考研考博-英语-嘉应学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉应学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

______evidenceofheliumsawitasabrightyellowlineinspectroscopestheyaimedatthesun.

问题1选项

A.Thefirstpeoplewhosaw

B.Thefirstpeoplesaw

C.Thefirstpeoplewhohaveseen

D.Thefirstpeoplehadseen

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。Thefirstpeople是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，因此who不能省略，故排除B和D，C项用的现在完成时，表示从过去到现在，时态不符，看到“evidenceofhelium”是发生在过去，与后面“aimedat”过去时保持一致，用see的一般过去式即可，句意：最早看到氨迹象的人们还以为是分光镜里面的一条明亮的黄线，当时他们正用分光镜对准太阳，因此A正确。

2.单选题

Theinsectthat______afinemistneatlyandquicklycannotbesimplypouredintoabottle.

问题1选项

A.spurs

B.sprays

C.squashes

D.spreads

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spurs“鞭策；促进；策马前进；紧贴主干剪短”；B选项sprays“喷；扫射”；C选项squashes“把……压扁；挤进，塞入；压制，抑制；打断，制止；去除，粉碎；断然拒绝；把……镇住，使无言以对”；D选项spreads“传播；伸展；散布；展开；铺开”。句意：这种可快速均匀地喷洒成细雾的驱虫剂并非是简单地注入瓶中的。因此B选项正确。

3.论述题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

4.单选题

Theeffort____skepticismfrompsychologistswhofinditfrivolous.

问题1选项

A.protests

B.proposes

C.probates

D.provokes

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.protests抗议B.proposes建议

C.probates核实遗嘱D.provokes引起

【答案】D

【考查点】动宾搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填动词搭配的宾语为“心理学家的怀疑”，只有D选项provokes“引起”可以与之搭配。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项与宾语“心理学家的怀疑”搭配不当。

【句意】这种努力引起了心理学家的怀疑，他们认为这种努力毫无意义。

5.单选题

Lastweekthefinancialmanageraskedfora（）toBeijingbranch,whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago.

问题1选项

A.transfer

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transport

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transformation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中whichwasjustsetupthreemonthsago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijingbranch,因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Ifthework-forcerespectedyou,youwouldn’tneedto（）yourauthoritysooften.

问题1选项

A.affirm

B.restrain

C.assert

D.maintain

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。affirm“断言；肯定”；restrain“抑制”；assert“声称；坚持；维护”；maintain“保持”，根据respected“尊重”可知此处对应的是“维护权威”，表示维护权威或者捍卫权威是要用动词assert，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：如果工人们尊重你，你就不需要总是维护你的权威。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

对于希望利用中国大量廉价劳动力的国内外企业来说，多年来，中国沿海制造业中心一直是生产基地的上上之选。然而，自今年5月份以来，中国境内劳资争端明显增多，加之人民币走强以及政府采取行动遏制污染和产能过剩，表明这种低成本的生产模式己不再稳固。

【答案】Overtheyears,China’scoastalmanufacturingcenterhasalwaysbeenthebestchoiceforproductionbasesforenterprisesathomeorabroadwhowanttotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofChinesecheaplabors.However,sinceMaythisyear,thesignificantincreaseofindustrialdisputes,theappreciationofRMBaswellastheactionsadaptedbygovernmentsinordertocurbpollutionandexcesscapacityshowthatthiskindofproductionpatterninlowcostisnolongerstable.

8.单选题

Mymothercamehereonlyfora______stay.ShewouldflytoLosAngelesthenextday.

问题1选项

A.premature

B.transient

C.shortened

D.prolonged

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项premature“草率的；提早的”；B选项transient“短暂的”；C选项shortened“缩短的”；D选项prolonged“长期的”。句意：我母亲来这里______停留。第二天她将飞往洛杉矶。根据第二天就要走，可知这里指的是短暂停留，B选项transient“短暂的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Ifyouholdontoawinningattitude,you’llmakeagreatereffortandalsocreatepositivemomentum.

问题1选项

A.influence

B.strength

C.outlook

D.consequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。momentum表示“动量，动力”；A项influence“影响”，B项strength“力量，力气”，C项outlook“展望，态度，观点”，D项consequence“结果”。句意：如果你坚持一种必胜的态度，你就会做出更大的努力，也会创造积极的势头。根据句意可知B项正确。

10.单选题

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

问题1选项

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

问题2选项

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

问题3选项

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

问题4选项

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题目提问‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法国悖论”是为了……。’根据第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.这已经不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处了，1991年呼吁人们注意所谓法国悖论就是其中的一次。”确定B选项‘为关于红酒的新科学发现提供更多信息‘正确。

2.推断题。题目提问‘第1段的最后一句意味着……。’根据第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”确定这里作者想说的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B选项‘只要酒的味道是我们喜欢的，我们就可以直接多喝些‘正确。

3.推断题。题目提问‘作者的目的是……。’根据文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.这不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处。”中的trumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”可以确定作者的态度是带有批评意味的，C选项正确。

4.推断题。题目提问‘在最后一段，“阿尔茨海默病”是作为一个……例子。’根据最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜芦醇可以延缓衰老过程，预防许多老年疾病。”与第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.几年前，科学家报告说，白藜芦醇可能会阻止这种疾病的发生.”两句的关系（前面提出与后面证明）确定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）与第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互对应的，所以C选项正确。

11.单选题

“Twohundredeightmillion,twohundredninemillion,twohundredtenmillion...”ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStatesin1996.Solidwastesarematerialsthatarediscardedorthrownawayafterusebyconsumersandbusinesses.Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.Duringthatyear,Americansthrewaway210milliontons(about43pounds/20kilogramsperpersondaily)ofgarbage.Wethrowaway12.4milliontonsofglassandabout80milliontonsofpaperproducts.Americaalsothrowsawaylargeamounts(intons)offoodscraps,yardwastes,plastics,sludgefromsewagetreatmentplants,andothermaterials.Thatisalmostamountainofgarbage.

Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste,theamountofwastekeepsincreasingeachyear.Ourbiggestproblemiswheretoputthesolidwasteandhowtokeepitfrompollutingourenvironment.Ifsolidwasteisdisposedofincorrectly,itcancontaminateoursurfaceandundergroundwatersupplies.Currently,ourmunicipalwasteorwastecollectedbyourcitiesandtowns,goestolandfills.Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.Thiswastemustbetreatedtokeeprats,fliesandotheranimalsfrombuildingtheirhomeinthelandfills.Thetreatalsopreventsthegrowthofbacteriaandotherorganismthatcarrydiseases.So,howdowehandlethismountainofgarbage?Scientistshavecomeupwithdifferentmethodsforhandlingourwasteproblem.

OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia,in1937.Insanitarylandfill,thesolidwasteisspreadinthinlayersthatcompactedandcoveredwithalayerofearth.Thisisamoreexpensivemethod,butittakesawaythehazardsthatarecausedbylandfills.Italsoallowedthelandtobeusedforbuildingorrecreation.Thenegativeofthelandfillsisthatit’stoughtofindopenlandandthisprocessisveryexpensive.Thelandalsoneedsitswatersourcesprotectedsothatthewaterwillnotpollutethewatersupply.Landfill(waterdumps)andsanitarylandfillsrelyonthenaturalbiodegradabilityofthesolidwastes.Solidwastearebiodegradableiftheycandecayorbreakdownthroughtheactionoflivingorganismsandreturntotheearth.Howevercertainmaterialstakelongertodecaythanothers,andsomematerialsdonotdecayordecomposeatall.Scientistsneedtofindothermethodsofwastedisposal.Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.

1.Thispassageisaboutdisposalproblemofsolidwaste（）.

2.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,about（）isdumpedtolandfills.

4.Theword“recycle”(Line1,Paragraph2)means（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.byconsumers

B.inCalifornia

C.bymunicipalgovernment

D.inAmerica

问题2选项

A.treatmentofthesolidisahardnuttocrack

B.solutionforproperdisposalwillbefoundsoon

C.Californiasetagoodexampleinsolidwastein1930s

D.thegovernmentremainsconfidentaboutthesolidwaste

问题3选项

A.12.4milliontonsofgarbage

B.80milliontonsofgarbage

C.85%ofthegarbage

D.92.4tonsofgarbage

问题4选项

A.tosendsomethingfaraway

B.tothrowsomethingawaytotherightplace

C.toconvertwasteintoreusablematerial

D.toturnintofertilizers

问题5选项

A.Solidwastedoesnotincludefluidmaterials.

B.SanitarylandfillisatypeofwastedisposalmethodonceusedinCalifornia.

C.Burningisnotamethodthatisusedtoday.

D.Compostingisstilloneofthewaystohandlethemountainofgarbage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“ThatisthesoundofsolidwastehittingthebottomofgarbagecansalloverUnitedStates.”可知，本文主要讲的是全美国的固体垃圾处理问题，所以选项D正确。

2.信息归纳题。根据原文可知，尽管我们一直在为处理固体垃圾不断努力，但每年废弃物的数量都在不断增加，由此可知，这是一个棘手的难题，选项A正确；焚烧和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科学家需要找到其他废物处理方法，由此可知这是一个漫长的过程，所以选项B不正确；根据最后一段，加州虽然首次使用了卫生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以选项C不正确；选项D在文中没有提及。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段“Today,about85%ourgarbagegoestolandfillsorgarbagedumps.”大约85%的垃圾进入了垃圾填埋场或垃圾场。选项C符合原文。

4.词义推断题。“recycle”指循环利用。选项C将废物转化为可重复使用的材料，正确。

5.是非判断题。根据第一段“Thisdoesnotincludefluidmaterials.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段第一句“OnetypeofwastedisposalcalledsanitarylandfillwasfirstusedinFresnoCalifornia.”可知选项B正确;根据最后一段最后一句“Incinerationandrecyclingaremethodsthatarecurrentlyinusetoday.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段第一句“Eventhoughwemakeanefforttorecycleandcompostoursolidwaste”可知选项D正确。所以本题选C。

12.单选题

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

问题1选项

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项shortage“缺乏，不足”。B选项haste“匆忙，急忙”。C选项deficiency“缺陷，缺点”。D选项absence“缺席，缺少，没有”。句意：如果没有其他帮手，我们怎么能完成这项工作呢?本句表示“缺乏帮手的话，难以完成这项工作”。因此D选项符合题意。

13.问答题

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

14.单选题

Successfulscientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakenewexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto______them.

问题1选项

A.infuse

B.verify

C.restore

D.refute

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.infuse灌输；充满B.verify核实，查证

C.restore恢复，还原；归还D.refute反驳，驳斥

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“成功的科学家总是仔细地、客观地检查陈述，并进行新的实验来______它们”可知，新的实验一般都是用来证实一些结果或者发现，所以B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】成功的科学家总是仔细地、客观地检查陈述，并进行新的实验来验证它们。

15.单选题

Mysupplyofconfidenceslowly（）asthedeadlineapproached.

问题1选项

A.abolished

B.eliminated

C.diminished

D.exterminated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。abolish“废除”；eliminate“消除，排除”；diminish“减少，缩小”;exterminate“消除；根除”。主语是confidence“信心”，与之搭配的动词是diminish，因此选项C符合题意。

16.翻译题

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.对一个董事来说，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要将他在参与公司经营期间积累了一定价值的股份变现。

2.虽然乍一看，这项立法似乎阻碍了原本可能简单的程序，但它实际上是为了在促进购买的同时保护债权人（就公司法而言）的权利。

3.通常情况下，一个公司不能购买自己的股份，因为这样做是获得自己的所有权，这违反了关于公司的性质和存在的最基本的法律原则。

4.从本质上来说，只要一家公司的组织大纲和章程允许它这样做，任何公司现在都可以收购自己的股份（前提是至少还有一股剩下）。

5.尽管这种购买通常必须用新发行的股票和（或）可分配利润的收益进行，但对私营公司来说，也存在可以用资本购买的重要规定。

17.翻译题

Toourview,thefuturebelongstothosewhowillknowhowtoperceivethemysteriousborderlinewhichseparatestheuglyfromthebeautiful.Thisphilosophyhasdominatedmostofthegreatcivilizationsofthepastandisfundamentallyourownwesternwayoflookingattheworld.

Iamconfidentthatwithabetterunderstandingofeachother,therewillbealsoacorrespondingmodificationofourattitudestowardtheachievementsoftheJapanesepeople.

Itisonlythroughstrongertiesamongallofus,throughtherealizationofatrulytriangularworldofcooperativeeffortinwhichtheUnitedStates,Europe,andJapanwillbeabletoreinforcetheirrespectiveties,thatonewillbecapableofplanningthegeneralscenarioofthe21stcentury,andthiswithinabroaderpictureofinternationalcooperationamongallcivilizedpeopleofthisplanet.

【答案】我们认为，未来属于那些知道如何感知美和丑之间的神秘界线的人。在过去的大部分时间里，这种观点一直是主流，而且也是我们西方看待世界的主要方式。

我相信，如果我们能更好地彼此理解，我们对待日本人民取得的成就的态度就会发生相应的改变。

只有通过我们之间的密切合作，在美国、日本和欧洲之间建立真正的三角合作关系，加强彼此的联系，我们才能规划21世纪的宏伟蓝图，要做到这一点，需要这个星球上所有文明民族的共同合作。

18.翻译题

金银玉器是一个总称，通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、雕琢加工而成的佩戴装饰品或观赏工艺品。

我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时，就已经出现了金器。从传世文物上来看，金银器品种繁多，应用广泛。小到金银首饰，大到佛塔供器，无不可以发现金银器的踪影。普通人家只是将金银器用作佩饰可收藏，官宦人家则更用作饮食、生活用具，而宫廷中金银器的使用则遍及佛事、饮食起居、冠服车马、陈设装饰等各个方面。从中可以想见金银器对我们传统文化及日常生活的深刻影响。

玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴装饰或陈设观赏的艺术品。早期的玉器多用作礼器，少数用作佩饰。从良渚、红山文化遗址中出土的古玉来看，新石器时期的玉器用作祭祀、陪葬的礼器外，还有辟邪的神秘意味，同时还是权力、财富和尊贵的象征，用玉的阶层也只限于王公贵族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐渐普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩饰也进入了寻常百姓之家。玉在中国传统文化中具有特殊的意义，中国也赢得了“玉器之国”的美誉。

【答案】Gold,silverandjadewaresarethegenericterm,whichusuallyreferstobaldricorornamentalartsandcraftspolishedandcarvedoutofmetalmaterialslikegoldandsilverandjade.

Themanufactureanduseofgoldandsilverwarehasalreadyhadahistoryofmorethan3000yearsinourcountry.Goldwarehasappearedwhilebronzeculturewaswell-knownintheworldintheShangdynasty.Accordingtoculturalrelicshandeddownfromancienttimes,therearemanycategoriesinthegoldandsilverwarethathasbeenappliedinmanyfields.Goldandsilverwarescanbeseenanywhere,rangingfromgoldandsilverjewellerytoBuddhisttowerandworshippingutensils.Goldandsilverwaresaremerelyusedasbaldricthatcanbecollectedinaveragefamily,andtheyarefurtherusedasdietandlifeappliancesinanofficialfamily.Buttheuseofgoldandsilverwaresinthepalaceinvolvesallrespects,suchasBuddhistceremony,dietanddailylife,crownclothingandcoach,furnishingsanddecoration,etc.,fromwhichwecanimaginethattheinfluenceofgoldandsilverwareshasbeenreflectedprofoundlyinourtraditionalcultureanddailylife.

Jadewarereferstotheworkofartmanuallycarvedandpolishedoutofjadeandusedforwearingandornamentationorfurnishingsandappreciation.Mostoftheearlyjadeswereusedasritualvessel,andthenumberofbaldricisverysmall.IntermsofancientjadesunearthedintheLiangzhuandHongshanculturalrelics,apartfrombeingusedasritualvesselsinsacrificialandfuneraryactivities,jadewareintheNeolithicperiodalsohadthemysteriousmeaningofprotectingagainstevilspirits,aswellasasymbolofpower,wealth,anddignity.Furthermore,theuseofjadewaslimitedtoroyaltyandnobility.AftertheSongDynasty,theuseofjadearticlewasmoreandmorepopular,mostofjadewaresorjadeornamentscouldbeseenincommonfamily.JadeisendowedwithaspecialmeaninginthetraditionalChineseculture,andChinahasalsowonagoodreputationof“countryofjade”.

19.单选题

Sometimesthetensionproducedbyfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimesweneedto_____thetensionbylaughingorcrying.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.disperse

C.disguise

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项discardv.抛弃，丢弃；B选项dispersev.分散，使散开，传播；C选项disguisev.掩饰，假装；D选项dischargev.排放，释放，卸货。根据句意可知，有时恐惧造成的紧张，我们无法自行克制，这时就需要哭泣或者怒吼来释放压力。因此，正确答案为D。

20.单选题

W:Goodtoseeyou.Youlookfatterandbetter.

M:Thanks.Ihadalotofexerciseanddrankvegetablejuiceeveryday.

Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?

问题1选项

A.Themanusedtobeunhealthy

B.Themandoesn’thaveasmuchexerciseasheusedto.

C.Themanatealoteveryday.

D.Themanhasbecomeabetterperson

【答案】D

【解析】根据女士的话“你看起来更胖，更好了。”可知D选项‘这个人变得更好了’正确。

21.翻译题

Whatisthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressure?Takeyourpick,asthebestexercisetocontrolhighbloodpressureseemstobevirtuallyanyexercise,likewalkingorcyclingorlightweighttraining,especiallyifyourworkoutsarespreadthroughouttheday.

“Evenstandingmightwork,”saysGlennGaesser,thedirectoroftheHealthyLifestylesResearchCenteratArizonaStateUniversityandanexpertonexerciseandhypertension.Exerciselowersbloodpressureinlargepartbyalteringbloodvesselstiffnesssobloodflowsmorefreely.Thiseffectoccursduringandimmediatelyafteraworkout,sotheblood-pressurebenefitsfromexercisearemostpronouncedrightafter,youworkout.Asaresult,thebestwaytofighthypertensionmaybetodivvyupyourworkoutintobite-sizepieces.

Ina2012studybyDr.Gaesser,three10-minutewalksspreadthroughoutthedaywerebetteratpreventingsubsequentspikesinbloodpressure—whichcanindicateworseningbloodpressurecontrol—thanone30-minutewalk.Andifevena10-minutewalksoundsdaunting,trystandingmoreoften.InanotherstudyledbyDr.GaesserandpublishedinAugust,overweightvolunteerswithbloodpressureproblemswereaskedtositcontinuouslyduringaneight-hourworkdaywhiletheirbloodpressurewasmonitored.Thereadingswere,asexpected,unhealthy.

Butwhen,duringanotherworkday,thosevolunteersstoodupeveryhourforatleast10minutes,theirbloodpressurereadingsimprovedsubstantially.Thereadingswereevenbetterwhen,onadditionalworkdays,thevolunteersstrolledatapokey1-mile-per-hourpaceattreadmilldesksforatleast10minuteseveryhourorpedaledunder-deskexercisebikesforthesamenumberofminuteseveryhour.

“Exerciseintensitydoesnotappeartoplayanysignificantrole”inhelpingpeoplecontrolbloodpressure,Dr.Gaessersays.Movementiswhatmatters.Sogoforastrollafewtimesduringthedayorsimplystandupmoreoftentodevelophealthierbloodpressure.

【答案】【参考译文】

控制血压的最佳锻炼方式是什么？任何锻炼都好，几乎所有运动对控制血压都非常有效，比如步行、骑车或是轻的负重练习，全天式的锻炼会让减压效果更好。

亚利桑那州立大学健康生活方式研究中心的主任格林•盖瑟尔是位锻炼与高血压方面的专家，他认为“哪怕站着也会有帮助。”锻炼降低血压的原因，主要是因为运动可以改善血管硬度使得血流更加通畅。这样的效果在锻炼中和锻炼后都会马上显现，因而在刚刚运动完其降压效果尤其明显。结论就是最好的对抗高血压的方式，是类似少食多餐那样进行少量多次的运动。

在盖瑟尔2012年发表的一篇报告中，他建议将一天运动量均分为3个时长为10分钟的步行，这样比一次步行30分钟相比可以更好预防血压出现峰值，血压峰值出现往往意味着控压恶化。甚至说如果10分钟步行听着都有些吓人的话，那就多站站。盖瑟尔博士主导过另一项研究并将成果于8月出版，研究要求一些超重并有高血压问题的志愿者在8小时的工作日里一直坐在座位上，同时监测其血压，结果发现血压读数如预料的一样非常不健康。

但在另一个工作日，当要求这些志愿者每小时至少站立10分钟后，他们的血压读数显著改善。接着在另外一个工作日，这些志愿者需要每小时用带跑步机的书桌慢速走10分钟（配速为每小时1英里/1.6公里），或者用桌下型蹬车器每小时练习10分钟，锻炼后的血压读数改善得更为显著。

盖瑟尔博士称就辅助人们控制血压方面来说，“锻炼强度起不到什么作用。”运动起来才是关键。所以每天多走几步或多站几次来打造健康血压吧。

22.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(41)Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.(42)Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?(43)

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.(44)Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.(45)

A.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.

B.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.

C.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

D.Sleepisveryancient.

E.Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

F.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.

【答案】41.D

42.A

43.E

44.B

45.C

【解析】41.第一段的句子中提到了extendback，意为“追溯”，而且后面两段提到了一个关键复现词sleep，所以第一段开头填D项“睡眠是非常古老的”正确。

42.第二段第一句提到了dreaming和dreamless，第三句讲了dreamless，所以这里是对dreaming和dreamless分别叙述，第二句肯定是和dream相关的，故A项“在有梦睡眠中，动物被有力地固定住，对外界刺激明显没有反应”正确。

43.第二段倒数第三句提到“与聪明的动物相比，愚蠢的动物在深度睡眠时不太会动弹”，然后就提出了一个问题Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?（但他们为什么要睡得深呢？），并且第二段提到了一个highlyevolved，所以结合选项可知，该题选择E项“为什么会进化出这样一种深度静止的状态？”正确。

44.最后一段开头提到了dolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepvery