数法官的意见”和原文不符，同时可知D选项“辩论的每一阶段都援引了《法治》”符合原文；第一段ManyreaderswillrememberthatduringtheelectoraldebacleinFloridain2000…（许多读者会记得2000年佛罗里达选举失败时的情形……）可知2000年正在进行总统选举，B选项“2000年是总统选举举行的一年”符合原文；第一段Althoughwemayneverknowwithcompletecertaintytheidentityofthewinnerofthisyear’sPresidentialelection,theidentityoftheloserisperfectlyclear.ItistheNation’sconfidenceinthejudgeasanimpartialguardianoftheRuleofLaw.（尽管我们可能永远无法完全确定今年总统选举的赢家是谁，但输家的身份是非常清楚的。这是国家对法官作为法治公正监护人的信任）可知C选项“法官们知道谁是选举中的失败者”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

52.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“anabuseoftheRuleofLaw”定位到原文第二段