考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ourmultimillionnerve-cellcentralnervoussystemhasitsrootsinthescatterednervecellsoftiny,lowlyorganismsthatlivedinwaterhalfabillionyearsago.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates—“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone.Acoelenterate’snervenetworklacksanykindofcentralizedcontrol.Thisprobablybeganwithflatworms--thefirstcreaturetopossessahead.

Specializedsensecellshelpflatwormsrespondmoreflexiblythanseaanemonestooutsidestimuli.Butlikemostanimalswithoutabackbone,flatwormsactalmostbyinstinctandreflex.

Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig,complextypesofbrain—thetypeswefindamongthebackbonedanimasorvertebrates.Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect.Butthedevelopmentofafish'sthree-partbrainreflectsthatbeast’sunintellectualpriorities.Muchoftheforebraindealsonlywithsmell.Themidbrainhandlesvisionandthehindbrainbalance.

Withearlymammalsthebraingrewlargerandmorecomplex.Sensecoordinationshiftedfromthemidbraintotheforebrain,adevelopingstructurecappedbyfoldedcerebrumtohandlememoryandlearning.Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements.

Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees,wherevisionmatteredmorethansmell.Accordinglytheoncebig“smell’’partoftheforebraingrewsmaller,whilethepartthathandlesvisiongrewmuchlarger.

1.Withwhattopicisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Thehydraisakindof（）.

3.Inthelastparagraph,thephrase“tookto”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinsectsdonothave（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whathelpstocoordinatethecomplexphysicalactivityofamammal?

问题1选项

A.Thesensoryorgansofinvertebrates.

B.Theanatomyoftinyorganisms

C.Theoriginofthebrainandcentralnervoussystem.

D.Theimportanceofvisionforfishandadvancedanimals.

问题2选项

A.flatworm

B.coelenterate

C.seaanemone

D.nervecell

问题3选项

A.began

B.fledto

C.carriedto

D.becamefriendlytoward

问题4选项

A.brains

B.backbones

C.nervecells

D.reflexes

问题5选项

A.Thecerebellum

B.Theforebrain

C.Thecerebrum

D.Themidbrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲中枢神经系统和大脑的起源，因此C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词hydra定位至第一段“hollow-gutted”organismslikethehydraandtheseaanemone”(诸如水螅和海葵等腔肠动物)。由此可知，B项“腔肠动物”正确。

第3题:词义题。对于短语“tookto”的理解可参考句子:Advancedmammalssuchasmonkeys,apesandhuman(theprimates)havebrainsderivedfromancestorsthattooktolivinginthetrees(先进的哺乳动物，如猴子、猿和人类（灵长类动物）的大脑是由祖先进化而来的，它们…在树上生活)，taketo本意为“开始从事”。

第4题:判断推理题。第三段指出:Thetiniestfishhasalargerbrainthanthelargestinsect(最微小的鱼相比最大的昆虫有更大的头脑)。由此可知，A项“大脑”正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干为:由文章可知，什么有助于协调哺乳动物复杂的身体活动?倒数第二段指出:Meanwhilethehindbraingainedalargecerebellumtocoordinatecomplicatedmovements(同时，后脑获得了巨大的小脑来协调复杂的运动)。由此可知A项“小脑”正确。

2.单选题

Theyareexperimentingwith"phytotherapy,"orplantandherb-based_______,toamelioratehotflashes,sleeplessness,andmore.

问题1选项

A.remedies

B.renovates

C.embellishes

D.modifies

【答案】A

【解析】remedy补救,治疗法;renovate革新,修复;embellish修饰;modify修改。句意：他们正在试验“植物疗法”,即以植物和草药为基础的疗法,用来缓解潮热、失眠等症状。选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

问题1选项

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。blatant“喧嚣的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“显而易见的”。句意：毫无疑问，不诚实或秘密获取的信息通常是压倒性的证据，表明这种信息是机密的，不属于辩护人员技能和知识的一部分。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

ManufacturingisChina’smostimportanteconomicactivity,（）over30percentoftheworkforce.

问题1选项

A.including

B.engaging

C.approximating

D.accounting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辦析。四个选项的意思分别是:including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近；accounting记述，报告。句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。

5.单选题

Humanmigration:thetermisvague.Whatpeopleusuallythinkofisthepermanentmovementofpeoplefromonehometoanother.Morebroadly,though,migrationmeansalltheways—fromtheseasonaldriftofagriculturalworkerswithinacountrytotherelocationofrefugeesfromonecountrytoanother.

Migrationisbig,dangerous,compelling.Itis60millionEuropeansleavinghomefromthe16thtothe20thcenturies.Itissome15millionHindus,Skihs,andMuslimssweptupinatumultuousshuffleofcitizensbetweenIndiaandPakistanafterthepartitionofthesubcontinentin1947.

Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”

Butitismuchmorethanthat.Itis,ashasalwaysbeen,thegreatadventureofhumanlife.Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.

“Youhaveahistorybookwritteninyourgenes,”saidSpencerWells.Thebookhe’stryingtoreadgoesbacktolongbeforeeventhefirstwordwaswritten,anditisastoryofmigration.

Wells,atall,blondgeneticistatStanfordUniversity,spentthesummerof1998exploringremotepartsofTranscaucasiaandCentralAsiawiththreecolleaguesinaLandRover,lookingfordropsofblood.Intheblood,donatedbythepeoplehemet,hewillsearchforthestorythatgeneticmarkerscantellofthelongpathshumanlifehastakenacrosstheEarth.Geneticstudiesarethelatesttechniqueinalongeffortofmodernhumanstofindoutwheretheyhavecomefrom.Buthoweverthepathsaretraced,thebasicstoryissimple:peoplehavebeenmovingsincetheywerepeople.Ifearlyhumanshadn’tmovedandintermingledasmuchastheydid,theyprobablywouldhavecontinuedtoevolveintodifferentspecies.FrombeginningsinAfrica,mostresearchersagree,groupsofhunter-gatherersspreadout,driventotheendsoftheEarth.

TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.Thefirstfactorgaveusthekeystothedoorofanyroomontheplanet;theothergaveusreasonstousethem.

Overthecenturies,asagriculturespreadacrosstheplanet,peoplemovedtowardplaceswheremetalwasfoundandworkedandtocentersofcommercethatthenbecomecities.Thoseplaceswere,inturn,invadedandoverrunbypeoplelatergenerationscalledbarbarians.

Inbetweenthesestormsurgesweresteadierbutsimilarlyprofoundfidesinwhichpeoplemovedouttocolonizeorwerecapturedandbroughtinasslaves.ForawhilethepopulationofAthens,thatcityoflegendaryenlightenmentwasasmuchas35percentslaves.

“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.

Itisdifficulttothinkofanygreateventsthatdidnotinvolvemigration.Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.“It’spartofournature,thismovement,”Millersaid,“It’sjustafactofthehumancondition.”

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

2.AccordingtoKingsleyDavis,migrationoccursasaresultofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

3.WhichofthefollowinggroupsisNOTmentionedasmigrantsinthepassage?

4.Thereseemstobea(n)______relationshipbetweengreateventsandmigration.

问题1选项

A.Migrationexertsagreatimpactonpopulationchange.

B.MigrationcontributestoMankind’sprogress.

C.Migrationbringsaboutdesirableandundesirableeffects

D.Migrationmaynotbeaccompaniedbyhumanconflicts.

问题2选项

A.humanadaptability

B.humanevolution

C.culturaldifferences

D.inter-groupinequalities

问题3选项

A.Farmers.

B.Workers.

C.Settlers.

D.Colonizers.

问题4选项

A.loose

B.indefinite

C.causal

D.remote

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪个陈述是不正确的？”。根据第三段第一句Migrationisthedynamicundertowofpopulationchange:everyone’ssolution,everyone’sconflict.（移民是人口变化的动态的潜在影响：每个人的解决方案，每个人的冲突）可知，A项“人口迁移对人口变化有很大的影响”正确，而D项“移民可能不会伴随着人类冲突”与原文不符；由第三段最后一句Asthecenturyturns,migration,withitsinevitableeconomicandpoliticalturmoil,hasbeencalled“oneofthegreatestchallengesofthecomingcentury.”（随着世纪之交的到来，移民及其不可避免的经济和政治动荡被称为“下个世纪最大的挑战之一”）以及第四段最后一句Migrationhelpedcreatehumans,droveustoconquertheplanet,shapedoursocieties,andpromisestoreshapethemagain.（移民帮助创造了人类，驱使我们征服这个星球，塑造了我们的社会，并有望再次重塑它们）可知，B项“移民有助于人类的进步”和C项“移民带来了有利和不利的影响”都符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据KingsleyDavis的说法，移民的发生是由于以下原因，除了……”。根据文章第七段TodemographerKingsleyDavis,twothingsmademigrationhappen.First,humanbeings,withtheirtoolsandlanguage,couldadapttodifferentconditionswithouthavingtowaitforevolutiontomakethemsuitableforanewniche.Second,aspopulationsgrew,culturesbegantodiffer,andinequalitiesdevelopedbetweengroups.（在人口统计学家KingsleyDavis看来，有两件事促成了移民的发生。首先，人类可以用他们的工具和语言来适应不同的环境，而不必等待进化使他们适应新的环境。其次，随着人口的增长，文化开始出现差异，不同群体之间的不平等也在发展。）可知，移民发生的原因包括人类的适应性和文化的差异以及不同群体之间的不平等，A项“人类的适应能力”、C项“文化差异”和D项“部落之间的不平等”都是其中的原因，只有B项“人类进化”未提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪个群体在文章中没有提到是移民？”。最后一段讲述了几起重大事件引起的人口迁移：Religionsspawnedpilgrimsorsettlers;warsdroverefugeesbeforethemandmadenewlandavailablefortheconquerors;politicalupheavalsdisplacedthousandsormillions;economicinnovationsdrewworkersandentrepreneurslikemagnets;environmentaldisasterslikefamineordiseasepushedtheirbedraggledsurvivorsanywheretheycouldreplanthope.（宗教催生了朝圣者或定居者；战争把难民赶到了他们面前，为征服者提供了新的土地；政治动荡使成千上万人流离失所；经济创新像磁铁一样吸引着工人和企业家；像饥荒或疾病这样的环境灾难把他们脏兮兮的生还者推到任何他们可以重新种植希望的地方。），由此可知，B项“工人”、C项“定居者”和D项“殖民者”都是移民的群体，只有A项“农民”没有被提到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在重大事件和移民之间似乎有一个……的关系”。根据倒数第二段“Whatstrikesmeishowimportantmigrationisasacauseandeffectinthegreatworldevents.”MarkMiller,co-authorofTheAgeofMigrationandaprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofDelaware,toldmerecently.（特拉华大学政治学教授、《移民时代》的合著者MarkMiller最近告诉我：“让我震惊的是，移民和世界重大事件是因果关系。”）可知，C项“因果”正确；A项“松散的”、B项“不确定的”和D项“遥远的”都不准确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.单选题

“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”

问题1选项

A.didn’twatch

B.haven’twatched

C.haven’twatched

D.hadn’twatched

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。考查虚拟语气。分析题干可知ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight是if引导的条件状语从句，从主句部分的wouldn’thavebeen可知此句是对过去事实的虚拟，因此从句部分应用had+过去分词形式，故选D项。句意：“哦，我太困了不能学习。”。“嗯，如果你昨晚没有观看那个晚场的电影的话，你不会如此困。”

7.单选题

Opponentsofaffirmativeactionsaythebattleovertheuseofraceincollegeadmissionsishardlyover,despitetheSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.Butsomecriticsraisedthepossibilityofmorelawsuits,andpromisedtocontinuepressuringtheDepartmentofEducation’sOfficeofCivilRightstoinvestigatequestionablepolicies.“We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram...onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.”saysLindaChavez,founderandpresidentoftheCenterforEqualOpportunity,aconservativenon-profitgroup.

Otherssaythey’lltaketheircasetovoters.“Wehavetoseriouslycontestallthisattheballotbox.”saysUniversityofCaliforniaregentWardConnerly,whohelpedwinvoterapprovalofCalifornia’sProposition209,whichprohibitsconsideringraceorgenderinpubliceducation,hiringandcontracting.Becauseofthatlaw,Monday’srulinghadnopracticalimpactinthestate.“Itmaybetimeforusto...letthe(Michigan)votersdecideiftheywanttouseraceasafactorinadmissions.”Connerlysaid.

Meanwhile,U.S.EducationSecretaryRodPaige,consistentwithPresidentBush’sstanceopposingaffirmativeaction,saidtheDepartmentofEducationwill“continueexaminingandhighlightingeffectiverace-neutralapproachestoensurebroadaccesstoanddiversitywithinourpublicinstitutions”.EvenSupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connor,inoneoftheopinions,recommendedthatstateslookforlessonsinrace-neutralprogramsbeingtriedinCaliforniaandelsewhere.Whiletherulingsaidadmissionsofficialsmayconsiderraceintheselectionprocess,collegesanduniversitiesarenotobligatedtodoso.“Ultimatelyinthedebate,diversityisachoice,notalegalmandate.”saysArthurColeman,aformerDepartmentofEducationofficialwhonowhelpscollegesanduniversitiesensureconstitutionalpolicies.

Thepublic,too,remainsconflicted,largelyalongraciallines.AccordingtoaJanuarypollbythenonprofitresearchorganizationPublicAgenda,79%ofAmericanssaiditisimportantforcollegestohavearaciallydiversestudentbody,whilejust54%saidaffirmativeactionprogramsshouldcontinue.InaGalluppollconducteddaysbeforetheruling,49%ofadultssaidtheyfavoraffirmativeactionand43%didnot,withblacksandHispanicsfarmorelikelytofavorthepracticethanwhites.AndsomeeducatorsdoubtthatwithMonday’sruling,thoseopposingaffirmativeactionwillchangetheirminds.

Fornow,admissionsofficialsanduniversitylawyersareporingovertherulingtodeterminehoworwhethertoadjustpolicies.Whilemosttendtobeclosed-mouthedaboutadmissionspolicies,manysaytheydon’texpectsignificantchanges.

1.Whatthecriticssaidinthefirstparagraphamountstotheideathat________.

问题1选项

A.noadmissionpoliciesbasedonraceshouldbeimplemented

B.minorityapplicantsshouldbegivenfavorableconsiderations

C.differentstandardsforadmittingminoritystudentsshouldbesetup

D.selectivecollegesanduniversitiesshouldbepunishedfortheirdiscriminatorypolicies

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

找句内线索

根据题干定位到第一段最后一句We’retalkingaboutadmissionsprograms,scholarships,anyprogram…onlyforminoritiesorinwhichthestandardsusedtojudgeadmissionsaresubstantiallydifferent.（我们谈论……只适用于少数族裔的招生、奖学金等项目，或在这些方面录取标准的不同。），可知批评人士认为针对少数族裔，录取标准应当不同，C选项“录取少数种族学生的标准应该不同”正确。

排除干扰项

A选项“不应执行基于种族考虑的录取政策”：他们认为少数族裔的录取标准应该不同，参考了种族因素，属于反向干扰。

B选项“少数民族申请人应当优先考虑”：录取标准不同不等于优先考虑，属于过度推断。

D选项“名牌大学应该因为他们的歧视性政策而受到惩罚”：根据第一段第一、二句theSupremeCourt’srulingMondayupholdingthegoalofadiversestudentbody.Highereducationleadersoverwhelminglyhailedthedecision,sayingitreaffirmedpoliciesusedbymustselectivecollegesanduniversities.（最高法院周一的裁决支持多元化学生群体的目标。高等教育领袖们对这一决定表示了极大的欢迎，称这再次肯定了名牌大学所采用的政策。），可知名牌大学没有歧视行为，属于反向干扰。

8.单选题

Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen（

）in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.

问题1选项

A.deployed

B.committed

C.indulged

D.immersed

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项deploy“部署，有效利用”；B选项commit“犯罪，保证”;C选项indulge“沉溺”；D选项immerse“沉浸，陷入”；根据主语‘Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectors微型毒素探测器网络’确定A选项正确。

9.单选题

Hebroughtanentirelynewlevelofstyleandsophisticationtojazzmusic.Althoughagiftedpianoplayer,DukeEllingtonusedtheorchestraashisprincipalinstrument.Heconsideredhimselfacomposerandarrangerratherthanjustamusician,likeJellyRollMortonbeforehim.

Itwasin1917whenDukebeganplayingmusicprofessionallyinWashington,D.C.StridepianoplayerslikeJamesP•JohnsonandWillie“TheLion”Smithinfluencedhispianotechnique.DukeledabandcalledTheWashingtonians,whichplayedatTheHollywoodClubinManhattan(theclubwaslaterrenamedastheKentuckyClub).ThisbandacquiredastyleallitsownwhentrumpetplayerBubberMileyjoinedit,bringingwithhimhisuniqueplunger-mutestyleofplaying.Calledthe“JungleSound，”thissoundcametobelargelyresponsibleforEllington’searlysuccess.AgoodexampleofthisstyleofplayingisthesongEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo.In1924，thegrouprecordedtheirfirstalbum,ChooChoo(GottaHurryHomeandRainyNights(RainyDays)).However,thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.In1927,thebandre-recordedversionsofEastSt.LouisToodle-Oo,thendebutedtwosongsthatwouldbeassociatedwithDukefortherestofhiscareer,BlackandTanFantasyandCreoleLoveCall.

Ellington’sOrchestra,unlikemanyofitscontemporaries,wasabletomakethetransitionfrom1920shotjazzto1930sswingmusic.Onesongitplayed,ItDon’tMeanaThing(IfItAin’tGotThatSwing),evencametodefinetheera.WhatkepttheEllingtonOrchestraamajorforceinjazzwasthisveryabilitytoadaptandgrowwiththetimes.

ThefameandinfluenceofEllingtoncontinuedtogrowthroughoutthe40sand50s.HisbandcontinuedtocomeupwithjazzstandardslikeTakethe‘A’Train,Perdido,the4C’JamBlues,andSatinDollDukewroteseveralreligiouspiecesinthe1960s.HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,amongthemCharlesMingusandMaxRoachwithwhomheplayedatrio.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,DukeEllingtonworkedasallofthefollowingEXCEPTasa（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorofthispassagemostprobablyagreewith?

4.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutDukeEllingtonaretrueEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.thelifeofDukeEllington

B.theshiftfromjazztoswingmusic

C.themusicofDukeEllington

D.thedevelopmentofjazzmusic

问题2选项

A.bandleader

B.singer

C.bandmanager

D.composer

问题3选项

A.DukeEllington’sresistancetochangecausedthecollapseofhismusicalcareer.

B.DukeEllingtondidmostofhisjazzcompositionsincollaborationwithothers.

C.DukeEllington’sclassicalcompositionsarehisgreatestcontributiontomusic.

D.DukeEllington’ssophisticatedmusicalstylegreatlyinfluencedthejazzgenre.

问题4选项

A.Hetrainedseveralbandstoperformhisjazzmusic.

B.Hehadalwaysperformedwithhisownband.

C.Hewasamajorinfluenceinjazzmusic.

D.Hecomposedmanysongsthatdefinedacertainperiod.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。文章一开始讲到了DukeEllington给爵士乐带来了一种新的风格，后面介绍了他给乐队发展带来的影响，以及在音乐方面的创作。由此可知，文章主要话题是艾灵顿公爵的音乐。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“thebanddidn’thitthebigtimeuntilafterIrvingMillsbecametheirmanagerandpublisherin1926.”是欧文.米尔斯成为了经理，而不是艾灵顿。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，可看出艾灵顿让爵士乐的风格和复杂性有了一个新的高度，而且产生了持久的影响力。选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“HealsocomposedTheFarEastSuite,thenalsocollaboratedwithahighlydiversegroupofjazzmusicians,”，艾灵顿并不只是和自己的乐队一起表演，还和其他爵士音乐人一起合作，选项B符合题意。

10.翻译题

WhensomeAmericansspeakofthevirtuesofEnglish,theyalmostalwaysbeginbyglorifyingitsenormousvocabulary,whichisatleasttwiceaslargeasthatofanyotherlanguage.Butthisisnotwhatenchantstheforeigner;onthecontrary,thevastreachesofthevocabularynaturallyalarmhim.Thethingthatreallywinshimistheclarityandsimplicityofthelanguage.Weuse,forallourstoreofLatinpolysyllables,agreatmanymoreshortwordsthanlongones,andwearealwaystryingtomakethelongonesshort.Whatwasoncepuniligrionisnowpun;whatwasgasolineonlyyesterdayisalreadygas.NootherEuropeanlanguagehassomanythree-letterwords,norsomanyfour-wordsayings.“Firstcome,firstserved”—thatistypicallyEnglish,foritisbold,plain,andshort.

【答案】当一些美国人谈及英语的优点时，几乎总是一开始就赞美其词汇量之庞大，英语的词汇比任何其他语言的词汇至少多一倍。然而，吸引外国人的并不是词汇量大，相反，浩瀚的词汇很容易令外国人担忧。真正赢得外国人的是英语简练和淳朴的特征。尽管英语中有大量的源于拉丁文的多音节词，但我们却更多地使用短语，少用长词。而且，我们总是努力把长词缩短。以前使用puniligrion，现在缩短成了pun；昨天还是gasoline，今天已成为gas。欧洲没有任何一种其他语言有这么多由三个字母构成的单词，也没有如此多由四个单词构成的语言。“Firstcomes,firstserved（先到先供应）”便是典型的英语，因为它一目了然、朴实无华、短小精悍。

11.单选题

Webbrowsers!Interactivesoftware!There'salotofnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelationsthesedays,andit'scomingfromavarietyofsources,clients,fearfulthattheyaremissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”,demandsomekindofwhiz-bang（尖端）demonstrationoftechnologyfromagencies.Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.Collegekidsenterthemarketplaceaimedwithcomputerliteracycompletelyalientomanyveteranpractitioners.Andinsomecases,membersofthemediademandthatinformationbepackagedtoaccommodatetheirparticulartechnologicalpreferences.

Istechnologynowthetailwaggingdog?Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.Allofthismillenniumtalkhasproducedanunnecessarylevelofanxietyaboutthenecessityoftechnologicalinnovation一theideathatyouarelight-yearsbehindunlessyouarelight-yearsahead.Relax!Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.Solidresearch,strongwritingskills,creativity,andanappreciationforthevaluesofthemediaarethebackboneoftheprofession,regardlessofhowinformationispackaged.

Evenifthespeedofinformationtransmissionisincreasing,hightechisn'tforeveryone.Allclientsdon'tneedindividualwebpagesandsummariesofchatroomactivity.Whenconsideringapplicationsofnewtechnologies,considertheaudiencesforyourclient.Aretheycomfortablewithtechnology?Dotheyhaveaccesstothedistributionsystemsyouareconsidering?Dotheyhavetheskillsandknowledgetousethesesystems?Dotheynavigatetheweb,useCD-ROMorevenownaVCR?

Considertheimageofthecompanyitself.Thedeliverysystemispartofthemessageandcontributestotheoverallimage,sothepractitionershouldconsiderhowthatsystemaffectstheclient,theproduct,andtheaudiences.

Yes,awebpagecanbeacost-efficientcommunicationtoolwhenyouconsidertheminimalmediacost.Butonceit'supandrunning,you'vegottokeepitfresh,andthatmeansacontinualallocationoftimeandspecializedresources.Inthehyper-speedmodelofcommunications,nothingisolderthaninformationthatisbothoutdatedandon-line.Andtoinformationconsumers,yourwebpagewillceasetobeasourceifitisn'tkeptcurrent.Inthelastpresidentialelection,morethanonecandidatehadproblemswiththeirpersonalwebpagesbecausewebmasterswerenotkeptuptodateonchangesincampaignstrategyandmessages.Thegapbetweenwhatthecandidatewassayingandwhatthewebpagewasshowingbecameastoryinitself.Ifyou'regoingtohaveapresenceontheInternet,youhavetobudgetforregularmaintenance.Otherwise,youareputtingasignupthatsays“toocheaptoberelevant”.

1.Therecententhusiasmfornewtechnologyispartlybroughtonby（）.

2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftherecentnewtechnologytalkgoingoninpublicrelations?

3.The“tailwaggingdog”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theroleofnewtechnologyinpublicrelations（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatawebpage（）.

问题1选项

A.electronicinnovations

B.thedevelopmentofnewinteractivesoftware

C.consumers'fearofbeingleftbehindthetide

D.thepopularizationoftheWeb

问题2选项

A.Itindicatesasuddenrealizationofanoncomingradicalchangeinpublicrelations.

B.Itremindsusofthefactthattechnologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.

C.Itissuperficialanddoesnotmeanthatweareusheringinanewage.

D.Itisasuresignthatwearemissingoutonsomemysterious“nextwave”.

问题3选项

A.theoverwhelminglypredominantthing

B.thedogthattucksitstailbetweenitslegs

C.thethingtobetamedurgently

D.theproblemtobetackledatonce

问题4选项

A.can'tbetooemphasizedintoday'sworld

B.isunnecessarilyexaggerated

C.isnotfullyrecognizedyet

D.ismoreimportanttothecompanythantotheclient

问题5选项

A.canusuallyprovidetheviewerswiththelatestinformation

B.isnotagoodideaunlessitsinformationisupdatedconstantly

C.maytakemoremoneytobesetupandkeptrunningthanimagined

D.canfindextensiveapplicationsinpresidentialelections

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段“Industrypublicationscontinuouslytoutthelatestandgreatestelectronicinnovations.”行业出版商不断吹捧最新的和最伟大的电子创新。所以，人们对新技术的热情，有一部分是来源于电子创新。选项A正确。

2.根据第二段第二句“Theanswer,unequivocally,isno.Technologyremainswhatithasalwaysbeen,atoolusedbyprofessionalstohelpthemdotheirjobs.”技术一直是专业人士用来帮助他们工作的工具。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第二段的内容可知，技术一直是专业人士用来帮助他们工作的工具。建立良好公共关系的基础与过去一样，依旧是：预测和满足客户和媒体的需求,并提供有用的信息和建议。也就是说新技术并不是公共关系中起关键作用的主流事物。所以“tailwaggingdog”指具有压倒性优势的事物，选项A正确。

4.根据第二段的第五句“Thefoundationsofgoodpublicrelationsremainthesame:anticipatingandmeetingtheneedsofclientsandthemedia,andprovidinginformedandusefulcounsel.”建立良好公共关系的基础与过去一样，依旧是：预测和满足客户和媒体的需求,并提供有用的信息和建议。所以说没必要夸大新技术在公共关系中的作用。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知，网页一旦启用，就需要一直的保持新鲜感，也就是说，信息需要不断的更新。选项B符合原文。

12.单选题

MurovyovkaNaturePark,aprivatenaturereserve,istheresultofthevisionanddeterminationofoneman,SergeiSmirenski.TheMoscowUniversityProfessorhasgainedthesupportofinternationalfundsaswellaslocalofficials,businessmenandCollectivefarms.

Thankstohisefforts,theagriculturalprojectisalsounderwaytocreateanexperimentalfarmtoteachlocalfarmershowtofarmwithoutthetraditionallyheavyuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizers.TwoWisconsinfarmers,DonandEllenPadley,spentlastsummerpreparinglandinTanbovkadistrict,wheretheparkislocated，andtheywillreturnthissummertoplantit.

SpecialistsfromtheUniversityofUtahalsocametostudythelocalcattleindustry,lookingtodeveloppossibilitiesforbeefexportstoJapan.

Separately,10N