考研考博-英语-大连外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连外国语大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirstforittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

问题1选项

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precedence“优先，居先”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D选项probability“可能性，机率”。句意：这个问题应该（）讨论，因为它比其他问题都重要。本句表示的是“这个问题应该优先讨论”，因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electricallychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpaboutunaccountably.ThishasledtheUSGeographicalSurveytofundanetworkofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationisersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/positiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectsonthemselves,oronothers,ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Somescientistsbelievethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theyfeelratherbad-temperedandshort-fussed.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

问题2选项

A.usinghome-madeelectricalgoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingonartificialfloorcoverings

D.copyingTVprogramsonacomputer

问题3选项

A.nearapoundwithawaterpump

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.highinsomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

问题4选项

A.Ionisers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans

D.Vacuumpumps.

问题5选项

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbetrusted

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquake

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“exceedingpositiveionization”可以定位到第二段第一句Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresentintheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.（当空气中存在大量的正离子时，许多人会产生头痛、疲劳、易怒等不良反应，一些特别敏感的人会感到恶心甚至精神障碍。），说明大量正离子会导致一些人容易脾气暴躁。因此B选项“他们觉得自己脾气相当不好，很暴躁”正确。A选项“他们认为自己疯了”，C选项“他们会变得非常虚弱”，D选项“他们太累了，什么也做不了”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“staticelectricity”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsetsduplicatorsorcomputerdisplayscreens.（也可能是由于室内地毯、人造纤维衣服、电视机、复印机、电脑屏幕产生的静电积聚造成的。），说明能够引起静电的有地毯、衣物等人造纤维、电视、复印机和电脑等。因此C选项“在人造地板覆盖物上行走”正确。A选项“使用自制的电器产品”，B选项“穿天然材料的衣服”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“在电脑上录制电视节目”虽然有电视和电脑，但并不属于能够从原文推断的范围，所以D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“negativeion”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.（相反，当大量的负离子出现时，那么人们就会有一种幸福感。产生这些大量负离子的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或喷泉，或在任何有水喷出，或形成水花的地方。），说明大量负离子的产生条件是水喷溅形成水花。因此D选项“旋转式喷水器”正确。A选项“在有水泵的地方附近”，B选项“靠近缓流河流的地方”，C选项“在一些荒山上”均不是能产生喷溅水花的地点，所以A，B，C错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“machine”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionisers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.（为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器：一种小型便携式设备，可以产生负离子。），说明离子发生器可以产生负离子。因此A选项“离子发生器”正确。B选项“空调”，C选项“排气扇”，D选项“真空泵”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.（毕竟依靠地震读数来预测地震是否比观察猫更有效，还有待商榷。），说明有些科学家认为通过地震仪来预测地震不一定有效，可能还不如观察动物。因此A选项“观察动物预测地震比依靠地震仪更有效”正确。B选项“动物的异常行为不可信”，C选项“观察和使用地震仪都不可靠”，D选项“地震”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

3.翻译题

Ofcourse,thereisfarmoreoilundergroundthancanberecovered.Itmaybeinapooltoosmallortoofarfromapotentialmarkettojustifytheexpenseofdrilling.Someoilliesunderregionswheredrillingisforbidden,suchasnationalparksorotherpubliclands.Evengiventhebestextractiontechniques,onlyabout30to40percentoftheoilinagivenpoolcanbebroughttothesurface.Therestisfartoodifficulttoextractandhastoremainunderground.

Moreover,gettingpetroleumoutofthegroundandfromundertheseaandtotheconsumercancreateenvironmentalproblemsanywherealongtheline.Pipelinescarryingoilcanbebrokenbyfaultsorlandslides,causingseriousoilspills.Spillagefromhugeoil-carryingcargoships,calledtankers,involvedincollisionsoraccidentalgroundings(suchastheoneoffAlaskain1989)cancreateoilslicksatsea.Offshoreplatformsmayalsoloseoil,creatingoilslicksthatdriftashoreandfoulthebeaches,harmingtheenvironment.Sometimes,thegroundatanoilfieldmaysubsideasoilisremoved.TheWilmingtonfieldnearLongBeach,California,hassubsidedninemetersin50years;protectivebarriershavehadtobebuilttopreventseawaterfromfloodingthearea.Finally,therefiningandburningofpetroleumanditsproductscancauseairpollution.Advancingtechnologyandstrictlaws,however,arehelpingcontrolsomeoftheseadverseenvironmentaleffects.

【答案】参考译文：

当然，地下还能发现更多的石油，油藏可能太小或远离潜在的市场因而钻井费用过高。一些石油存在于禁止钻井的地区，如国家公园或其他公共土地。即使提供最好的提取技术，油藏中也只有大约30%到40%的石油可以抽至地面。其余的因为太难抽取而不得不留在地下。

此外，从地下和海底开采石油并运送到消费者的途中的任何地方都会产生环境问题。石油运输管道可能因为故障或塌方损坏，造成严重的石油泄露。运载石油的油轮在发生碰撞或意外搁浅（如在1989年阿拉斯加发生的油轮搁浅）的情况下，石油泄露会导致海上产生浮油。海上钻井平台也可能会泄漏石油，导致油污漂流到岸上造成海滩污染，危害环境。有时一个油田的石油被抽取后，地面会发生下沉。加利福尼亚州长滩附近的威尔明顿油田在50年内下沉了9米；人们不得不建造保护屏障以防止海水灌进这个地区。最后，石油的炼制、燃烧以及其产品也会造成空气污染。不过，先进的技术和严格的法律正在协助控制这些对环境的不利影响。

4.翻译题

1.书籍引导我们进入优秀的社会群体，将我们带到伟大的思想家面前。

2.这些不同文化背景的年轻人都具有共同的爱好，喜欢同样的服饰、音乐和娱乐。

3.名声、财富和权利都是身外之物，人人可求而得之，但没有人能代替你感受人生。

4.中国坚持以人为本的科学发展观，着力构建和谐社会。

5.一个时代展现在我们面前；政治更加民主，社会全面进步，人们生活进一步提高。

【答案】1.Booksguideusintogoodsocialgroupsandbringustogreatthinkers.

2.Theseyoungpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundsallhavecommonhobbiesandlikethesameclothes,musicandentertainment.

3.Fame,wealthandpowerareworldlypossessionsthatcanbeacquiredbyall,butnoonecanfeellifeforyou.

4.Chinaadherestothepeople-orientedscientificconceptofdevelopmentandstrivestobuildaharmonioussociety.

5.Aneraisunfoldingbeforeus;politicsismoredemocratic,societyisprogressinginanall-roundway,andpeople’slivesarefurtherimproved.

5.单选题

Thereis（）whatwillhappentothem.

问题1选项

A.notelling

B.nottelling

C.nottotell

D.nottobetold

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnotelling意为：难以预料，很难说。句意：很那说他发生了什么事。

6.单选题

Schoolstartedona（

）colddayinFebruary.

问题1选项

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词、副词词义辨析。severe“严厉的”；bitter“严寒刺骨地”；such“这样的”；frozen“冻结的”。句意：在二月份极度寒冷的一天开学了。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Humanmigration:thetermisvague.Whatpeopleusuallythinkofisthepermanentmovementofpeoplefromonehometoanother.Morebroadly,though,migrationmeansalltheways—fromtheseasonaldriftofagriculturalworkerswithinacountrytotherelocationofrefugeesfromonecountrytoanother.

Migrationisbig,dangerous,compelling.Itis60millionEuropeansleavinghomefromthe16thtothe20thcenturies.Itissome15millionHindus,Skihs,andMuslimssweptupinatumultuousshuffleofcitizensbetweenIndiaandPakistanafterthepartitionofthesubcontinentin1947.

Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”

Butitismuchmorethanthat.Itis,ashasalwaysbeen,thegreatadventureofhumanlife.Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.

“Youhaveahistorybookwritteninyourgenes,”saidSpencerWells.Thebookhe’stryingtoreadgoesbacktolongbeforeeventhefirstwordwaswritten,anditisastoryofmigration.

Wells,atall,blondgeneticistatStanfordUniversity,spentthesummerof1998exploringremotepartsofTranscaucasiaandCentralAsiawiththreecolleaguesinaLandRover,lookingfordropsofblood.Intheblood,donatedbythepeoplehemet,hewillsearchforthestorythatgeneticmarkerscantellofthelongpathshumanlifehastakenacrosstheEarth.Geneticstudiesarethelatesttechniqueinalongeffortofmodernhumanstofindoutwheretheyhavecomefrom.Buthoweverthepathsaretraced,thebasicstoryissimple:peoplehavebeenmovingsincetheywerepeople.Ifearlyhumanshadn’tmovedandintermingledasmuchastheydid,theyprobablywouldhavecontinuedtoevolveintodifferentspecies.FrombeginningsinAfrica,mostresearchersagree,groupsofhunter-gatherersspreadout,driventotheendsoftheEarth.

TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.Thefirstfactorgaveusthekeystothedoorofanyroomontheplanet;theothergaveusreasonstousethem.

Overthecenturies,asagriculturespreadacrosstheplanet,peoplemovedtowardplaceswheremetalwasfoundandworkedandtocentersofcommercethatthenbecomecities.Thoseplaceswere,inturn,invadedandoverrunbypeoplelatergenerationscalledbarbarians.

Inbetweenthesestormsurgesweresteadierbutsimilarlyprofoundfidesinwhichpeoplemovedouttocolonizeorwerecapturedandbroughtinasslaves.ForawhilethepopulationofAthens,thatcityoflegendaryenlightenmentwasasmuchas35percentslaves.

“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.

Itisdifficulttothinkofanygreateventsthatdidnotinvolvemigration.Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.“It’spartofournature,thismovement,”Millersaid,“It’sjustafactofthehumancondition.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.AccordingtoKingsleyDavis,migrationoccursasaresultofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

3.WhichofthefollowinggroupsisNOTmentionedasmigrantsinthepassage?

4.Thereseemstobea(n)______relationshipbetweengreateventsandmigration.

问题1选项

A.Migrationexertsagreatimpactonpopulationchange.

B.MigrationcontributestoMankind’sprogress.

C.Migrationbringsaboutdesirableandundesirableeffects

D.Migrationmaynotbeaccompaniedbyhumanconflicts.

问题2选项

A.humanadaptability

B.humanevolution

C.culturaldifferences

D.inter-groupinequalities

问题3选项

A.Farmers.

B.Workers.

C.Settlers.

D.Colonizers.

问题4选项

A.loose

B.indefinite

C.causal

D.remote

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪个陈述是不正确的？”。根据第三段第一句Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.（移民是人口变化的动态的潜在影响：每个人的解决方案，每个人的冲突）可知，A项“人口迁移对人口变化有很大的影响”正确，而D项“移民可能不会伴随着人类冲突”与原文不符；由第三段最后一句Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”（随着世纪之交的到来，移民及其不可避免的经济和政治动荡被称为“下个世纪最大的挑战之一”）以及第四段最后一句Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.（移民帮助创造了人类，驱使我们征服这个星球，塑造了我们的社会，并有望再次重塑它们）可知，B项“移民有助于人类的进步”和C项“移民带来了有利和不利的影响”都符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据KingsleyDavis的说法，移民的发生是由于以下原因，除了……”。根据文章第七段TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.（在人口统计学家KingsleyDavis看来，有两件事促成了移民的发生。首先，人类可以用他们的工具和语言来适应不同的环境，而不必等待进化使他们适应新的环境。其次，随着人口的增长，文化开始出现差异，不同群体之间的不平等也在发展。）可知，移民发生的原因包括人类的适应性和文化的差异以及不同群体之间的不平等，A项“人类的适应能力”、C项“文化差异”和D项“部落之间的不平等”都是其中的原因，只有B项“人类进化”未提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪个群体在文章中没有提到是移民？”。最后一段讲述了几起重大事件引起的人口迁移：Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.（宗教催生了朝圣者或定居者；战争把难民赶到了他们面前，为征服者提供了新的土地；政治动荡使成千上万人流离失所；经济创新像磁铁一样吸引着工人和企业家；像饥荒或疾病这样的环境灾难把他们脏兮兮的生还者推到任何他们可以重新种植希望的地方。），由此可知，B项“工人”、C项“定居者”和D项“殖民者”都是移民的群体，只有A项“农民”没有被提到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在重大事件和移民之间似乎有一个……的关系”。根据倒数第二段“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.（特拉华大学政治学教授、《移民时代》的合著者MarkMiller最近告诉我：“让我震惊的是，移民和世界重大事件是因果关系。”）可知，C项“因果”正确；A项“松散的”、B项“不确定的”和D项“遥远的”都不准确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersofcorruption,crime,poverty,andmoraldegradation.Theirdistrustwascaused,inpart,byanationalideologytheyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.Thisattitudeprevailedevenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessentialfeatureofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeoplemigratedfromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspiciouswiththem.Thesenewurbanities,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracetheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.

Oneofmanyreformscameintheareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedbymunicipalgovernments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedbyregulatingtheutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.

Whilesomereformsfocusedongovernmentandpublicbehavior,otherslookedatthecitiesasawhole.Civicleaders,convincedthatphysicalenvironmentinfluencedhumanbehavior,arguedthatcitiesshoulddevelopmasterplanstoguidetheirfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.Urbanrenewalinthetwentiethcenturyfollowedseveralcourses.Somecitesintroducedplanstocompletelyrebuildthecitycore.Mostothercitiescontentedthemselveswithzoningplansforregulatingfuturegrowth.Certainpartsoftownwererestrictedtoresidentialuse,whileothersweresetaideforindustrialorcommercialdevelopment.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatmostpeoplewholivedinruralareas（）

3.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,manyruraldwellersmigratedtothecityinorderto（）

4.Whatconcerndidreformershaveaboutprivatelyownedutilitycompanies?

5.AllofthefollowingwerethedirectresultofpublicutilityreformsEXCEPT（）

6.Whydoestheauthormention"industrialization"inParagraph3?

问题1选项

A.Acomparisonofurbanandrurallifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.

B.Theroleofgovernmentintwentiethcenturyurbanrenewal.

C.Effortstoimproveurbanlifeintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Methodsofcontrollingurbangrowthinthetwentiethcentury.

问题2选项

A.weresuspiciousoftheirneighbors

B.wereveryproudoftheirlifestyle

C.believedcitygovernmenthadtoomuchpower

D.wantedtomovetothecities

问题3选项

A.participateintheurbanreformmovement

B.seekfinancialsecurity

C.complywithagovernmentordinance

D.avoidcrimeandcorruption

问题4选项

A.Theyfearedtheserviceswouldnotbemadeavailabletoallcitydwellers.

B.Theybelievedprivateownershipwouldsloweconomicgrowth.

C.Theydidnottrustthecompaniestoobeythegovernmentregulations.

D.Theywantedtoensurethattheserviceswouldbeprovidedtoruralareas.

问题5选项

A.localgovernmentsdeterminedtherateschargedbyprivateutilitycompanies

B.someutilitycompanieswereownedandoperatedbylocalgovernments

C.theavailabilityofserviceswasregulatedbylocalgovernment

D.privateutilitycompanieswererequiredtopayafeetolocalgovernments

问题6选项

A.Toexplainhowfasturbangrowthledtopoorlydesignedcities.

B.Toemphasizetheeconomicimportanceofurbanareas.

C.Tosuggestthatlabordisputeshadbecomeanurbanproblem.

D.Toillustratetheneedforconstructionofnewfactories.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨题。文章第一段主要讲述了美国人民对城市生活的看法，第二、三段主要讲述城市改革。结合全文，选项C更能概括全文主题。

第2题:细节推断题。根据第一段的第三句“theyproclaimedfanningthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.”他们宣称，这种意识形态宣扬的是最伟大的职业和农村生活优于城市生活。由此可以推断居住在乡下的人认为农村生活好，这就是一种"自豪感"。选项B正确。

第3题:细节推断题。根据第一段的五、六句“Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.”经济现实战胜了理想，为了获得稳定并且薪水高的工作，人们返回都市。选项B符合原文。

第4题:细节推断题。根据第二段的第三句“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”改革者担心私营的公用事业公司会对这些基本服务收取过高的费用，并且只向有能力承担的人提供这些服务。也就是说并非所有城市居民都能享受这些服务，选项A符合原文。

第5题:细节判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“Proponents...guaranteeafairprice.”可知选项A和C正确；根据第二段的第二句“Waterandsewerage...wereprivatelyowned.”可知选项B正确；选项D私营公用事业公司被要求向地方政府支付费用曲解了原文“Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.”的意思。

第6题:细节推断题。定位到第三段的第三句“Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.”城市规划并不是什么新鲜事，但是19世纪晚期的快速工业化和城市发展却没有考虑到秩序，也就是说对于发展的布局没有很好的构思和设计，这个就是提到industrialization的目的。选项A正确。

9.单选题

Johnwasnotselected（）;hewaschosenforthejobbecausehehadthemostexperience.

问题1选项

A.deliberately

B.alternatively

C.momentously

D.arbitrarily

【答案】D

【解析】副词辨析。句意：John并不是被（）选择的；他被选来承担这份工作是因为他拥有的工作经验最丰富。

deliberately故意地，谨慎地，慎重地；alternatively非此即彼，二者择一地；momentously重大地；arbitrarily随意地，武断地。D选项“随意地”符合句意。

10.填空题

ThelanguagesofAboriginalAustraliansconstituteanotherunrelatedgroup,anditis________whetherallAustralianlanguagesformasinglefamily.(debate)

【答案】debatable

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据关键词is，可知横线所在内容为表语，应该为形容词，debatable“有争议的”符合语境，指的是是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系这件事存在争议。

【句意】澳大利亚土著居民的语言构成了另一个不相关的群体，是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系，这是有争议的。

11.翻译题

许多人觉得跟计算机打交道比跟人打交道更自在。计算机更有耐心，不会对操作的人评头论足。许多学生向教师请教的时候，总会感到紧张，他们乐于向计算机提问。有些病人更愿意向计算机而不是向医生说明自己的病情，甚至出现了能够解决心理问题的计算机程序，因为许多人觉得与别人讨论自己的心理问题不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

12.单选题

Doyouthinkthatreligionis______withscience?

问题1选项

A.comparative

B.compatible

C.competitive

D.comparable

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.comparative比较的，相比的B.compatible可共用的；兼容的

C.competitive竞争的D.comparable类似的；可比较的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】从介词with可知，becompatiblewith是固定搭配，表示“与……相兼容”，且符合句意“你认为宗教和科学是______吗？”，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A、C没有此用法搭配；

D项becomparablewith表示“比得上……的，与……类似的”，不符合句意。

【句意】你认为宗教可以和科学共存吗？

13.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“间或，有时”，例句：Ithas,onoccasion，createdtroubleforthebank.(有时，这给银行造成麻烦。)；B选项onpurpose“故意”，例句：Icamehereonpurposetoseeyou.（我特地来这里看你。)；C选项oncondition“在……条件下，如果，倘若”，例句：Youcangooutonconditionthatyouwearanovercoat.(你要穿上外套才能出去。)；D选项onlyif“只要，只有”。用于句首时，后面主句的主谓语要倒装，例如：Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoenterthisroom.（只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这屋。)。四个选项中只有C选项oncondition后面跟that从句，表示“在……条件下”。句意：他向我借钱，我同意了，但条件是下周还钱。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

14.单选题

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

问题1选项

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spurs“鞭策；促进；策马前进；紧贴主干剪短”；B选项sprays“喷；扫射”；C选项squashes“把……压扁；挤进，塞入；压制，抑制；打断，制止；去除，粉碎；断然拒绝；把……镇住，使无言以对”；D选项spreads“传播；伸展；散布；展开；铺开”。句意：这种可快速均匀地喷洒成细雾的驱虫剂并非是简单地注入瓶中的。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

问题1选项

A.intendsreducing

B.intendstobereduced

C.isintendedtoreduce

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法。本句主语为Thislaw，宾语为：thenumberofaccidents，causedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus为非谓语动词引导的定语修饰先行词accidents，定语中包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句，句意：这项法律___儿童下车时跑过马路造成的事故数量。由基本句型结构可知空格处需要填入谓语，intend“打算；想要；意指”，结合主语，法律不会主动做某事，可至空格需要填入被动语态，排除A，B；最后根据固定搭配intendtodosth.“想要做；想要做某事”，因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

It’scloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.

_____.

问题1选项

A.Yes,takeiteasy.

B.Well,itjustdepends.

C.OK.Justinease.

D.Allright,you’rewelcome.

【答案】C

【解析】考查句意理解。句意：外面多云，请带伞。_____。所以回答应该是：好的，为了以防万一。A项“是的，慢慢来”；B项“仅仅取决于”；D项“不客气”。根据句意选C。

17.单选题

Theoldgentlemanwasavery______lookingperson,withgreyhairandgoldspectacles.

问题1选项

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respective

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.respectful表示敬意的，尊敬的B.respected尊重，尊敬v.

C.respective分别的，各自的D.respectable体面的，得体的，值得尊敬的

【答案】D

【考查点】形近词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词oldgentleman（老绅士）可知，avery______lookingperson表示的是“看起来值得尊敬的”。因此，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项是指对某人或某事充满敬意、表现出尊敬，在这不符合句意；

B项为动词不符合句子语法结构；

C项不符合句意。

【句意】这位老先生看上去很可敬，灰白头发，戴着一副金眼镜。

18.单选题

Students'goodbehaviorwillbetakeninto（

）whentheprizesarebeingdetermined.

问题1选项

A.regard

B.account

C.count

D.observation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:决定奖品的发放时，将会考虑学生的良好品行。

考查固定搭配。takeintoaccount考虑…。其他选项不能与takeinto搭配。

19.单选题

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribep