考研考博-英语-和田师范专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-和田师范专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Foryearspediaticiansdidn’tworrymuchabouttreatinghypertensionintheirpatients.Afterall,kidsgrowsofast,it’shardkeepingupwiththeirshoesize,letalonetheirbloodpressure.Sure,hypertensioninadultsplacesthematgreaterriskofheartattackandstroke.Butnobodylikestheideaofstartingyoungstersonblood-pressuremedicinetheycouldwinduptakingtherestoftheirlives.Whoknowswhatpreviouslyunheard-ofsideeffectscouldcropupafterfiveprsixdecadesofdailyuse?

Therationalehasbeen:kidsgrowoutofsomanythings,maybethey'llgrowoutofthistoo.

Now,though,comeswordthathighbloodpressurecanbedestructiveeveninchildhood.AccordingtoarecentreportinthejournalCirculation,19of130childrenwithhighbloodpressuredevelopedadangerousthickeningoftheheartmusclethat,inadultsatleast,hasbeenlinkedtoheartfailure.“Nooneknowsifthispatternholdstrueforyoungerpatientsaswell,”saysDr.StephenDaniels,apediatriccardiologistwholedthestudyatChildrensHospitalMedicalCenterinCincinnati,Ohio.“Butit’sworrisome.”

Who’smostatrisk?Boysmorethangirls,especiallyboyswhoareoverweight.Theirheartworkssohardtoforcebloodthroughextralayersoffatthatitswallsgrowmoredense.Then,afterdecadesofstraining,itgrowstoobigtopumpbloodverywell.Fortunatelytheabnormal,thickeningcanbespottedbyultrasound.Andinmostcase,gettingthatbloodpressureundercontrol—throughweightlossandexerciseor,asalastresort,drugtreatment一allowstheoverworkedmuscletoshrinktonormalsize.

Howcanyoutellifyoursarelikethe670,000Americanchildrenages10to18withhighbloodpressure?It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery.Youshouldhaveatestdonebyadoctor,whowillconsultspecialtablesthatindicatemenormalrangeofbloodpressureforaparticularchild’sage,heightandsex.Ifthedoctorfindsanabnormalresulthewillrepeatthetestoveraperiodofmonthstomakesurethereadingisn’tafake.He’llalsocheck,whetherotherconditions,likekidneydisease,couldbethesourceofthetrouble.BecausehypertensioncanbehardtodetecttheNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstituterecommendsannualblood-pressurechecksforeverychildoverage3.

Abouthalfthecasesofhypertensionstemdirectlyfromkidsbeingoverweight.Andtheproblemislikelytogrow.Overthepast30yearstheproportionofchildrenintheU.S.whoareoverweighthasdoubled,from5%to11%or4.7millionkids.

Youcankeepyourchildrenfromjoiningtheirranksbyclearingthejunkfoodfromyourpantryandhookingyoukids—theearlierthebetter一onhealthy,attractivesnackslikefruits(tryfreezinggrapesorcarrotstickswithsalsa).Notonlywilltheyloweryourchildren’sbloodpressure:thesefoodswillalsoboosttheirimmunesystemandunclogtheirplumbing.Meanwhile,makesureyourkidsspendmoretimeontheplaygroundthanwiththeirPlay-Station.Eveniftheydon’tshedapound,vigorousexercisewillhelpkeeptheirbloodvesselsniceandwide,loweringtheirbloodpressure.Andofcourse,they’llbemorelikelytoeatlightandexerciseifyousetagoodexample.

1.Theword“unclog”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby（）.

2.Bysaying“It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery”,thewriterimplies（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuggestedbythewritertocontrolhypertension?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.fix

B.clear

C.hinder

D.dismantle

问题2选项

A.hypertensionishardtodetect

B.childrenoftenrefusetohavetheirbloodpressuretested

C.you’llhavetopayalotofmoneyifyouwanttohaveyourchild’sbloodpressurecheckedinagrocery

D.inalocalgrocery,youarefreetodeterminehowtohaveyourchild’bloodpressureexamined

问题3选项

A.Drugtreatment.

B.Weightloss.

C.Exercise.

D.Overwork.

问题4选项

A.childrenwithhypertensionareunlikelytosufferfromheartattackandstroke

B.parent'sbloodpressuredecidestheirchildren’sbloodpressure

C.besidesoverweight,thereareotherfactorsresultinginhypertension

D.vigorousexercisesometimeswillleadtohearttrouble

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Theword“unclog”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby______.1.最后一段的unclog可以用______代替。

A.fixA.修理

B.clearB.清除

C.hinderC.阻碍

D.dismantleD.拆卸

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段第二句“这些食物不仅能降低孩子的血压，还能增强他们的免疫系统，unclog他们的管道”，可知，既然是有益的食物，当然是能疏通和清洁管道。所以unclog的意思是“疏通”的意思，只有B项“清理，清除”意思与之相近。

【干扰项排除】A项“修理”、C项“阻碍”和D项“拆卸”都是曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Bysaying“It’snotthesortofthingyoucancatchbyputtingyourchild’sarminacuffatthefreemonitoringstationinyourlocalgrocery”,thewriterimplies______.2.通过说“这不是那种你在当地杂货店的免费监测站把孩子的手臂套在袖口上就能抓到的东西”，作者想表示______。

A.hypertensionishardtodetectA.高血压很难检测

B.childrenoftenrefusetohavetheirbloodpressuretestedB.孩子们经常拒绝测量血压

C.you’llhavetopayalotofmoneyifyouwanttohaveyourchild’sbloodpressurecheckedinagroceryC.如果你想在杂货店检查孩子的血压，你将不得不支付一大笔钱

D.inalocalgrocery,youarefreetodeterminehowtohaveyourchild’bloodpressureexaminedD.在当地的一家杂货店，你可以自由决定如何检查孩子的血压

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第五段第二句“这不是那种你在当地杂货店的免费监测站把你的孩子的手臂绑在袖口上就能抓到的东西”，结合上一句“你怎么知道你的孩子是不是像67万10到18岁患有高血压的美国孩子一样呢？”，以及第五段一直强调检测儿童是否高血压，医生需要参考特殊的表格，如果有异常的话需要医生重复进行测试，来确保读数为真，还要检查是否有其他的疾病引起高血压，第五段最后一句更是直接点明“因为高血压很难被发现，国家心肺血液研究所建议每年对每个3岁以上的儿童进行血压检查”，可以推测出作是想表达测量高血压并非易事，所以并不是在当地杂货店通过简单的检测机器就可以检查出的，必须去医院做检查，故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“孩子们经常拒绝测量血压”原文未提及，属于无中生有；

C项“如果你想在杂货店检查孩子的血压，你将不得不支付一大笔钱”与原文不符合，原文已经提到杂货店的监测站是免费的，该项反向干扰；

D项“在当地的一家杂货店，你可以自由决定如何检查孩子的血压”根据解题思路可知，该项并不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuggestedbythewritertocontrolhypertension?3.以下哪项不是作者建议的控制高血压的方法？

A.Drugtreatment.A.药物治疗。

B.Weightloss.B.减肥。

C.Exercise.C.锻炼。

D.Overwork.D.过度工作。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第四段最后一句“而且在大多数情况下，通过减肥和锻炼，或者作为最后的手段，药物治疗（throughweightlossandexerciseor,asalastresort,drugtreatment），控制血压可以使过度劳累的肌肉收缩到正常大小”，从中可知，控制高血压的办法包括减肥、锻炼和药物治疗，只有D项“过度工作”没有提到。故该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“药物治疗”、B项“减肥”和C项“锻炼”都符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.4.我们可以从文章中得出______的结论？

A.childrenwithhypertensionareunlikelytosufferfromheartattackandstrokeA.患有高血压的儿童不太可能患心脏病和中风

B.parent’sbloodpressuredecidestheirchildren’sbloodpressureB.父母的血压决定孩子的血压

C.besidesoverweight,thereareotherfactorsresultinginhypertensionC.除了超重，还有其他因素导致高血压

D.vigorousexercisesometimeswillleadtohearttroubleD.剧烈运动有时会导致心脏病

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据倒数第二段第一句“大约有一半的高血压病例是直接由儿童超重引起的”，从这句话我们可以推断，还有其他的因素也会导致高血压。C项“除了超重，还有其他因素导致高血压”符合这一分析，故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“患有高血压的儿童不太可能患心脏病和中风”，在原文第三段提到，患有高血压的儿童出现危险的心肌增厚，所以该项并不正确，属于反向干扰；

B项“父母的血压决定孩子的血压”没有提到，无中生有；

D项“剧烈运动有时会导致心脏病”，在原文最后一段倒数第二句提到“剧烈的运动也会帮助他们保持血管的健康和宽阔，降低他们的血压”，可知，“剧烈运动有时会导致心脏病”与原文不符，曲解原文。

2.单选题

Accordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.

Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.

Thecoreoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftenskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheearth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.

Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvsgeniusdispute.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.

1.Whatleadstotheexpansionofscienceintermsofthenewschoolofscientists?

2.Whatisthenatureofscientificrevolutionaccordingtoaleaderofthenewschool?

3.Whydoesmodernschoolofscientistspayattentiontotheinventionandimprovementoftoolsandtechnology?

4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Thecreativeideasofthegreatminds.

B.Thescientificknowledgeofthegeniuses.

C.Theimprovementofordinarytoolsandtechniques.

D.Theneglectedforceinscientificinnovations.

问题2选项

A.Ithelpstoinventaseriesofnewinstruments.

B.Itisactuallytheresultofthedevelopmentofaseriesofinstruments.

C.Itpushesthesciencetowardaparticulardirection.

D.Ithasimprovedthetechniquesininnumerabledirections.

问题3选项

A.Becausetheycanbeappliedinscientificexperiments.

B.Becausetheyaregreatlyadmiredbyscientistsandinventors.

C.Becausetheyareoverlookedbyhistoriansandphilosophers.

D.Becausetheycanbeservedasasourceofbasicinnovations.

问题4选项

A.Thegovernment'sdecisiononitsfinanceallocationisdeterminedbyitsopinionontheprioritybetweenscienceandtechnology.

B.Thegovernmenthasdevelopedpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnology.

C.Thegovernmenthasattachedmoreimportancetotechnologythanpurescience.

D.Thegovernmentwillnolongerincreasethefinancialsupporttopurescience.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的第一段，“Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.”他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。A选项“伟大思想的创造性思想”，B选项“天才的科学知识”，C选项“普通工具和技术的改进”，D选项“科学创新中被忽视的力量”。因此，C选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第一段的最后一句，“Inshort,aleaderofthenewschoolcontends,thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementaninventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”简而言之，新学派的一位领袖认为，我们所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列仪器的改进、发明和使用，这些发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。A选项“它有助于发明一系列新仪器”，B选项“它实际上是一系列仪器发展的结果”，C选项“它把科学推向一个特定的方向”，D选项“它在无数方面改进了技术”。因此，B选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的第二段，“Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.”多年来，工具和技术本身作为基础性创新的源泉在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学哲学家们所忽视。A选项“因为他们可以应用于科学实验”，B选项“因为他们深受科学家和发明家的尊敬”，C选项“因为他们被历史学家和哲学家所忽视”,D选项“因为它们可以作为基本创新的源泉”。因此，D选项符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章的最后一段，“WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.”政府是应该以牺牲技术为代价增加纯科学的融资，还是反过来增加纯科学的融资，往往取决于哪一方被视为驱动力的问题。A选项“政府对其资金配置的决定取决于其对科学与技术优先地位的看法”，B选项“政府以牺牲技术为代价发展了纯科学”，C选项“政府更重视技术而不是纯科学”，D选项“政府将不再增加对纯科学的资金支持”。因此，A选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Itisnotuncommonforthere（

）problemsofcommunicationbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

问题1选项

A.being

B.wouldbe

C.be

D.tobe

【答案】D

【解析】句意:老人与年轻人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。

固定搭配。itis+形容词+fortheretobe...。

4.单选题

Thetotalinfluenceofliteratureuponthecourseofhumanhistory（）.

问题1选项

A.anevaluationisdifficult

B.isdifficulttoevaluate

C.difficulttoevaluateit

D.itisdifficulttoevaluate

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。Thetotalinfluenceofliteratureuponthecourseofhumanhistory“文学对人类历史进程的全部影响”为主语，没有谓语或系动词，无法构成完整的句子结构，C选项内没有谓语动词或系动词，代入也无法组成完整的句子，错误；A，D选项都有各自的主语，和题干的主语重复，错误；B选项代入能构成完整的句子，因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theproblemwithemploying（）peopleisthattheyoftendon’tstayinthejobforlong.

问题1选项

A.overpriced

B.overqualified

C.overrated

D.overwhelmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。overpriced“定价过高的”；overqualified“资历过高的，条件太好的”；overrated“评价过高的，高估的”；overwhelmed“不堪重负的，受宠若惊的”。句意：招聘那些不堪重负的人的问题就是这些人不会在工作岗位上待太久。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

QwestboaststhatitsdigitalinfrastructurecantransmittheentireLibraryofCongressacrossAmericain20seconds.

问题1选项

A.superstructure

B.instrument

C.facilities

D.foundation

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.superstructure上层建筑B.instrument仪器；器具

C.facilities设施；工具D.foundation地基；基础

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】infrastructure本意是“基础设施”，由后半句句意“可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地”可知，能够传送信息，那么句中digitalinfrastructure应该指“数字设备”的意思，facility指可供使用的设备或设施，C项词义与之相近，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A、D项不符合划线单词词义；

B项instrument通常指能使人们完成某一精确动作或测量的一种小型仪器，尤指电工仪表、测量装置，航海或航空用的控制装置。

【句意】奎斯特通讯公司自夸其数字基础设施可以在20秒内将整个美国国会图书馆的信息传送到全国各地。

7.单选题

Ineconomics，demandimpliessomethingslightlydifferentfromthecommonmeaningoftheterm.Thelayman,forexample，oftenusedthetermtomeantheamountthatisdemandedofanitem.Thus,ifthepriceweretodecreaseandindividualswantedmoreoftheitem,itiscommonlysaidthatdemandincreases.Toaneconomist,demandisarelationshipbetweenaseriesofpricesandaseriesofcorrespondingquantitiesthataredemandedattheseprices.I£oneroadstheprevioussentencescarefully，itshouldbecomeapparentthatthereisadistinctionbetweenthequantitydemandedanddemand.Thisdistinctionisoftenapointofconfusionandweallshouldbeawareofandunderstandthedifferencebetweenthesetwoitems.Werepeat,therefore,thatdemandisarelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitiesdemanded,andthereforesuggeststheeffectofone(e.g.，price)ontheother(e.g.quantitydemanded).Therefore,knowledgeofthedemandforaproductenablesonetopredicthowmuchmoreofaproductwillbepurchasedifpricedecreases.Buttheincreaseinquantitydemandeddoesnotmeandemandhasincreased,sincetherelationshipbetweenpriceandquantity(i.e.，thedemandfortheproduct)hasnotchanged.Demandshiftswhenthereisachangeinincome,expectations,tastes,etc.，suchthatadifferentquantityoftheproductisdemandedatthesameprice.

Inalmostallcases，aconsumerwantsmoreofanitemifthepricedecreases.Thisrelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemandedissostrongthatitisreferredtoasthe“lawofdemand”.This“law”canbeexplainedbytheincomeandsubstitutioneffects.Theincomeeffectoccursbecausepriceincreasesreducethepurchasingpoweroftheindividualand,thus，thequantitydemandedofgoodsmustdecrease.Thesubstitutioneffectreflectstheconsumer’sdesiretogetthe“bestbuy”.Accordingly,ifthepriceofproductAincreases,theindividualwilltendtosubstituteanotherproductandpurchaselessofgoodsAThenegativecorrelationbetweenpriceandquantitydemandedisalsoexplainedbythelawofdiminishingmarginalutility.Accordingtothislaw，theadditionalutilitytheconsumergainsfromconsumingaproductdecreasesassuccessivelymoreunitsoftheproductareconsumed.Becausetheadditionalunitsyieldlessutilityorsatisfaction,theconsumeriswillingtopurchasemoreonlyifthepriceoftheproductdecreases.

Economistsdistinguishbetweenindividualandmarketdemand.Asthetermimplies，individualdemandconcernstheindividualconsumerandillustratethequantitiesthatindividualsdemandatdifferentprices.Marketdemandincludesthedemandofallindividualsforaparticulargoodsandisfoundbysummingthequantitiesdemandedbyallindividualsatthevariousprices.

Theothersideofthepricesystemissupply.Asinthecaseofdemand,supplyisarelationshipbetweenaseriesofpricesandtheassociatedquantitiessupplied.Itisassumedthataspriceincreasestheindividualorfirmwillsupplygreaterquantitiesofaproduct.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweenquantitysuppliedandproductprice.

Economistsalsodistinguishbetweenachangeinsupplyandquantitysupplied.Thedistinctionissimilartotheonemadewithrespecttodemand.Also，asinthecaseofdemand,economistsdistinguishbetweenindividualfirmsupplyandmarketsupply，whichisthesummationofindividualsupply.

Takentogether,supplyanddemandyieldequilibriumofpriceandquantity.Equilibriumisastateofstability,withbalancedforcesinwhichpricesandquantitywillremainconstant.Moreover，thereareforcesinthemarketthatwillacttoestablishequilibriumifchangesindemandorsupplycreatedisequilibrium.Forexample,ifpricesareaboveequilibrium,thequantitysuppliedexceedsquantitydemandedandsurplusesoccurthathaveadownwardpressureonprices.Thesepressureswillpersistuntilequilibriumisestablished.Ifpricesarebelowequilibrium,theproductwillbecomescareandtherewillbeanupwardpressureonprice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,demand_____.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thelawofdiminishingmarginalutility_____.

3.Theword“equilibrium”（Line1，Para.6）mostprobablymeans_____.

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Thepurposeofthispassageistoillustrate_____.

问题1选项

A.increasesaspricedecreases

B.canbepredictedifthereisachangeinprice

C.remainsconstantatthesameprice

D.isinfluencedbychangesintheconsumer’sincomeandtastes

问题2选项

A.isexplainedbyincomeandsubstitutioneffects

B.explainswhytheadditionalunitsyieldlessutility

C.showsthattheadditionalunitsyieldlesssatisfaction

D.reflectstheconsumer’sdesiretogetthecheapestbuy

问题3选项

A.stability

B.balance

C.summation

D.consistency

问题4选项

A.Pricedecreasesasmoreproductsaresupplied.

B.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweensupplyanddemand.

C.Thereisanupwardpressureonpriceifmoreproductsaredemanded.

D.Bothquantitydemandedandquantitysuppliedaredependentonproductprices.

问题5选项

A.thetwosidesofpricesystem

B.therelationshipbetweendemandandsupply

C.therelationshipbetweenpriceandquantity

D.thedistinctionbetweendemandandquantitydemanded

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“Demandshiftswhenthereisachangeinincome，expectations，tastes,etc.，suchthatadifferentquantityoftheproductisdemandedatthesameprice.”，可知需求随着收入、预期和品味等因素而改变，造成相同价格下产品的需求量不同。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Becausetheadditionalunitsyieldlessutilityorsatisfaction,theconsumeriswillingtopurchasemoreonlyifthepriceoftheproductdecreases.”，可知在边际效用递减规则中，因为额外产品产生的效用和满意度较低，只有该产品的价格降低，消费者才愿意购买更多的产品。选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句，“Equilibriumisastateofstability,withbalancedforcesinwhichpricesandquantitywillremainconstant.”，根据本句对equilibrium的解释，可知，它是一种稳定状态，价格和数量在平衡力下保持不变。可推测equilibrium应该有平衡的意思，和balance同义，选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“…Ifpricesarebelowequilibrium,theproductwillbecomescareandtherewillbeanupwardpressureonprice.”，可知如果价格低于平衡值，产品会稀缺，又对价格产生上压力。选项C符合题意。

5.主旨题。本文先后讨论了供给和价格之间的关系，以及需求和价格之间的关系，供给和需求是市价格体系的两个方面，最后提到了市场体系中供需平衡的调控，选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对sufficientgrounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，确定用介词on，B选项onwhichtobase正确。A选项whichtobaseon介词和语序错误；C选项tobebasedon和D选项tobaseon介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。

9.写作题

Youareaskedtowriteinnolessthan200wordsaboutthetitleofHarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicFieldinChina.YoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.

RemembertowriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。

【答案】

HarmfulPlagiarisminAcademicFieldinChina10.单选题

Signswarnedthatthetrailwas（）eveningoodweatherconditions,soonlyexperiencedandwell-equippedhikersshouldattemptit.

问题1选项

A.affluent

B.wholesome

C.treacherous

D.incurable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项affluent“丰富的”；B选项wholesome“健全的”；C选项treacherous“危险的”；D选项incurable“不能治愈的”。句意：指示牌上写着，即使在天气条件好的情况下，这条小路也是危险的，所以只有经验丰富、装备精良的徒步旅行者才能尝试。本句表示小路很危险。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation-conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind:this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporationordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemeltsitwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeepestportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.

13.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaftertheformationofoceanice?

15.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSeainthelastparagraph?

16.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceanswithices?

问题1选项

A.Thechangeinoceanicsalinity

B.Theprocessesofseawater

C.Theformationofourtablesalt

D.Theconversionofseawater

问题2选项

A.Thesaltisstillinthewater.

B.Theheavywatersinks.

C.Thewaterbecomesdenser.

D.Watersalinitydecreases.

问题3选项

A.Tosuggestthatithassalinityvariation.

B.TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters.

C.Toindicatethelocationofdeepwaters.

D.Togiveanexampleofcold-watersalinity.

问题4选项

A.Itmovesveryquickly.

B.Itisrelativelywarm.

C.Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.

D.Itisrelativelycold.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】13.主旨大意题。文章的第一句Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.（如果对海水的盐度进行分析，就会发现各地的盐度差别很小。）但是有些小的变化是重要的，最后再说明了导致海洋的盐度变化的基本过程有三个：蒸发、降水和冰。文章一直围绕着盐度变化进行阐述。因此A选项“海洋盐度的变化”正确，符合题意。B选项“海水的过程”，C选项“我们食盐的形成”，D选项“海水的转化”均与题意不符，可排除。故选A。

14.推理判断题。定位在倒数第二段Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.（海水冻结时，溶于其中的物质被留了下来。这样，在新形成的海洋冰正下方的海水会比在冰块形成之前有更高的盐度。）由此可知海洋冰形成后附近水域的盐度会上升，而不是下降，因此D选项“盐度降低”错误。同理可知A选项“盐还在水里”，C选项“水变得更浓了”正确。B选项“重水下沉”定位在最后一段IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.（在南极洲附近的威德尔海，海洋中最稠密的水是由于这种冻结过程而形成的，这种冻结过程增加了冷水的盐度。）可知Thisheavywatersinks这种重水下沉也与海洋冰的形成有关。故选D。

15.推理判断题。定位在最后一段IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeepestportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.（在南极洲附近的威德尔海，海洋中浓度最高的水是由于这种冻结过程而形成的，这种冻结过程增加了冷水的盐度。这种重水下沉，在世界海洋最深的部分被发现。）还是在对第三种导致海洋的盐度变化的过程海洋冰的举例，因此答案选D选项“举冷水盐度的例子”正确，符合题意。A选项“表明它有盐度变化”，与题意不符，可排除。B选项“把南极水域和北极水域进行比较”属于无中生有，可排除。C选项“指示深水的位置”偷换主语，非深水而是重水下沉。可排除。故选D。

16.推理判断题。根据原文Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.（这样，在新形成的海洋冰正下方的海水会比在冰块形成之前有更高的盐度。）和thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.（由于这种冻结过程，海洋中最密集的水形成，增加了冷水的盐度）由此可推理出在海洋冰底下的海水浓度会更高。因此C选项“它的盐度相对较高”正确，符合题意。A选项“它移动得很快”，B选项“海水会相对暖和”，D选项“海水相当冷”，均未涉及，不符合题意，可排除。故选C。

12.单选题

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthe（）government’spolicies.

问题1选项

A.economical

B.economy

C.economic

D.economics

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:economical“节俭的，经济的；经济实惠的”；B:economy“经济；节约”；C:economic“经济上的，经济学的”；D:economics“经济学”。句意：尽管史密斯博士不是一个经济学家，但是长期以来，对政府的经济上的政策来说，他是一个严厉的评论家。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。

13.单选题

Itcannotbedeniedthattheexistingresourcesonearthwillbedepleted,butscientistsare（）toconcedetheinevitabilityofthatday,realizingthatnewenergiescanbefoundinthenearfuture.

问题1选项

A.bound

B.unprepared

C.hesitant

D.likely

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意：毫无疑问，地球上存在的资源将会枯竭。但是科学家认为

在不久的将来会发现新的资源。bound有义务的；unprepared没有准备好的；hesitant有疑虑的；likely可能的。此处，belikelyto为固定搭配，意为“可能做某事”。故选D。

14.单选题

Thereisgrowing（）amongecologiststhatbiodiversitycannotbeadequatelyconservedbyprotectedareasalone.

问题1选项

A.consensus

B.concession

C.conception

D.contention

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项consensus“共识，一致”，B选项concession“让步，妥协”，C选项conception“构想，怀孕”，D选项contention“争论，观点”。句意:生态学家们越来越一致认为，仅靠保护区是不能充分保护生物多样性的。因此，A选项符合句意。

15.单选题

Itistruethat____awildplantintoamajorfoodcropsuchaswheatrequiresmuchresearchtime.

问题1选项

A.multiplying

B.breeding

C.magnifying

D.generating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析与上下文语义。A选项multiply“使大幅增加”；B选项breed“培养；培育（动植物）”；C选项magnify“放大；夸赞；夸大”；D选项generate“使形成；产生（电等能量）”。句意：确实____一种野生植物变成