考研考博-英语-周口师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-周口师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itwasobviousthatmuchofwhattheyhadrecordedwasfarfrom（）.

问题1选项

A.thetruth

B.true

C.accuracy

D.factual

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。farfromthetruth意为“远非事实”。句意：很明显，他们所记录的大部分都不是事实。所以选项A正确。

2.单选题

Thelawyerthoughtthatpieceofevidencewas（）earlyintheinvestigationbutitturnedouttobevitalinconvictingthemanoftheft.

问题1选项

A.unchangeable

B.insignificant

C.inevitable

D.unsuitable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unchangeable“无法改变的”；insignificant“无关紧要的”；inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”;unsuitable“不适合的”。根据表转折的连词but可知前后有一个转折关系，后面提到“它（证据）成为指控那个男人盗窃的关键证据”，可知前面的内容是认为这个证据“无关紧要”，因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

问题2选项

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

问题3选项

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

问题4选项

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

问题5选项

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“根据1989年首次提出的“卫生假说”，儿童在早期的生活中接触各种细菌、病毒和寄生虫，有助于儿童的免疫系统做好准备，就像感官体验对大脑进行编程一样。”由此可推断，这个“卫生假说”证明了免疫系统发展的重要性，选项C符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.许多微生物在数百万年的时间里与人类共生进化，这就是所谓的“老朋友”理论。但是，在它们被根除的地方，人类发展的一个关键部分就被抛弃了。”选项C符合原文。

3.判断推断题。根据关键词“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘过敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各种传染病地理分布的一个镜像。’一份由法国研究人员撰写的关于卫生假说的报告称。”镜像与原像是相反的，这里是说他们的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“MichaelBell”定位到倒数第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人们应该要注意伤口的护理，因为细菌一旦进入血液就会引发问题，他还提倡勤洗手。”选项A符合原文；选项B和D不符合原文描述；选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选A。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子们在泥土里玩耍没有什么错，他们不必生活在完全卫生的环境中...”所以选项C“父母不必担心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。

4.单选题

Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall“feedbackmechanisms”.Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here’soneexample:plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetationmaynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSR,andScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofC02andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.

Therearedozensofotherpossible“feedbackmechanisms”.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe“albedo”effect,willdotheopposite.The“albedo”effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokesthrough,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.

Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Inthedevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.

Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation.Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjust7percentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.

1.“Feedbackmechanisms”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto（

）.

2.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby（

）.

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors

B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate

C.howclimatechanges

D.howclimatezonesshift

问题2选项

A.thecuttingofmanytrees

B.desirableenvironmentalchanges

C.successfulmigrationofspecies

D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees

问题3选项

A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming

B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown

C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels

D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption 

问题4选项

A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption

B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofC02yearlytotheatmosphere

C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhouse-gasemissions

D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels

问题5选项

A.MaterialProgressandEnergyConsumption.

B.ProsperityandCheapFossilFuels.

C.ImpactofGlobalWarmingonClimate.

D.PlantsandAnimalsintheChangingClimate.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段，作者举出了植物和动物适应气候变化的例子。气温上升可能对植被的生长带来不利影响，气候区的移动会使处于陌生环境下的物种死亡。濒临死亡的植被会引发火灾释放大量的二氧化碳，从而进一步加剧全球变暖。可判断出第一段主要讨论了动植物和气候变化之间的相互作用和相互关系。所谓的“反馈机制”就是这种相互作用的关系。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.”，可知气候学家詹姆斯•汉森预测，气候区将以每年50至75公里的速度向两极移动，比树的自然移动速度要快。而且发现自己身处陌生环境的物种将会死亡。可判断出詹姆斯•汉森预测，气候区域的变化将伴随着树木不成功地迁移。选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Therearedozensofotherpossible‘feedbackmechanisms’.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.”，可知还有许多其他的反馈机制。更高的温度将加剧凝结并增加云层，这实际上可能会减缓全球变暖。可判断出一些反馈机制可能会减缓全球变暖。选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.”，可知富裕国家居民平均每年向大气中排放3.2吨二氧化碳，是第三世界居民人均排放量的四倍多。可判断出一个第三世界国家的居民每年向大气中排放的二氧化碳还不到一吨。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章第一段主要讨论了动植物和全球气候变暖之间的相互作用和相互关系，着重讨论气候变暖给动植物带来的影响。第二段主要提到有些反馈机制也能减缓全球变暖，而有些反馈机制会加快气温上升。最后提到富国比第三世界国家的二氧化碳排放量要更多，这是因为物质进步与能源消耗有关。综上所述，整篇文章主题为全球变暖对气候的影响。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Theessentialproblemofmaninacomputerizedageremainsthesameasithasalwaysbeen.Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare,toidentifytheirrealproblems,torespondmorefullytobeauty,toplaceadequatevalueonlife,andtomaketheirworldsaferthanitnowis.

Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.Buttheycan'teliminatethefoolishnessanddecaythatcomefromtheunexaminedlife.Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto——therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.

Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.Unobstructedaccesstofactscanproduceunlimitedgoodonlyifitismatchedbythedesireandabilitytofindoutwhattheymeanandwheretheywouldlead.

Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended.Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact.Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.

Totheextent,then,thatmanfailstomakethedistinctionbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhumandecisionandconscience,thecomputercouldproveadigression.Itcouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimself.Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers."Ifwebeginwithcertainties,"Baconsaid,weshallendindoubts,butifwebeginwithdoubts,andwearepatientwiththem,weshallendincertainties.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheauthorwouldbelesscriticalofthecomputerif（

）.

2.Inacomputerizedage,whichoneofthefollowingshouldbegivenpriorityto?

3.Bysayingthat"Factsareterriblethingsifleftsprawlingandunattended"(Paragraph4),theauthoraimsto

（

）.

4.Theauthorregardscomputeras（

）.

问题1选项

A.itcanbetterimprovehumanproficiency

B.itcanbreaktheboundaryofthepracticalandtheoreticalintelligence

C.itcanbemorecreative

D.itcanmakepeoplemorealerttorealproblemsinhumansociety

问题2选项

A.Wisdom.

B.Intelligence.

C.Data.

D.Fact.

问题3选项

A.pointoutthattheabundanceoffactsmaybeharmfultohumanintellect

B.illustratethenecessityofalwaysattendingtofacts

C.showtheimportanceofusingpeople'sjudgmentinthecomputerizedage

D.tellthatfactsarealwaysirrelevantandneedtobeconnected

问题4选项

A.asubstituteforhumanintelligence

B.ameanstohelppeoplereachconcreteanswers

C.somethingthatcaninspirepeopletoaskfundamentalquestions

D.somethingthatisofsubsidiaryfunction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由第一段中“Theproblemisnotsolelyhowtobemoreproductive,morecomfortable,morecontent,buthowtobemoresensitive,moresensible,moreproportionate,morealive.问题不只是如何更有效率、更舒适、更满足，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有活力。”以及第二段中“Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto—therealityofpaininothers;thepossibilitiesofcreativegrowthinhimself;thememoryoftherace;andtherightsofthenextgeneration.它们也不能将一个人与之必须要联系的事情联系起来——即一些现实问题，比如他人痛苦；自身创造性成长的可能性；种族的记忆；以及下一代的权利。可知作者提出了计算机目前不能解决人类生活中的现实问题。故D项“如果计算机能够更敏感地捕捉人类社会存在的真实问题，那么作者会少些批判”正确。由“Thecomputermakespossibleaphenomenalleapinhumanproficiency;itdemolishesthefencesaroundthepracticalandeventhetheoreticalintelligence.计算机使人类熟练程度的显著飞跃成为可能；它打破了实践智能甚至理论智能的藩篱。”可知AB两项内容，计算机已经可以做到了。C项在文中未提及。答案D

第2题:细节事实题。由第三段中“Thereasonwhythesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom在计算机时代，这些问题之所以重要，是因为可能有一种将数据误认为是智慧的倾向”可反推在计算机时代，最重要的不是数据，而是智慧。故A项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由第四段中“Theyaretooeasilyregardedasevaluatedcertaintiesratherthanastherawestofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetextureoflogic.它们太容易被认为是经过评估的事实，而不是迫切需要加工成具有逻辑的最原始的材料。”以及“Thecomputercanprovideacorrectnumber,butitmaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgmentispronounced.计算机可以提供一个正确的数字，但在做出判断之前，它可能是一个不相关的数字。”可知电脑的数据不一定正确，需要人们去判断。答案C

第4题:推理判断题。由第二段中“Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.电脑能减少重要研究中的许多死胡同。”可知计算机只是起到辅助作用。由最后一段“Itmayfostertheillusionthatheisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenheisactuallyaskingonlyfunctionalones.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensiontoit.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.这可能会造成一种错觉，让人们觉得他问的是基本问题，而实际上他问的只是功能性问题。让人们觉得它可以被看作是智力的替代品，而不是智力的延伸。它可能会使人们对具体的答案产生过分的信心。可知ABC三项不正确。答案D

6.单选题

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

问题1选项

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“进退两难的局面，困难的选择”；B选项“面容，脸色”，如：asadcountenance（愁容）；C选项“让步”；D选项“连接处，汇合处”，句意：通过观察别人眼睛的即时和短暂的反应和（）来表达思想，我们可以更好地理解他们。题干想表达的含义是“短暂的反应和脸色来表达思想”，因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thepolicehavebeeninterviewingpeopleintheareainthehopethatitwill（）furtherinformationaboutthecrime.

问题1选项

A.unload

B.reveal

C.endow

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。unload

卸下,

摆脱负担；reveal揭露；endow赋予；yield屈服。句意：警方一直在采访该地区的人,

希望能够揭露更多有关这个犯罪事件的信息。选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Anelderlymanhas______doctorsatthelocalhospitalbylivingafterhewasofficiallydeclareddead.

问题1选项

A.confounded

B.concurred

C.conflated

D.connived

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confound“使混淆，使困惑惊讶”，B项concur“同意，一致，互助”，C项conflate“合并，异文合并”，D项connive“共谋，纵容，默许”。由livingafterhewasofficiallydeclareddead“在他被正式宣布死亡后还活着”可知，“使惊讶”符合语境。句意：一位老人在被正式宣布死亡后还活着，这让当地医院的医生们感到困惑。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.翻译题

对于多数人来讲，引起焦虑的主要原因是高昂的房价、教育的支出和医疗费用。人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。

【答案】Formostpeople,themaincausesofanxietyarethehighcostofhousing,educationandhealthcare.Peoplearelivingunderenormouspressure,buttheyseelittlehopeforescapeastheirincomesarelowandtheirincreasesareslow.Atatimethatseemstobefullofopportunitiespeoplelivewithmanyanxieties.

10.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin（）tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项incomparisonto“与，与……相比，与……比较而言”；B选项inproportionto“与……成比例的；与……相称的”，反义词词组是outofproportion；C选项association“协会，联合，联想”，没有inassociationto这个说法；D选项calculation“计算，估计，计算的结果，深思熟虑”，也没有incalculationto这个说法，句意：他在度假和奢侈品上的开支与他的收入比起来相当高。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan（

）totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.

问题1选项

A.counton

B.countin

C.countup

D.countout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。

短语辨析。counton依靠,依赖;countin把..算在内;countup加起来;countout点数。故选A。

12.单选题

Arecentofhomebuyingpatterns（）showsthatmanypeopleunder30inAmericaarestillrenting.

问题1选项

A.status

B.bonus

C.chorus

D.census

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项status“地位；状态”；B选项bonus“奖金；红利；额外津贴”；C选项chorus“合唱队；齐声”；D选项census“人口普查；普查”。句意：针对住宅购买模式的一项最近普查显示，在美国很多30岁以下的人仍然在租房。由句意可知D选项正确。

13.单选题

Grainproductionintheworldis（

）,butstillmillionsgohungry.

问题1选项

A.staggering

B.shrinking

C.soaring

D.suspending

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stagger“蹒跚，使交错”；shrink“收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar“高涨”。句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

TheGrand______intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswideatitsmaximum.

问题1选项

A.Canyon

B.Ford

C.Abyss

D.Quarry

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Canyon大峡谷B.Ford浅滩

C.Abyss深渊，无底洞D.Quarry采石场

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息“intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswide（在美国，它深1900米，宽25公里）”可知，句子前半部分涉及的是峡谷，岩壁一类的，而固定搭配“theGrandCanyon”可表示美国的科罗拉多大峡谷，因此本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】美国大峡谷深1900米，最宽25公里。

15.单选题

ThepopulationofPennsylvaniaincreasedfrom50,000in1730tomorethan200,000in1763,（）tothethousandsofScotchIrish.

问题1选项

A.ineffect

B.inconsequence

C.inlargepart

D.atlarge

【答案】C

【解析】inlargepart表示“主要地”，相当于mainly：ineffect意为“实际”“事实上”；inconsequence意为“因而”“结果”；atlarge意为“大体上”。本句意为：“宾夕法尼亚的人口从1730年的5万增加到1763年的20万，主要是由于苏格兰和爱尔兰人混血的后裔造成的。”

16.单选题

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

问题1选项

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

问题2选项

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

问题3选项

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

问题4选项

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

问题5选项

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先认识到并充分欣赏你所处的阶段，否则你无法做到这一点）可知选C选项“求职者应该充分了解他们所处的阶段”；A选项“大多数年轻人如果不学习四阶段理论就找不到工作”，B选项“有好工作的年轻人学习过四阶段理论”以及D选项“年长的雇员将被年轻人逼出就业市场”未在原文提及。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多岁的人被困在劳动力的中间阶层，他们抱怨要等前辈为他们上层腾出空间）可知选B选项“40多岁的人”；A选项“年轻人经常换工作”，C选项“年龄较大的员工有可能提前退休”以及D选项“人们在他们的职业周期中没有完成四个阶段”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看来，两代人之间的差异不是一个问题，而是一个机会）可知选C选项“两代人之间的差异与其说是一个问题，不如说是一个机会”；A选项“一代人的抱负迟早会成为现实”，B选项“找到好工作主要取决于年龄”原文未提及；根据原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（产品或品牌的生命周期有四个阶段。名字可能不同，但基本上这四个阶段是入门，成长，成熟和衰退。作为一名管理知名运动员30多年的经理，我知道这四个阶段肯定适用于运动员的职业生涯和市场价值）可知原文并没有提到产品的市场性，D选项“产品的市场性可以与运动员的市场性相比较”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一个运动员的入门或启动阶段是指他或她开始比赛，表现出色，并在这项运动中吸引人们的注意力）可知选A选项“入门阶段”；B“增长阶段”，C选项“成熟阶段”，D选项“衰退期”没有提到吸引力这一项。因此A选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“olderemployees”定位到原文倒数第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年长员工……不是因为他们可以得到，而是因为他们拥有员工在入门和成长阶段所缺乏的品质，即智慧和经验）可知选D选项“他们有更多的智慧，经验和负担能力”，同时可知C选项“他们在生长阶段拥有更好的品质”和原文不符；A选项“他们善于推销自己”，B选项“他们很听话，很容易控制”未提及。因此D选项正确。

17.翻译题

中国画是中国传统艺术的一个重要分支。使用长毫毛笔，墨汁及水彩在绢纸上创作的传统中国画可谓硕果累累，且对中国文化与艺术有着重要影响。

传统中国画可以按其主题分为人物，山水，花鸟画等，或依据创作技法区分为工画(Meticulous)和写意画(Thought-sketching)。

中国画将诗、书、画、印结合起来，构成一种程式化形式的艺术。凭借上述元素，中国画能够充分展现B师的艺术特色，并且增添了其美学价值。

【答案】ChinesepaintingisanimportantbranchofChinesetraditionalart.Withusinglonghairpens,inkandwatercolor,traditionalChinesepaintingscreatedonsilkpaperhavebeenfruitfulandhavehadanimportantimpactonChinesecultureandart.

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