考研考博-英语-四川信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川信息职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.

问题1选项

A.masters

B.mumbles

C.molests

D.muzzles

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。master“控制；精通；征服”；mumble“含糊地说”；molest“骚扰，调戏；干扰”；muzzle“使······缄默”。句意：我们不能理解乔治叔叔说了什么，因为他总是含糊地说。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

Factorsleadingtothecrisisincludedpoorregulation,mismanagemetanddeceptionintheindustry,andcompetitionfromothertypesoffinancialfirms.

问题1选项

A.pollution

B.cheating

C.abuse

D.unemployment

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。deception“欺骗，欺诈”；A选项pollution“污染”；B选项cheating“行骗，欺诈”；C选项“abuse滥用；虐待；恶习”；D选项unemployment“失业；失业人数”。句意：导致危机的因素包括监管不力、管理不善和行业欺诈，以及来自其他类型金融公司的竞争。deception有“欺诈的”意思，因此B项正确。

3.单选题

Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.depositedin

B.residedin

C.blurryto

D.isolatedfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lodgein意为“固定在，留在”；depositin意为“存放，存在”；residein意为“居住，存在于”；blurryto意为“模糊到”；isolatefrom意为“与……隔离”。

句意：如果有异物卡在眼睛内，需要医疗救助。

4.单选题

I（）thathewasalittlecrippledinthelegsoIsloweddownmypace.

问题1选项

A.perceived

B.deceived

C.conceived

D.received

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉，感知”；B选项deceive“欺骗”；C选项conceive“设想，构思，认为”；D选项receive“接收”。根据句意“我察觉到他的腿有点跛，所以我放慢了脚步。”选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Althoughhethoughthewashelpingustopreparethedinner,hewasactually（）theway.

问题1选项

A.in

B.off

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐，但实际上他是在帮倒忙。

考查短语辨析。Intheway妨碍，挡道；offtheway远离正道;bytheway顺便说一下；ontheway在…途中。根据前半句句意“虽然他以为他是在帮我们准备晚餐”可知A符合句意，这里可以理解为“帮倒忙”。

6.单选题

Hewasaccompaniedbyhisfaithfulfriendandsecretary,Mr.WilliamMinns,（

）.

问题1选项

A.withoutwhomhenevertravelled

B.withoutwhohenevertravelled

C.withouthimhenevertravelled

D.henevertravelledwithouthim

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中填入非限制性定语从句，可由介词without+关系代词引导，who和him不能用作关系代词引导定语从句，选项B和C可排除。句意：他忠实的朋友兼秘书威廉•明斯先生，没有他经常陪同着他，每次旅游都会和他一起。因此选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Huntingisthoughttobe（）fortheextinctionofsomewildlife.

问题1选项

A.responsible

B.blamed

C.charged

D.denounced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。responsible“负责任的”，词组beresponsiblefor“承担……责任”，tobeblamefor“应受责备”，bechargedwith“”被控告”，denounce“公然抨击”，句意：野生动物灭绝的原因应该归咎于狩猎。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Thesmallbirdsnative（

）centralandeasternEuropeusedtomigratesouthwesttospendthewinterinsouthernFrance,SpainandnorthernAfrica.

问题1选项

A.in

B.onto

C.with

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。in在…里；onto在…上；with和…;nativeto表示“来自，产自”，句意：这种来自欧洲中部和东部的小鸟经常会向西南方向迁徙，在法国、西班牙的南部和非洲北部过冬。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

WalterAnderson___theHoratioAlgerSocietythesameyearIdid.

问题1选项

A.joinstheranksof

B.jointherankof

C.joinedtherankof

D.joinedtheranksof

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.joinstheranksof成为……的一员B.jointherankof加入……的阶层

C.joinedtherankof加入了……的阶层D.joinedtheranksof成为了……的一员

【考察点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句意，这个人应该是加入了某个团体组织的成员。所以用ranksof，表示加入了……（团体或组织的成员）。句中thesameyearIdid是一个时间状语，Idid做时间状语中的定语，因此该句应该为过去式。所以选D

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后进行搭配。

【句意】沃尔特•安德森在我加入的同一年加入了霍雷肖•阿尔杰协会。

10.单选题

Noformofgovernmentintheworldis（）;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentneedsoftheregionorthenation.

问题1选项

A.dominant

B.influential

C.integral

D.drastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant“显性的，占优势的，统治的”；influential“有影响力的”；integral“积分的，完整的”；drastic“激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政体是占统治地位的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G”.Eachstudyalsoincludedbothidenticaltwins,withthesamegenes,andfraternaltwins,sharingabouthalftheirgenes,makingitpossibletodistinguishthecontributionsofgenesandenvironmenttotheirGscores.

Plomin’steamcalculatedthatinchildhood,genesaccountforabout41percentofthevariationin

intelligence.Inadolescence,thisroseto55percent；byyoungadolescence,itwas66percent.Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage,butPlominsuggeststhataschildrenget

older，theybecomebetteratexploitingandmanipulatingtheirenvironmenttosuittheirgeneticneeds,

andsays“KidswithhighGwillusetheirenvironmenttofostertheircognitiveabilityandchoosefriends

whoarelike-minded.”ChildrenwithmediumtolowGmaychooselesschallengingpastimesand

activities,furtheremphasizingtheirgeneticlegacy.

Isthereanywaytointerferewiththepattern?Perhaps.“Theevidenceofstrongheritabilitydoesn’t

meanatallthatthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit，”saysSusanneJaeggi，“Fromourownwork,the

onesthatstartedoffwithlowerIQscoreshadhighergainsaftertraining.’’

Plominsuggeststhatgeneticdifferencesmaybemoreemphasizedifallchildrenshareanidenticalcurriculuminsteadofitbeingtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.“Myinclinationwouldbetogiveeveryoneagoodeducation,butputmoreeffortintothelowerend,”hesays.IntelligenceresearcherPaulThompsonagrees:“Itshowsthateducatorsneedtosteerkidstowardsthingsdrawingouttheirnaturaltalents.”

1.Whatisthecommonnotionthatpeopleholdaboutgenes?

2.ThestudybyPlomin’steamaimstofindout(

)

3.Fromtheexperimentwithtwins,Plomin’steamdrawsaconclusionthat(

).

4.Theword“pattern”inparagraphfourisclosestinmeaningto(

).

5.WhichofthefollowingmightPlomin’steamleastagreeto?

问题1选项

A.Humanscandolittletochangethegeneticdifferencesbetweenpeople.

B.Geneticinfluencebecomesstrongerwhenpeoplereceiveeducation.

C.Genescontributemoretoone’sintelligencethanenvironmentalfactors.

D.Environmentalfactorslessentheinfluenceofgenesonone’sintelligence.

问题2选项

A.whethervariationsinintelligencearecausedbygeneticdifferences

B.howtooverpowergeneticfactorswithneweducationalapproaches

C.whethergeneticcontributiontoone’sintelligencevarieswithage

D.therelationshipbetweenenvironmentandgenes

问题3选项

A.geneticcontributionincreaseswhenonegrowsolder

B.geneticinfluencedecreaseswhenageincreases

C.environmenthasmoreimpactonfraternaltwinsthanidenticaltwins

D.itremainsamysteryhowgenesandenvironmentco-influencepeople

问题4选项

A.cognitiveability

B.strongheritability

C.geneticlegacy

D.challengingpastimes

问题5选项

A.Anidenticalcurriculumtoschoolchildren.

B.AdifferentiatedcoursedesigntochildrenwithvariedIQ.

C.MoreeffortdirectedatchildrenwithmediumorlowG.

D.Educationtailoredtochildren’snaturalabilities.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“asweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegeneticlegacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmentalinfluence环境影响”将逐渐大于“geneticlegacy基因遗传”。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出______。根据关键词“Plomin’steam”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。因此选项C符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_______。第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomin’steamcalculatedthat…”，第三句中“Nooneknowswhytheinfluencefromgenesshouldincreasewithage”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。因此选项A符合题意。

4.词义推测题。题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_______。定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plomin认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。因此选项A符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。因此选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Theenergeticultravioletradiationis______tolifesinceittendstobreakupthecomplicatedmoleculesonwhichlifedepends.

问题1选项

A.indissoluble

B.indolent

C.indiscreet

D.inimical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项indissoluble“不能分解的，不能溶解的”，B项indolent“懒惰的，无痛的”，C项indiscreet“轻率的，不慎重的”，D项inimical“敌意的，有害的”。由原因状语sinceittendstobreakupthecomplicatedmoleculesonwhichlifedepends“因为它倾向于分解生命所依赖的复杂分子”可知，“有害的”符合语境。句意：高能的紫外线辐射对生命是有害的，因为它往往会破坏生命所依赖的复杂分子。因此，该题选择D项正确。

13.翻译题

4.Whenpeoplefaceachallengetheysometimestalkabouttakingadeepbreathtofindcourageorstrength.Infact,theword“inspire”literallymeans“tobreathein”.Butevenwiththeinspirationofothers,it’sunderstandablethatwesometimesthinktheworld’sproblemsaresobigthatwecandolittletohelp.Onourown,wecannotendwarsorwipeoutinjustice,butthecumulativeimpactofthousandsofsmallactsofgoodnesscanbebiggerthanweimagine.

【答案】【参考译文】

4.遭遇挑战的人们有时会说，深吸一口气，拿出勇气和力量。事实上，“鼓舞”的字面意思就是“吸气”。可即便受到他人鼓舞，我们有时还是发现，这个世界的问题太大，我们所做的不过杯水车薪，这是可以理解的。就我们自己而言，我们无法结束战争，扫荡不公，可成千上万微不足道的善行累加起来，却能产生我们想象不到的影响。

14.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobeunderstoodtosharethesamemeaning.Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles.Nevertheless,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.

Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Thetestwashard.2)Thetestwasdifficult.Isthedifferencebetweenthesesynonymsreadilyapparent?Isthereanoticeabledifferencebetweenthematall?Indeed,thesequestionsarevalidandwarrantanswer.For,whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatehowitfeelstouseaword.

So,ifthereisindeedadifferencebetweenwordslike"hard"and“difficult”，whatisit?Tobegin,"hard"ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn’tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"difficult”iseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.Why,themeredifferenceinsonicqualitybetweenthemisstrikingenough.“Hard”makesaquick,unassumingsound,havingbutasinglesyllable(voicedundercertaininflections,itcanevencomeacrossasharsh),while"difficult"ismorelengthyandmelodic,itsnumberofsyllablestotalingthreetimesthatofitscounterpart.Furthermore,"hard"ismorelikelytobeusedincasual,informalcircumstances,ortocommunicateanidea"onthego"orsimplyto"getitout"asthesayingsgo.Itisusedwithoutpretense,anddoesnotmaintainafeelingofbeingoverlyconcerned.Intermsofdailyusage,"hard"maybeemployedbyanexhaustedbrickmasonwhenposedwiththequestion,"Howwasyourday?"Conversely,"difficult”maybeusedbyamilitarygeneraluponexplainingtohisorhersuperiortheprogressionofaparticularlytaxingcampaign.Similarto"hard"and"difficult",thewords"weird"and"strange"tooareclosesynonyms,andmayseeminglybeusedinterchangeably.Takeforinstancethefollowingsentences:1)Seamonkeysareweird.2)Seamonkeysarestrange.Contrarytopopularbelief,thesesentencesarenottautologous.Sohowdotheydiffer?Theirdictionarydefinitionsarenearlyidentical,sothedifferencedoesnotliethere.Rather,thedifferenceinvolvesthefeeling,ormood,thatthesewordsconvey.Noticethatwhile"weird"and"strange"bothhavebutonesyllable,thelatterhasaremarkablydistinguishedfeel.

Similarto"hard","weird"conveysamorebasic,amorecrude,sentiment.Something"weird"iscrassorgross,andistypicallyundesirable.Noonewantstobeassociatedwithsomething"weird".Iftryingtoimpresssomeone,oneprobablydoesn'twanttobecategorizedamongthe"weird".Ontheotherhand,ifsomethingislabeledas"strange",itisnotnecessarilybad.Rather,something"strange"issimplyabnormal,orunusual―adeviationfromwhatisexpected.Thisdistinctionbetween"weird"and"strange"issopronouncedthatthelattercanbeusedasaeuphemismfortheformerincertainsituations.Forexample,noticehowasimplesubstitutionisabletomakethefollowingsentencelessoffensive:"Yourmother'scookiestasteweird"comparedto“Yourmother'scookiestastestrange".Intheformersentence,thespeakersoundsasthoughheorsheisinsultingyourmother'scookies,statingthattheytastebad.Inthelattersentence,however,thespeakersoundsasthoughthecookiessimplytastedifferent,orunusual,comparedtowhatheorsheisusedto—thedifferenceowingtotheinnocuousadditionoftoomuchflour,perhaps.

Finally,let'slookatthesynonyms,"happy"and"glad".Asintheaforementionedcases,thesewordsseemtohavelittleornodiscernibledifferencebetweenthem.Takeforexamplethefollowingsentences:1)Tommyishappybecausehegotanewbike.2)Tommyisgladbecausehegotanewbike.Mostunderstandthesesentencestohavethesamemeaning.Andagain,uponconsultingadictionary,onewillfindhighlysimilar,ifnotthesame,definitions.Butthesedefinitionslackthefeeling,theuniqueemotionalchargethatthesewordsconvey.Theword“happy”conveysasenseoflevity,oracarefreeattitude.Thethoughtofsomeonewhois“happy”conjurestheimageofabright-eyed,ruddy,smilingface.Oneis“happy”onthemorningofhisbirthday,discoveringanewpuppyboundingintohisbedroom.Ontheotherhand,theword“glad”conjurestheimageofamanstandingcrossed-armed,noddinggently.Astoicgrincrossinghisface.Oneis“glad”whenheseesthatthechild’slostpuppyhasbeenfound,andwasmerelyfrolickingtoofarfromhome.

Granted,thenotionthatclosesynonymscanbeusedinterchangeablyisprevalentamongEnglishspeakers.Andalas,thedictionary—thetextpurportedtoberesponsibleforclarifyingsuchissues—isoflittleassistance.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.Usingtheexamplesandinsightsdescribedabove,onemaycometorecognizethesesubtle,yetcrucial,differences.

1.Whatisthethesisstatementinthispassage?

2.Asusedinparagraph1,whatismostlikelymeantby“scrupulouspedanticalness”？

3.Asusedinparagraph2,whichofthefollowingbestdescribessomethingthatissuperfluous?

4.Inparagraph3,theauthorwrites:"Tobegin,'hard'ispragmaticandrealistic,firmlygroundedinreality.Itisautilitarianwordthatgetsthejobdoneanddoesn'tapologizeforitsbrusque,uncouthnature.Ontheotherhand,"'difficultiseloquentandrefined.Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane."Whichofthefollowingliterarydevicesisusedinthisquotation?

5.Withrespecttothewayinwhichclosesynonymsarecommonlyunderstood,theauthor'stonecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itisnotuncommonforclosesynonymstobebelievedtosharethesamemeaning.(paragraph1)

B.However,forthoseofuswithamplecompulsiveness(andtime),itisofsignificantvaluetocomprehendsuchnuances.(paragraph1)

C.Whilemanyclosesynonymssharesimilar,ifnotthesame,dictionarydefinitions,thefeeling,ormood,theyconveyisutterlysingular.(paragraph2)

D.Althoughadictionarycanprovideinformationaboutwordmeanings,pronunciations,etymologies,inflectedforms,derivedforms,etcetera,itcannotcommunicatetheenergyofaword,(paragraph2)

E.Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.(paragraph6)

问题2选项

A.mildcuriosity

B.wryskepticismof

C.passionateindignation

D.stubbornreluctance

E.excessiveconcern

问题3选项

A.Yokoexpectstohavesixdinnerguests,soshesetsthetablewithsixplaces.Ontheside,however,shekeepsanothertwoplacesjustincaseherguestsbringfriends.

B.Theinstructionssaytofillthetireswith35-38poundspersquareinchofair,butMichelefillsthemwith40poundspersquareinchbecausetheyareoldandtendtoleak.

C.ManufactureofModel24AhadbeenscheduledtobeginonMay8.However,creditorsfailedtoforwardmuchneededmonetaryadvancements,delayingthestartofproductionuntilMay10.

D.Thepassingofsinger--songwriterJonathanOrionDavisleftthousands,ifnotmillions,inmourning.Thiswasreflectedbytheastoundingnumberofrosesplacedonhisopencoffin:averitablemountainthathadtoberelocatedbecausethosepayingtheirrespectscouldnolongerviewthedeceased.

E.Lavishedwithcriticalacclaim,thepublicationwasslatedtogeneratetremendousrevenueinsales.Unfortunately,demandhadbeenoverestimated,andasaresult,tenthousandcopiesneverleftstoreshelves.

问题4选项

A.Onomatopoeia

B.hyperbole

C.metaphor

D.personification

E.oxymoron

问题5选项

A.belligerent

B.supercilious

C.rueful

D.conscientious

E.blase

【答案】第1题:E

第2题:E

第3题:E

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中“Intheend,itislefttous,thespeakersofthelanguage,thoseactivelyresponsibleformaintainingitssustenanceandgeneration,tounderstandhowthesewordsmakeusfeelandwhatmoodweareinclinedtoattachtothem.”最后，去理解这些同义词如何让我们感受且我们倾向于为它们附上何种语气成了这些积极负责同义词的维持和产生的语言使用者的工作，可知E选项符合题意。

2.词义题。根据文章第一段中“Onemayemployoneortheotherwithcompleteindifference,postulatingnodiscrepancybetweenthem.Ingeneralthisiswellandgood;mostpeoplelackthescrupulouspedanticalnesstoquibbleoversuchtrifles”可知人们可能不在意这些同义词的区别，说明对同同义词缺乏一种仔细认真探究精神，因此E选项“过度关心”符合题意。A选项“轻微的好奇心”；B选项“对……有固执己见的怀疑”；C选项“激动的愤慨”；D选项“执拗的不情愿”。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“whatwouldbethepointtohavingmultiplewordswiththeexactsamemeaning?No,thatwouldbesuperfluous;theEnglishlanguagebeingfartooeconomical.”有许多意思完全相同的单词有什么意义呢？没有任何意义，那将是多余的;英语在用词上非常简练，可知E选项中的“andasaresult”属于多余的成分。

4.推理判断题。根据句中“Itiscivilized,willingtoexpendtheeffortnecessarytoappearurbane.”它（指单词difficult）是文明的，愿意付出必要的努力来显得彬彬有礼。可知彬彬有礼一般是用来形容人的，此处用的是拟人的修辞手法，因此D选项“拟人”符合题意。A选项“拟声”；B选项“夸张”；C选项“暗喻”；E选项“矛盾修辞法，逆喻”。

5.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Thedifferencebetweenwordslike“hard”and"difficult",forexample,goestragicallyunnoticed.”例如，单词hard和difficult这样的词之间的区别，不幸地没有被注意到，可知作者的语气是悲伤的，因此选C。

15.单选题

Terroristactivities,inwhateverforms,aretobedenouncedbypeace-lovingpeopleworldwide.

问题1选项

A.announced

B.forgiven

C.condemned

D.despised

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界爱好和平的人民的谴责。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

16.单选题

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadfalsifiedandfabricateddata.Hiscareerasascientistwasfinished.Scientificscandals,whichareasoldasscienceitself,tendtofollowsimilarpatternsofpresumptionandduereward.

Inrecentyears,ofcourse,thepressureonscientiststopublishinthetopjournalshasincreased,makingthejournalsmuchmorecrucialtocareersuccess.ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.Eachscientificspecialtyhasitsownsetofjournals.PhysicistshavePhysicalReviewLetters,neuroscientistshaveNeuron,andsoforth.ScienceandNature,though,aretheonlytwomajorjournalsthatcoverthegamutofscientificdisciplines,frommeteorologyandzoologytoquantumphysicsandchemistry.Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.Andscientistslooktothejournalsinparttoreachjournalists.Whydotheycare?Competitionforgrantshasgottensofiercethatscientistshavesoughtpopularrenowntogainanedgeovertheirrivals.Publicationinspecializedjournalswillwintheacclaimsfromacademicsandsatisfythepublish-or-perishimperative,butScienceandNaturecomewiththeaddedbonusofpotentiallygettingyourpaperwrittenupinTheNewYorkTimesandotherpublications.

Scientiststendtopaymoreattentiontothebigtwothantootherjournals.Whenmorescientistsknowaboutaparticularpaper,they’remoreapttociteitintheirownpapers.Beingoft-citedwillincreaseascientist's“ImpactFactor’’，ameasureofhowoftenpapersarecitedbypeers.Fundingagenciesusethe"ImpactFactor'*asaroughmeasureoftheinfluenceofscientiststhey’reconsideringsupporting.

1.TheachievementsofJanHendrikSchonturnedouttobe（

）.

2.TofindwhyscientificscandalslikeSchon’soccur,peoplehavebeguntoraisedoubtaboutthetwotopjournalsfor

（

）.

3.Theexpression’’thecreamofthecrop”inParagraph3likelymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.surprising

B.inconceivable

C.praiseworthy

D.fraudulent

问题2选项

A.theiracademicprestige

B.theirimportancetocareersuccess

C.theirpopularitywithscientificcircles

D.theirreviewingsystem

问题3选项

A.themostofall

B.thebestofall

C.therecentlyreleased

D.thewidelyspread

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问‘JanHendrikSchon的成就被证明是…’。在第一段中，最开始讲到Schon的成绩好得令人难以置信，而后其同事发现他是抄袭的，然后贝尔实验室的调查发现了他伪造和捏造了数据，所以他结束了其科学生涯。所以D选项“骗人的”正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘为了找出像肖恩这样的科学丑闻发生的原因，人们开始怀疑两个顶级期刊上…’。由第二段第二句“ThequestionsarewhetherNatureandSciencehavebecometoopowerfulasarbitersofwhatsciencereachtothepublic,andwhetherthejournalsareuptotheirtaskasgatekeepers.他质疑的问题是，自然和科学是否已经变得过于强大，成为科学走向公众的仲裁者，以及这些期刊是否能够胜任它们作为看门人的任务。”确定A选项“它们的学术声誉”正确。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第3段中的“thecreamofthecrop”可能是指’。由第三段第四句“Asaresult,journalistslooktothemeachweekforthecreamofthecropofnewsciencepapers.因此，记者们每周都要从这些新发表的科学论文中寻找精华。”确定B选项“所有中最好的”正确。

17.单选题

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（）.

3..Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（）.

4..Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?

5..Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）

问题1选项

A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand

B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute

C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet

D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans

问题2选项

A.talkers

B.the"speakeasy"

C.the"spacemaker"

D.texters

问题3选项

A.quiterevealing

B.wellwritten

C.unacceptablebyothers

D.shockingtoothers

问题4选项

A.Talkers

B.The“speakeasy”

C.The“spacemaker”

D.Texters

问题5选项

A.TheSMSEffect

B.CulturalImplicationofMobileUse

C.ChangeintheUseoftheMobile

D.BodyLanguageandtheMobilePhone!

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第三段指出:Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8"，but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare