考研考博-英语-大庆职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.

Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.

Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

1.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat（）.

3.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes（）.

4.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.toreducetheirmentalstress

B.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccess

C.tomakesportslesscompetitive

D.tomakesportsmorechallenging

问题2选项

A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsociety

B.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselves

C.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences

D.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves

问题3选项

A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopment

B.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidence

C.soastomakethemrememberlife’slessons

D.soastoputmorepressureonthem

问题4选项

A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysports

B.helpchildrentowineverygame

C.trainchildrentocopewithstress

D.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports

问题5选项

A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout

B.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticism

C.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildren

D.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段的第三句话Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（压力可以是身体上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，压力会导致倦怠。）可以看出stress导致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法应该是减少stress，因此A选项“减轻他们的精神压力”正确。sports本身具有竞争性、挑战性，不在于多或少，问题是怎样看胜负，所以C选项“降低体育运动的竞争性”和D选项“使运动更具挑战性”两项应排除。B项“提高他们获得成功的意识”正是作者不赞成的。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第二句话Thesportsettingissomewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace（体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。）因此C选项“它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历”正确。A选项“它可以帮助他们更多地了解社会”定位到第二段andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives（并获得将终生使用的其他社交技能），可以看出文章只说了可以学到社交技能，而不是更多的了解社会；B选项“它能让他们发现自己的缺点”定位到第二段Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）但是这个并不是题干所问的“运动的积极影响”；D选项“它教会他们如何为自己设定现实的目标”，这是文章中没有提及的。

3.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第二段Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教练和父母应该时刻意识到，他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）因此换句话说就是B选项“没有意识到批评可能会摧毁他们的自信”正确。A选项“相信批评对他们的早期发展是有益的”；C选项“让他们记住生活的教训”；D选项“为了给他们更多的压力”这三个都不是作者认为教练和家长平常所认为的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干信息定位到第三段开头Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.（教练和家长也应该小心，不要让青少年参与体育运动成为孩子们的工作。）意思是体育运动不是孩子的工作或任务，重在参与，比赛结果并不重要，更重要的是通过参与增加人生阅历。因此A选项“更加注重让孩子们享受运动”正确。B选项“帮助孩子赢得每一场比赛”；C选项“训练孩子学会处理压力”以及D选项“使孩子们了解运动的积极方面”这都是文章中没有提及的。

5.主旨大意题。通过第一段Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.（压力可以是身体上的、情感上的，也可以是心理上的。研究表明，压力会导致倦怠。）第二段的Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflawinthemselves.（教练和父母应该时刻意识到，他们对青少年的反馈会极大地影响他们的孩子。年轻人可能会把父母和教练的批评放在心上，发现自己的缺点。）以及第三段的Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.（研究表明，积极的强化比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响。再次强调，批评会造成高度的压力，从而导致倦怠。）可以看出来，作者写该文目的是告诉人们批评会给孩子造成各方面负担和压力，积极鼓励才会对孩子的成长有益，因此C选项“强调积极鼓励对孩子成长的重要性”正确。A选项“教导年轻运动员如何避免精疲力竭”不是文章重点；B选项“说服孩子不要担心批评”不符合作者的想法；以及D选项“讨论批评与鼓励相结合的技巧”这也不是作者所倡导的。

2.单选题

Theplacedidnotappeartobepopular,foritwascompletelydeserted,andinanycase（

）totraffic.

问题1选项

A.inadequate

B.incompatible

C.inaccessible

D.insignificant

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inadequate“不充分的”；incompatible“不相容的”；insignificant“不重要的”；inaccessible“不可到达的”；beinaccessibleto“无法到达的”。句意：这个地方看上去不受欢迎，因为它完全被遗弃且车辆无论如何也无法进入。由completelydeserted可知车辆无法进入，答案C

3.单选题

Bridesareincreasinglyshunningsummerweddingsandgettingmarriedduringwinter______tocutcostsamidtheeconomicgloom,figuressuggest.

问题1选项

A.insteadof

B.otherwise

C.instead

D.ratherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。空格处词语需要修饰后面动词不定式，词性限制为副词。insteadof“代替；而不是”是介词短语，A选项排除；otherwise“否则；另外”；instead“代替；相反”；ratherthan“而不是”。句意：数据显示，为了在经济低迷时期削减成本，越来越多的新娘避开夏季婚礼……在冬季结婚。因此选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

"DidHannasayanythingaboutmeinherletter?”

“Onlythatshe'dappreciate（）fromyou?

问题1选项

A.tohear

B.hearing

C.tohearing

D.tohaveheard

【答案】B

【解析】句意:“Hana在信中有提及我吗？”

“只说她很感谢收到你的信吗？”

考查固定搭配。appreciatedoingsth.感谢（某人）做某事。

5.单选题

Ifweacquiesce,we’llbeborrowing（）forthefuture.

问题1选项

A.pit

B.trouble

C.pitfall

D.storm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pit“矿井，深坑，陷阱”；B选项trouble“麻烦，烦恼，故障，动乱”；C选项pitfall“陷阱，圈套，缺陷，诱惑”；D选项storm“暴风雨，大动荡”。句意：如果我们默许，那么我们将在未来陷入到借贷麻烦中。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。absorption“吸收”；dissemination“宣传”；assimilation“同化”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：水从固体变成液体需要吸入周围所有物质的热量，这一吸收过程产生的低温。选项A符合题意。

7.翻译题

Inthelate1960sintegratedcircuit,tinytransistorsandotherelectricalcomponentsarrangedonasinglechipofsilicon(硅),replacedindividualtransistorsincomputers.Integratedcircuitsbecameminiaturized(使小型化),enablingmorecomponentstobedesignedintoasinglecomputercircuit.

【答案】20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。

8.写作题

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

9.单选题

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.

Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”

1.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat（）.

2.Theauthorassertsthatscientists（）.

3.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists（）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch（）.

问题1选项

A.inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

B.scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchersareconducted

C.scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

D.unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

问题2选项

A.shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought

B.shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings

C.shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals

D.shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings

问题3选项

A.haveakeeninterestin

B.oftenspeculateonthefutureprediction

C.thinkhighlyofcreativethinking

D.stickto“scientificmethod”

问题4选项

A.maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected

B.canbemeasuredindollarsandcents

C.relyonconformitytoastandardpattern

D.aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagement

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.”，可知在实践中，科学与其说依赖于它所准备的实验，不如说依赖于人对实验的思考。下文就用牛顿发现地心引力的例子证明了这一观点。可判断出作者想用艾萨克•牛顿的例子来证明求知的思维比科学实验更重要。选项A符合题意。

2.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.”，可知不可预测性是研究的本质之一。如果你没有不可预测的东西，你就没有研究。可判断出作者坚信科学家不应忽视对不可预测的事情进行推测。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.”，可知在与一些科学家，尤其是年轻的科学家交谈时，你可能会得到这样的印象：他们发现科学方法可以代替富有想象力的思维。可判断出一些年轻的科学家似乎会坚持使用科学方法而不是富有想象力的思维。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.”，可知如果实验是像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样，如实地按照计划进行规划和实施，那么管理层期望研究能产生相应的利益是完全合乎逻辑的。但是有时候科学实验的结果不会验证预测，并不像期望中的那么有利可图。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

问题1选项

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶总是关注身边人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所认识的最体贴的女人。选项C符合语境。

11.翻译题

AsFordMotor’sboardofdirectorsgatheredtoholditsquarterlymeetingThursday,speculationwasgrowingthattheworld’sNO.2automakerwaspreparedtoacquiretheautomotiveoperationsofSweden’sVolvo.1.MergerspeculationthathasbeenwidespreadthroughouttheindustryformonthshasfocusedonapossibleVolvo-FordlinkupsinceareportlastweekthatVolvohadhiredaWallStreetinvestmentbanktoexploreapossiblesale.

Ford’sboardmeetingwastobeheldinDearborn,theDetroitsuburbwhereFordisheadquartered.ChiefspokesmanVaughnKoshkariandeclinedtocommentontheagendaortheVolvorumors.PresidentJacNasser,speakingatanindustryconferenceTuesdaynight,alsodeclinedtosaywhereFordwasnegotiatingwithVolvo.ButNasseragainsaidFordwasopentousingitsmorethan$20billioncashreservetoexpandthecompany’sglobalreach.

2.Lastyear’sacquisitionofChryslerbyDaimler-Benzledtoaflurryoftalksamongautomakerslookingtostrengthentheirpositioninanindustrybesetwithtoomuchproductioncapacityworldwide.Theconventionalwisdomisthatsmallerautomakerswillbeill-equippedtocompeteinthe21stcenturyastheindustrybecomesdominatedbyseveralinternationalautomakers.

Volvo,oneoftheworld’ssmallerautomakers,produceslessthan500,000vehiclesannually.Lastyearitsold100,227carsintheUnitedStates,oneofitslargestmarkets.3.Fordreportedlyhasbeencourtingdebt-ladenNissanMotoraswell,andturneddownanofferlastmonthfora20%shareintheJapaneseautomaker.FordalsolostinbiddinglatelastyearforfinanciallytroubledKiaMotorsofKorea.

4.AnalystssayFordandVolvoareabetterfit.“TheVolvothingismorepracticalthananythingelse,”saidanalystDavidHealyofBurnhamSecurities.“Ford,whichisbecominggoodatcost-effectivelydevelopingavarietyofverydifferentcarswiththesamebasicchassisandmajorparts,couldhelpVolvoexpanditsproductline,”Girskysaid.5.“IfyoucouldbringoutsmallercarsundertheVolvebrand,youcouldcommandapremiumprice,”hesaid,“FordhassimilarlyexpandedJaguar’svehiclelinesinceitboughttheBritishLuxuryautomakerin1989.”

【答案】1.几个月来业内一直存在关于公司合并的猜测，自从上周有报道称，沃尔沃（Volvo）聘请了华尔街一家投资银行来探讨出售沃尔沃的可能性以来，这种猜测集中在沃尔沃可能与福特（Ford）合并。

2.去年戴姆勒-奔驰（Daimler-Benz）收购克莱斯勒（Chrysler）的事件，引发了汽车制造商之间的一连串的谈判，这些制造商希望加强自己在这个全球产能过剩的行业中的地位。

3.据报道，福特也一直在向负债累累的日产汽车（NissanMotor）示好，并且上个月拒绝了收购这家日本汽车公司20%股份的要约。

4.分析人士表示福特跟沃尔沃更合适。伯纳姆证券公司的分析师DavidHealy说“跟沃尔沃的这件事比其他任何事情都更实际。”

5.“如果你（福特）能推出沃尔沃品牌下的小型车，你就能获得更高的价格，”他说，“福特1989年收购了英国豪华汽车制造商捷豹（Jaguar）后，同样也扩大了捷豹的产品线。”

12.单选题

Livinginclose______toone’sneighborscanbecozyandcomforting,butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating.

问题1选项

A.homogeneity

B.proximity

C.lingering

D.access

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项homogeneity“同质，同种”，B项proximity“接近”，C项lingering“拖延的，迟迟不结束的”，D项access“通道，进入，机会”。根据but可知，前后句子为转折，由后面的butlivingontopofoneanothercanbesuffocating（但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息）对比可知，前面空格处应该表示“住在邻居隔壁”，B项符合。句意：住得离邻居很近是很舒适的，但是住在一个邻居的上面可能会令人窒息。因此，该题选择B项。

13.单选题

Bybeingover-zealouswithfoodrestriction,thedieterinadvertentlymakesabingeonforbiddenfoodsfarmorelikelyandyoumayaswellforgettheideaofbanningthings.

问题1选项

A.mayproperly

B.hadbetter

C.shouldsurely

D.mayprobably

【答案】B

【解析】A选项mayproperly“适当地”；B选项hadbetter“最好”；C选项shouldsurely“应该”；D选项mayprobably“也许可能”。句意：过度热衷于限制食物，节食者很可能会无意中暴饮暴食，你最好还是忘记禁食的想法。结合此处关键词mayaswell“最好”，得知B为正确答案。

14.单选题

Thesubwaysandbusestendtobe___duringtherushhours.

问题1选项

A.overcrowded

B.overwhelmed

C.overshadowed

D.overgrown

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项overcrowded“过度拥挤的”；B选项overwhelmed“被压倒的，被淹没的；受宠若惊的，不知所措的”；C选项overshadowed“使失色；使蒙上阴影；遮阴；比……更显眼”；D选项overgrown“蔓生的；生长过快的”。句意：地铁和公共汽车在高峰时间往往___。本句表达“在高峰期间过度拥挤”。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Mary（）thedocumentcarefullytomakesurethattherewerenoerrorsinit.

问题1选项

A.scrutinized

B.overlooked

C.skipped

D.disregarded

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。scrutinized详细检查；overlooked忽略、检查；skipped跳读；disregarded忽视。句意：玛丽仔细检查了文件以确保没有错误。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14lhcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,wereshroudedinmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeplyfragmentedandfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallgadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor“man”.ButonmytravelsamongthemmoststillreferredtothemselvesasGypsies.

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism.Atvarioustimestheyhavebeenforbiddentoweartheirdistinctivebrightclothes,tospeaktheirownlanguage,totravel,tomarryoneanother,ortoplytheirtraditionalcrafts.Insomecountriestheywerereducedtoslavery,itwasn’tuntilthemid-1800sthatGypsyslaveswerefreedinRomania.InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria,andperhapshalfamillionperishedintheHolocaust.Theirhorseshavebeenshotandthewheelsremovedfromtheirwagons,theirnameshavebeenchanged,theirwomenhavebeensterilized,andtheirchildrenhavebeenforciblygivenforadoptiontonon-Gypsyfamilies.

ButtheGypsieshaveconfoundedpredictionsoftheirdisappearanceasadistinctethnicgroupandtheirnumbershaveburgeoned.Todaythereareanestimated8to12millionGypsiesscatteredacrossEurope,makingthemthecontinent’slargestminority.Theexactnumberishardtopindown.Gypsieshaveregularlybeenundercounted,bothbyregimesanxioustodownplaytheirprofileandbyGypsiesthemselves,seekingtoavoidbureaucracies.Attemptingtoremedypastinequities,activistgroupsmayovercount.HundredsofthousandsmorehaveemigratedtotheAmericasandelsewhere.WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.“Romanestan”saidRonaldLee,theCanadianGypsywriter,“iswheremytwofeetstand.”

1.Gypsiesareunitedonlywhenthey（

）.

2.InhistoryhostilitytoGypsiesinEuroperesultedintheirpersecutionbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,themaindifferencebetweentheGypsiesandtheJewsliesintheirconceptsof（

）.

问题1选项

A.areengagedintraditionalcrafts

B.callthemselvesRoma

C.liveunderaclansystem

D.faceexternalthreats

问题2选项

A.theEgyptians

B.thestate

C.thechurch

D.theNazis

问题3选项

A.language

B.culture

C.identity

D.custom

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干“Gypsiesareunitedonlywhen”提供了重要信息，表明吉普赛人平时是并不会联合在一起，是个分散的民族。第一段倒数第三句中说到“onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies只有在面对来自非吉普赛人的敌意时才真正团结起来”，由此可知使吉普赛人团结起来的是外人的敌意。因此D选项“面对外部威胁”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。本题需要从欧洲对吉普赛人的种种迫害行为中作排除法。第二段提到“withthechurchseeingheresyintheirfortune-tellingandthestateseeinganti-socialbehaviorintheirnomadism教会在他们的算命中看到异端邪说，国家在他们的游牧中看到反社会行为”以及“InmorerecenttimestheGypsieswerecaughtupinNaziethnichysteria在更近的时期，吉普赛人陷入了纳粹种族狂热中”。因此教会、国家和纳粹都对吉普赛人进行了迫害，A选项“埃及人”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。本题需要找出吉普赛人与犹太人的区别。最后一段最后两居中说到了两个种族的比较“WithveryfewexceptionsGypsieshaveexpressednogreatdesireforacountrytocalltheirown-unliketheJews,towhomtheGypsyexperienceisoftencompared.除了极少数的例外，吉普赛人并没有表现出想要一个国家成为自己国家的强烈愿望——不像犹太人，吉普赛人的经历经常被拿来与犹太人作比较。”可知吉普赛人与犹太人的最大区别在于建立国家的愿望是否强烈，吉普赛人对自己身份的认同性不如犹太人高。C选项正确。

17.单选题

Relieforganizationshavecontributed（

）moneytofamineinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.bothtimeand

B.timebut

C.neithertimeand

D.neithertimenor

【答案】A

【解析】考查连接词的用法。句意：救援组织为非洲的饥荒出钱出力。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Youshouldhaveputthemilkintotheicebox,Iexpectit______undrinkable.

问题1选项

A.became

B.hadbecome

C.hasbecome

D.becomes

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.became成为了B.hadbecome已经成为

C.hasbecome成为D.becomes成为

【考查点】时态。

【解题思路】根据shouldhavedone可知，此处是虚拟语气，表示本应该做却没做，而牛奶已经变质不能喝了，是过去发生的动作对现在造成影响，所以空格处用现在完成时，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项时态不符合。

【句意】你本应该把牛奶放进冰箱的，我想它已经不能喝了。

19.单选题

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项decline“下降，衰退”；B选项vacancy“空缺”；C选项rarity“罕见，珍贵”；D选项shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解决国家劳动力短缺的办法并不容易。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

问题1选项

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敌对的,充满敌意的；tedious单调乏味的；fantastic极好的；courageous勇敢的。根据句意可知,填空处应该是和下文提到的刺激,令人兴奋和令人满意相反意义的词。所以选项B符合句意。

21.单选题

Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcentury(asitarosebefore,inageswhichweliketocalldark)apronouncedanti-intellectualism,afeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvain,butalsosomehowuntrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythisfeelingthereislittleuseinarguing,eitherforhistoryorliterature,orforpoetryormusic,orfortheartsingeneral.

Withothers,thereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbegroundedinaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthissoughtthroughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonlyworthwhile;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.

Thestudyandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyone;alltheartsandsciencesaresuchapproaches.Allhavetheirplaces;allaregood;andeachtouchestheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutions,afflictedbymentalarteriosclerosis,thateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionareattributedentirelytothehistorians,thesocialscientists,orthephysicalscientists.IsPepys’Diary(aliterarywork)historyorsociologyorliterature?Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistoriansfoundthatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabin,TenNightsinaBarRoomandTheCrisis(allliteraryworks)havethemselveshelpedtomakehistory.

Evenatthemoment,whenscientificinvestigationbecomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsandepisodes,itisbecomingclearertothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenatatimewhentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthisbrethrenwhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblem,thelaymanisfarenoughremovedfromallthisspecializationtoseethewhole,possiblyevenmoreclearlythandothespecialists.Betweenhistory,biography,theartsandsciences,andevenjournalism,whocoulddrawairtightdistinctions?Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistory,andmayitnotbecomeliterature?

1.TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.

2.Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas____.

3.Whoismostlikelytorecognizetheunderlyingunityofdiversefacts?

4.Whatismostnecessaryinaperiodofgreatspecialization?

5.Themainintentofthisarticleseemstobethe____.

问题1选项

A.anignoranceofscience

B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavors

C.disregardofintellectualendeavors

D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappiness

问题2选项

A.beingstrictlysociological

B.havingdistinctiveliteraryvalues

C.havingonlyonehistoricalimplication

D.havingmultipleimplications

问题3选项

A.Theintellectual.

B.Thehistorian.

C.Thescientist.

D.Thelayman.

问题4选项

A.Seeinghowpartsformawhole.

B.Seeingthewholeasaresultofitsparts.

C.Absoluteconcentrationonminutedetails.

D.Journalisticaccounts.

问题5选项

A.classificationofcertainliteraryworks

B.dissolutionofstrictclassification

C.formationofanewnomenclature

D.appraisalandclassificationofhistory

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

TheauthorsuggestthatthetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAgesbecauseof____.作者认为二十世纪类似于黑暗时代是因为____。

A.anignoranceofscienceA.对科学的无知

B.anappreciationofintellectualendeavorsB.对智力活动的欣赏

C.disregardofintellectualendeavorsC.对智力活动的漠视

D.adevotionsolelytothepursuitofhappinessD.一心一意追求幸福

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thetwentiethcenturyresemblestheDarkAges定位到原文第一段第一句，该句提到“在二十世纪出现了一种明显的反智主义（就像它之前出现的那样，在我们喜欢称之为黑暗的时代），认为各类研究和文学（studiesandliterature）不仅是徒劳的，而且在某种程度上不值得信任。”由此可知，作者认为二十世纪类似于黑暗时代，是因为这两个时代都出现了一种反智主义，认为各类研究和文学都是无用的、不值得信任的。各类研究和文学都属于智力活动，因此，C选项“对智力活动的漠视”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对科学的无知”，不仅仅是科学，还有文学艺术，该选项属于以偏概全；

B选项“对智力活动的欣赏”，与原文表达的意思相反，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“一心一意追求幸福”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Pepys’Diaryshouldbeconsideredas