考研考博-英语-吉林交通职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林交通职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theteachertoldthestudentstostayintheclassroomandtheydid（

）.

问题1选项

A.absolutely

B.accidentally

C.accordingly

D.accurately

【答案】C

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。absolutely“绝对地”；accidentally“意外地”；accordingly“相应地；照着”；accurately“精确地”。句意：老师告诉学生待在教室里，他们照着做了。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

问题1选项

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

问题2选项

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

问题3选项

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

问题4选项

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

问题5选项

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。文章关于泰晤士河给哪些人带来利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，对于划手来说，这是一条“运动之河”，但对于商业人士来说，这是一条工作之河。画家和作家认为泰晤士河是灵感的源泉)。因此四个选项中,泰晤士没有带来利益的是D项“农民”。

2.判断推理题。第一段将泰晤士河,尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河做了比较:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(对比尼罗河,亚马逊河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一条小河流)。由此推断泰晤士河短一些。故选C项。

3.细节事实题。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知为了防止洪水的爆发，1972年建立了世界上最大的移动式防洪屏障。答案为B。

4.主旨大意题。文章第二段讲了泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落，文中最后一段讲了现在伦敦建立了高楼大厦以及伦敦的变化，可见泰晤士河见证了伦敦的衰落。C项“泰晤士河见证了伦敦的起伏”比较能概括全文

5.细节事实题。四个选项为:A:泰晤士河曾经是繁荣的,错误,第二段说泰晤士河以前旁边只有沼泽河岸。

3.问答题

Asimpleideaunderpinsscience:"trust,butverify".Resultsshouldalwaysbesubjecttochallengefromexperiment.Thatsimplebutpowerfulideahasgeneratedavastbodyofknowledge.Sinceitsbirthinthe17thcentury,modernsciencehaschangedtheworldbeyondrecognition,andoverwhelminglyforthebetter.

Butsuccesscanbreedcomplacency.Modernscientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying—tothedetrimentofthewholeofscience,andofhumanity.

Toomanyofthefindingsthatfilltheacademicetheraretheresultofshoddyexperimentsorpooranalysis(seearticle).Aruleofthumbamongbiotechnologyventure-capitalistsisthathalfofpublishedresearchcannotbereplicated.Eventhatmaybeoptimistic.Lastyearresearchersatonebiotechfirm,Amgen,foundtheycouldreproducejustsixof53"landmark"studiesincancerresearch.Earlier,agroupatBayer,adrugcompany,managedtorepeatjustaquarterof67similarlyimportantpapers.A

leadingcomputerscientistfretsthatthree-quartersofpapersinhissubfieldarebunk.In2000―2010roughly80,000patientstookpartinclinicaltrialsbasedonresearchthatwaslaterretractedbecauseofmistakesorimproprieties.

Evenwhenflawedresearchdoesnotputpeople'slivesatrisk—andmuchofitistoofarfromthemarkettodoso—itsquandersmoneyandtheeffortsofsomeoftheworld'sbestminds.Theopportunitycostsofstymiedprogressarehardtoquantify,buttheyarelikelytobevast.Andtheycouldberising.

Onereasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Inthe1950s,whenmodernacademicresearchtookshapeafteritssuccessesintheSecondWorldWar,itwasstillararefiedpastime.Theentireclubofscientistsnumberedafewhundredthousand.Astheirrankshaveswelled,to6m—7mactiveresearchersonthelatestreckoning,scientistshavelosttheirtasteforself-policingandqualitycontrol.Theobligationto"publishorperish"hascometoruleoveracademiclife.Competitionforjobsiscutthroat.FullprofessorsinAmericaearnedonaverage$135,000in2012—morethanjudgesdid.EveryyearsixfreshlymintedPhDsvieforeveryacademicpost.Nowadaysverification(thereplicationofotherpeople'sresults)doeslittletoadvancearesearcher'scareer.Andwithoutverification,dubiousfindingsliveontomislead.

Careerismalsoencouragesexaggerationandthecherry-pickingofresults.Inordertosafeguardtheirexclusivity,theleadingjournalsimposehighrejectionrates:inexcessof90%ofsubmittedmanuscripts.Themoststrikingfindingshavethegreatestchanceofmakingitontothepage.Littlewonderthatoneinthreeresearchersknowsofacolleaguewhohaspeppedupapaperby,say,excludinginconvenientdatafromresults"basedonagutfeeling".Andasmoreresearchteamsaroundtheworldworkonaproblem,theoddsshortenthatatleastonewillfallpreytoanhonestconfusionbetweenthesweetsignalofagenuinediscoveryandafreakofthestatisticalnoise.Suchspuriouscorrelationsareoftenrecordedinjournalseagerforstartlingpapers.Iftheytouchondrinkingwine,goingsenileorlettingchildrenplayvideogames,theymaywellcommandthefrontpagesofnewspapers,too.

Conversely,failurestoproveahypothesisarerarelyevenofferedforpublication,letaloneaccepted."Negativeresults"nowaccountforonly14%ofpublishedpapers,downfrom30%in1990.Yetknowingwhatisfalseisasimportanttoscienceasknowingwhatistrue.Thefailuretoreportfailuresmeansthatresearcherswastemoneyandeffortexploringblindalleysalreadyinvestigatedbyotherscientists.

Thehallowedprocessofpeerreviewisnotallitiscrackeduptobe,either.Whenaprominentmedicaljournalranresearchpastotherexpertsinthefield,itfoundthatmostofthereviewersfailedtospotmistakesithaddeliberatelyinsertedintopapers,evenafterbeingtoldtheywerebeingtested.

Allthismakesashakyfoundationforanenterprisededicatedtodiscoveringthetruthabouttheworld.Whatmightbedonetoshoreitup?Onepriorityshouldbeforalldisciplinestofollowtheexampleofthosethathavedonemosttotightenstandards.Astartwouldbegettingtogripswithstatistics,especiallyinthegrowingnumberoffieldsthatsiftthroughuntoldoodlesofdatalookingforpatterns.Geneticistshavedonethis,andturnedanearlytorrentofspeciousresultsfromgenomesequencingintoatrickleoftrulysignificantones.

Ideally,researchprotocolsshouldberegisteredinadvanceandmonitoredinvirtualnotebooks.Thiswouldcurbthetemptationtofiddlewiththeexperiment'sdesignmidstreamsoastomaketheresultslookmoresubstantialthantheyare.(Itisalreadymeanttohappeninclinicaltrialsofdrugs,butcomplianceispatchy.)Wherepossible,trialdataalsoshouldbeopenforotherresearcherstoinspectandtest.

Themostenlightenedjournalsarealreadybecominglessaversetohumdrumpapers.Somegovernmentfundingagencies,includingAmerica'sNationalInstitutesofHealth,whichdishout$30billiononresearcheachyear,areworkingouthowbesttoencouragereplication.Andgrowingnumbersofscientists,especiallyyoungones,understandstatistics.Butthesetrendsneedtogomuchfurther.Journalsshouldallocatespacefor"uninteresting"work,andgrant-giversshouldsetasidemoneytopayforit.Peerreviewshouldbetightened—orperhapsdispensedwithaltogether,infavourofpost-publicationevaluationintheformofappendedcomments.Thatsystemhasworkedwellinrecentyearsinphysicsandmathematics.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Sciencestillcommandsenormous—ifsometimesbemused—respect.Butitsprivilegedstatusisfoundedonthecapacitytoberightmostofthetimeandtocorrectitsmistakeswhenitgetsthingswrong.Anditisnotasiftheuniverseisshortofgenuinemysteriestokeepgenerationsofscientistshardatwork.Thefalsetrailslaiddownbyshoddyresearchareanunforgivablebarriertounderstanding.

【答案】Inthispassage,theauthorpointsoutaseriousproblemexistinginmodernscience,thatis,scientistsaredoingtoomuchtrustingandnotenoughverifying,whichhasdeterioratedthewholescienceandhumanity.

Inthelatterpassage,theauthoranalyzedthereasonswiththedetailedexamplesasproofs.Thefirstreasonisthecompetitivenessofscience.Thegreatlyincreasingpopulationofthescientistsimposedfiercecompetitionandforcedthemtopublishtheirarticlesregardlessoftheacademicquality.What'smore,highrejectionratesoftheleadingjournalsencouragenegativelyresearcherstoexcludeinconvenientdatafromresultsbasedonlyonsensationstooptimizetheirresearchandwintheopportunitytobepublished.

Lateron,theauthorofferssomesuggestionstosolvetheproblem.Onepriorityistomakedisciplinestightenstandards.Journalsshouldsparespacefor"uninteresting"workandacceptthosepapersconcernedwiththe"negativeresults".Governmentfundingagenciesshouldsetasidemoneytosupportandencouragereplication.Peerreviewshouldbetightened.Lastly,policymakersshouldensurethatinstitutionsusingpublicmoneyalsorespecttherules.

Atlast,theauthorrestatesandemphasizestheimportanceforsciencetoberightanditscapacitytobecorrected.Thefalseresearchescanonlyhindertheprocessofunderstanding.

4.单选题

Theworld'soceanshavewarmed50percentfasteroverthelast40yearsthanpreviouslythoughtduetoclimatechange,AustralianandUSclimateresearchersreportedWednesday.Higheroceantemperaturesexpandthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.

Thestudy,publishedintheBritishjournalNature,addstoagrowingscientificchorusofwarningsaboutthepaceandconsequencesofrisingoceans.ItalsoservesasacorrectivetoamassivereportissuedlastyearbytheNobel,winningUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC),accordingtotheauthors.

Risingsealevelsaredrivenbytwothings:thethermalexpansionofseawater,andadditionalwaterfrommeltingsourcesofice.Bothprocessesarecausedbyglobalwarming.TheicesheetthatsitsatthetopofGreenland,forexample,containsenoughwatertoraiseworldoceanlevelsbysevenmetres(23feet),whichwouldburysea-levelcitiesfromDhakatoShanghai.

Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.Butuptonow,therehasbeenaperplexinggapbetweentheprojectionsofcomputer-basedclimatemodels,andtheobservationsofscientistsgatheringdatafromtheoceans.

Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustralianWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.

1.36.Whathappenswhentheocean'stemperaturerises?

2.37.Theriseinwaterlevelsisespeciallydangerousforsmallislandnationsand（）.

3.38.Thenewstudy（）.

4.39.Ultimately,thenewstudyshouldhelpscientiststo（）.

5.40.Whatwasthemainfindingofthestudy?

问题1选项

A.Itcausessealevelstorise.

B.Itcausessealevelstoremainconstant.

C.Itcausessealevelstodecrease.

D.Itcausessealevelstochange.

问题2选项

A.low-lyingurbanareas

B.allcoastalcities

C.peoplewholiveonthebeach

D.peoplewholivearoundtheglobe

问题3选项

A.showsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.32millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevels

B.didnotrevealanythingthatscientistsdidn'talreadyknow

C.usednewtechniquestoassessoceantemperatures

D.showshowquicklythesealevelsfall

问题4选项

A.lowerwaterlevels

B.findoutwhatiswrongwiththeearth

C.burysea-levelcitieslikeDhakaandShanghai

D.betterpredictclimatechange

问题5选项

A.Notenoughisbeingdoneaboutglobalwarming.

B.Oceanwatershavewarmedfasterthanscientistshadpreviouslythought.

C.Thewarmingoftheworld'soceansisnotathreat.

D.Theriseofsealevelshasnothingtodowithoceantemperature.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词ocean’stemperaturerises可以定位到文章第一段中“Higheroceantemperaturesexpendthevolumeofwater,contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”中文翻译为“海水温度的升高将会导致海水体积的膨胀，从而导致海平面的上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁”可以得知海水温度升高会使海平面上升。因此A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：海平面上升尤其会对小岛国和…构成威胁。定位到第一段中“contributingtoariseinsealevelsthatissubmergingsmallislandnationsandthreateningtododamageinlow-lying,densely-populateddeltaregionsaroundtheglobe.”译为：导致海平面上升，最终淹没那些较小的岛国并且对处在全球地势低洼的人口密集的三角洲地区构成威胁。因此A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词newstudy可以定位到文章最后一段。其中第一句话“Thenewstudy,ledbyCatiaDominguesoftheCentreforAustraliaWeatherandClimateResearch,isthefirsttoreconcilethemodelswithobserveddata.”中文翻译为：由于澳大利亚的天气和气候研究中心的CatiaDomingues主导的这一项新的研究首次将模型与观测数据相协调。可知B选项错误；第二句话“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。由此可以选项A，D错误。故答案选C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Tryingtofigureouthowmucheachofthesefactorscontributestorisingsealevelsiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingclimatechange,andforecastingfuturetemperaturerises,scientistssay.”译为：“科学家们表示，明确这些因素导致海平面上升的方式，对于理解气候变化和预测未来气温的升高至关重要”以及最后一段中“Usingnewtechniquestoassessoceantemperaturestoadepthof700metres(2,300feet)from1961to2003,itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimetre-pre-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC.”译为：通过使用新技术对海平面2300英尺以下的海水温度进行评估，研究发现从1961年到2003年，气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的0.32毫米。可知这将有助于科学家们后期更好地预测气候变化，因此答案选D。

5.根据题干可定位到文章最后一段中“...itshowsthatthermalwarmingcontributedtoa0.53millimeter-per-yearriseinsealevelsratherthanthe0.32mmrisereportedbytheIPCC”中文翻译为：研究发现气候变暖的热力作用导致海平面每年上升0.53毫米，而不是像IPCC所说的032毫米。因此选择答案B。

5.单选题

Atthreethousandfeet,wideplainsbegintoappear,andthereisneveramomentwhensomedistantmountainisnot（

）.

问题1选项

A.onview

B.ataglance

C.onthescene

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onview“在展出，陈列着”；B选项ataglance“立刻，一眼就”；C选项onthescene“在场，出现，到场”；D选项insight“看得见，在视野内”。分析“somedistantmountainisnot______”可知空格处的内容作表语，说明主语somedistantmountain（远处的山脉），结合句意，可知D选项符合语境。句意：在三千英尺的地方，宽阔的平原开始出现了，而且时刻可以看得见远处的山脉。

6.翻译题

在中国较大的城市中，自行车流——曾一度是中国城市最生动的形象之一，已经被挤满汽车的街道取代了，可怕的是，驾驶者大多是新手。通过禁止或严格限制在这些城市使用摩托车，中国跳过了它的亚洲邻国的发展模式，在这些国家中，摩托车通常使新富们初次尝到了不需费力就可四处移动的滋味。拥有大约九百万辆普通自行车的上海，去年因禁止自行车在市中心的主要街道上行驶，引起了媒体的一阵批评。但是近来自行车用得是越来越少了。

【答案】

InChina'sbiggercities,theriversofbicycles—onceoneofthemostvividimagesofurbanChina—havebeenreplacedwithstreetsjammedwithcars,mostofthem,terrifyingly,areinthehandsofnovicedrivers.Bybanningorseverelyrestrictingmotorcycleuseinthesecities,ChinahasleapfroggedthedevelopmentpatternofitsAsianneighbors,wherethemotorbikehasusuallyprovidedthenewlyaffluentwiththeirfirsttasteofeffortlessmobility.Shanghai,hometoabout9millionordinarybikes,arousedaflurryofmediacriticismlastyearbybanningthemfrommainroadsinthecenter.Buttheyarelessandlessusedthesedays.

7.单选题

Toalleviatetheproblemofcontaminatedchicken,theexpertsrecommendthatthegovernmentshiftitsinspectionemphasisfromcursorybird-by-birdvisualchecktoamore______randomsamplingforbacterialandchemicalcontamination.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.perfunctory

C.symbolic

D.discreet

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的”；B选项perfunctory“敷衍的；马虎的；得过且过的”；C选项symbolic“象征的；符号的；使用符号的”；D选项discreet“谨慎的；小心的”。句意：为缓解鸡的污染问题，专家们建议政府把检查重点从走马观花式的肉眼检查改为进行更为______的对细菌和化学污染进行随机取样检查。根据shift“改变”可知，横线处应填一个与cursory“粗略的”意思相反的词。且由检查重点从肉眼检查到改进为对细菌和化学污染随机取样检查，可知检查推向深入，较以前更加严格，A选项rigorous“严格的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Withitsstockpricerisingby20percent,thecompanybecomesthesecondmost()technologyfirminthecounty.

问题1选项

A.valuable

B.worthwhile

C.priceless

D.precious

【答案】A

【解析】valuable有价值的；worthwhile值得的；priceless无价的；precious珍贵的。句意：随着股价上涨20%，该公司成为全县第二大最有价值的科技公司。选项A符合句意。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

北京计划未来投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。

中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。

土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。

大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。

她就是那个到明年年底会攒一万美元的那个女孩。

你认识那个警察一直在找的小偷吗？

自从她出生以来她就从未见过她爸爸。

你知道你们班长喜欢的女孩儿是贼的女儿吗？

他很谦逊，认为自己离成功还很远。

宗教和科学其实不但可以调和，而且可以共存共生。

【答案】Beijingisgoingtoinvest760billionyuaninthefuturetocontrolpollution,beginningwithcuttingdowntheemissionofPM2.5.

TheChineseheatedwordsusuallyreflectsocialchangesandculture,someofwhichareincreasinglypopularwithforeignmedia.

Thewordtuhaousedtomeanrurallandlordswhooppresstheirtenantsandservants,whilenowitreferstopeoplespendingmoneywithoutlimitsorthoseshowingofftheirwealthallaround.

Theworddamaisusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itisregardedasaspecialwordtocallthoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasegoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.

Sheisthegirlwhowillhavemadetenthousanddollarsbytheendofnextyear.

Doyouknowthethiefwhomthepolicemanhasbeenlookingfor?

Shehasneverseenherfathersincehewasborn.

Doyouknowthegirlwhoislikedbyyourmonitoristhedaughterofathief?

9.Heishumbleandthinksheisfarfromsuccess.

10.Religionandsciencearenotonlyreconcilable,butalsosymbiotic.

10.单选题

Asamemberorthesociety,apersonshouldberesponsibleforanddedicatetothesociety.

问题1选项

A.answerfor

B.accountfor

C.chargefor

D.compensatefor

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项answerfor“对……负责”；B选项accountfor“对……做出解释”；C选项chargefor“要价”；D选项compensatefor“赔偿”。句意：作为社会的一员，一个人应该对社会负责，为社会奉献。划线部分beresponsiblefor是对……负责的意思。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。obsolete“陈旧的，过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导……爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。

12.单选题

Rosefeels______abouttheweekendinVermont.Shewantstogo,butshealsowantstostayathome.

问题1选项

A.atheistic

B.ambiguous

C.ambivalent

D.ascetic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项atheistic“无神论的，无神论者的”，B项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”，C项ambivalent“矛盾的，好恶相克的”，D项ascetic“苦行的，禁欲主义的”。根据后面句子的意思“她想去，但她也想呆在家里”可知，“矛盾的”符合语境。句意：罗斯对去佛蒙特州度周末感到矛盾；她想去，但她也想呆在家里。因此，该题选择C项。

13.单选题

ProfessorJohnsonissaid（）somesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyears.

问题1选项

A.making

B.havingmade

C.tomake

D.tohavemade

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。Sbissaid后接动词不定式，表示“据说某人”。用不定式的完成式表示已经发生的动作。此句相当于ItissaidthatProfessorJohnsonhasmadesomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear．句意：据说约翰逊教授去年在他的研究中取得了重大进展。故本题正确答案为D项。

14.单选题

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

问题1选项

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项modify“修改，修饰；更改”；B选项duplicate“复制；模仿”；C选项accelerate“加速；促进；增加”；D选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激励”。句意：最近，许多有关少年儿童模仿先前在电视上所看到的暴力行为的案件被报道。根据句意，判断出B选项正确。

15.单选题

About5000yearsago,peopleinanareanorthoftheBlackSeainsoutheasternEuropespokealanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,whichisbelievedtobetheancestorofmostEuropeanlanguages.TheseincludethelanguagesthatbecameancientGreek,ancientGermanandtheancientLatin.

Latindisappearedasaspokenlanguage.YetitleftbehindthreegreatlanguagesthatbecamemodernSpanish,FrenchandItalian.AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish.

TheEnglishlanguageisaresultoftheinvasionsoftheislandofBritainovermanyhundredsofyears.ThefirstinvasionswerebyapeoplecalledAnglesabout1500yearsago.TheAngleswereaGermantribe（部落）whocrossedtheEnglishChannel.LatertwomoregroupscrossedtoBritain.TheyweretheSaxonsandtheJutes.ThesegroupsfoundapeoplecalledtheCelts,whohadlivedinBritainformanythousandsofyears.TheCeltsandtheinvadersfought.Afterawhile,mostoftheCeltswerekilled,ormadeslaves.SomeescapedtoliveintheareathatbecameWales.Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.

ThenextgreatinvasionofBritaincamefromthefarnorthbeginningabout1100yearsago.FiercepeoplecalledVikingsinvadedthecoastareasofBritain.TheVikingscamefromDenmark,Norwayandothernortherncountries.Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue.Insomeareas,theVikingsbecamesopowerfultheybuilttemporarybases.Thesetemporarybasessometimesbecamepermanent.Later,manyVikingsstayedinBritain.ManyEnglishwordsusedtodaycomefromtheseancientVikings.Wordslike“sky，”“leg，”“skill,”“egg，”“crawl,”“lift”and“take”arefromtheoldlanguagesofthefarnortherncountries.

ThenextinvasionofBritaintookplacemorethan900yearsago,in1066.HistoryexpertscallthisinvasiontheNormanConquest.

1.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowinglanguageslaterdevelopedintoEnglish?

3.OldEnglishisthemixtureofthelanguagesspokenbythefollowingtribeswhichinclude_____.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeVikingswhoinvadedBritainabout1100yearsago?

5.Whatfollowsthepassageismostprobablyabout

.

问题1选项

A.TheearlyhistoryoftheEnglishlanguage

B.TheoriginoftheEnglishlanguage

C.ThevarietiesoftheEnglishlanguage

D.TheinvasionsofBritain

问题2选项

A.Proto-Indo-Europeanlanguage

B.AncientGreek

C.AncientGerman

D.AncientLatin

问题3选项

A.TheAngles,theSaxonsandtheCelts

B.TheSaxons,theJutesandtheCelts

C.TheAngle,theJutesandtheCelts

D.TheAngles,theSaxonandtheJutes

问题4选项

A.Theyweresoldiers

B.Theyweremerchants

C.Theywerepirates

D.Theyweresailors

问题5选项

A.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheBritishpeople

B.theimpactoftheNormanConquestontheEnglishlanguage

C.theimportanteventsintheNormanConquest

D.thehistoricalfiguresintheNormanConquest

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了英语这门语言的起源以及发展，因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段提到的AncientGermanbecameDutch,Danish,German,Norwegian,SwedishandoneofthelanguagesthatdevelopedintoEnglish，可知选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段最后两句话Throughtheyears,theSaxons,AnglesandJutemixedtheirdifferentlanguages.TheresultiswhatiscalledAnglo-SaxonorOldEnglish.可知选项D符合题意。

4.判断推理题。文章第四段提到他们夺去贸易货物和奴隶，抢走任何有价值的东西(Theywerelookingtocapturetradegoodsandslavesandtakeawayanythingofvalue)，由此可推测他们是海盗，选项C符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章第二段和第三段分别讲述了两次侵略对于英语这门语言的影响，最后一段提到thenextinvasion，由此可推测接下来会讲述这次侵略对语言的影响，因此选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbe（

）toworkhard,withtheresultthattaxrevenuesmightactuallyshrink

问题1选项

A.cultivated

B.licensed

C.motivated

D.innovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。cultivated“有教养的”；licensed“得到许可的”；motivated“有动机的”；innovated“改革的，创新的”。

句意：如果商人被收太重的税，他们将不再努力工作，结果就是税收收入会缩水。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

Hismotherscannedhisfacetoseeifhewastellingthetruth.

问题1选项

A.indicated

B.scrutinized

C.caressed

D.penetrated

【答案】D

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项indicated“表明，显示，象征，暗示”；B选项scrutinized“仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及对细节苛求的态度检查；C选项caressed“抚摸，爱抚”；D选项penetrated“看透；透过……看见，洞察；发现；揭示”。句意：他母亲审视着他的脸，想看看他是否在说真话。Scan“细看；察看；审视；端详”。D选项与scan意思最接近，因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

AccordingtoPlato,themostimportantideaistheideaof“good”.Knowledgeof"good"istheobjectofallinquiry,agoaltowhichallotherthingsare（

）.

问题1选项

A.approximate

B.crucial

C.subordinate

D.detached

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。approximate“近似的，大约”；crucial“决定性的”；subordinate“下级的”；detached“不受他人影响的，公正的”。句意：柏拉图最重要的思想是“好”。对于“好”的理解是所有调查的目标，其它所有的事情都属于这个目标。选项C符合题意。

19.单选题

Becauseoftheexcellentpreservationofthefossil,anatomicaldetailsofearlyhorseshoecrabswere（

）forthefirsttime,enablingexpertsto（

）theevolutionofthehorseshoecrab.

问题1选项

A.scrutinized...ensure

B.verified...advance

C.obscured...illustrate

D.clarified...reassess

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项scrutinized“详细检查”；ensure“确认，确保”；B选项verified“核证，证”;advance“提出，预付，使……前进，将……提前”；C选项obscure“遮蔽，掩盖”；illustrate“说明”;D选项clarify“澄清”；reassess“再评价”