考研考博-英语-南京理工大学泰州科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京理工大学泰州科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Bribery（）theconfidencethatmustexistbetweenbuyerandseller.

问题1选项

A.aggravates

B.deteriorates

C.corrodes

D.degenerates

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:aggravates“加重，使恶化；使恼火”；B:deteriorates“恶化，变坏”；C:corrodes“（渐渐）损害；（一点一点地）损伤”；D:degenerates“使退化；恶化；使变质”。句意：贿赂伤害了买卖双方必须存在的信任。根据句意及动宾搭配可知C最合适。

2.单选题

Ifonebrandofcomputeris（）withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.

问题1选项

A.competent

B.compulsory

C.comparable

D.compatible

【答案】D

【解析】competent胜任的,有能力的；compulsory义务的,必修的；comparable同等的,可比较的；compatible兼容的,能共处的。句意：如果一个品牌的电脑与另一个品牌的电脑兼容,它们就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的软件。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Thegrowthofpopulationduringthepastfewcenturiesisnoproofthatpopulationwillcontinuetogrowstraightupwardtowardinfinityanddoom.Onthecontrary,demographichistoryoffersevidencethatpopulationgrowthhasnotbeenatallconstant.Accordingtopaleo-ecologistEdwardDeevey,thepastmillionyearsshowthreemomentouschanges.Thefirst,arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.Butwhenthenewpowerfromtheuseoftoolshadbeenexploited,therateofworldpopulationgrowthfellandbecamealmoststable.

Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.

Thesetwoepisodessuggestthatthethirdgreatchange,thepresentrapidgrowth,whichbeganintheWestbetween250and350yearsago,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.Ofcourse,thecurrentknowledgerevolutionmaycontinuewithoutforeseeableend.Eitherway—contrarytopopularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth—populationcanbeexpectedinthelongruntoadjusttoproductivity.Andwhenonetakesthisview,populationgrowthisseentorepresenteconomicprogressandhumantriumphratherthansocialfailure.

1.Inthepassage,whendidthefirstsignificantdemographicchangeoccur?

2.Whatdidhumanbeingslearntodowhenthe2nddemographicchangetookplace?

3.Whatisfoundtohavecloserelationshipwithrapidincreaseinpopulation?

4.Whatcanbeconcludedwhenthecurrenttideofknowledgerevolutionebbs?

5.Whatistheconceptmostpeoplehaveonpopulationgrowth?

问题1选项

A.Threetofourcenturiesago.

B.Tenthousandyearsago.

C.Atatimewhensteamedenginewasinvented.

D.Atatimewhenhumanbeingsbegantousetools.

问题2选项

A.Tousestone.

B.Toplanttheearth.

C.Tobuildaircraft.

D.Toderiveautomobiles.

问题3选项

A.Warbetween2centuries.

B.Waysdiscoveredtoincreaseproductivity.

C.Migrationfromacontinenttoanothercontinent.

D.Anewreligionbeginningtobeacceptedbypeople.

问题4选项

A.Productivitywillrise.

B.Productivitywillreceivenoimpact.

C.Populationgrowthwillslowdown.

D.Populationgrowthwillbecomeaccelerated.

问题5选项

A.Thepopulationisalwaysinconstantgeometricgrowth.

B.Rapidgrowthisfollowedbystablegrowth.

C.Deceleratedgrowthisfollowedbyadecline

D.Nogrowthatall.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“arapidincreaseinpopulationaroundonemillionB.C.,followedtheinnovationsoftool-makingandtool-using.”公元前100万年左右，人口迅速增长，伴随着工具制造的创新和工具的使用。选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Thenextrapidjumpinpopulationstartedperhaps10.000yearsago,whenmenbegantokeepherds,plowandplanttheearth.”第二次人口的快速增长大约始于一万年前，那时人们开始放牧、犁地和种地。选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后一句“Onceagainwheninitialproductivitygainshadbeenabsorbed,therateofpopulationgrowthabated.”当最初的生产力增长再次被吸收后，人口增长率又降低了。由此推断，人口的增长和生产力的提高有关，选项B正确。

4.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“thepresentrapidgrowth,...,mayalsoslowdownwhen,oriftechnologybeginstoyieldfewerinnovations.”如果技术创新开始减少，当前人口的快速增长也可能放缓。选项C符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...popularbeliefinconstantgeometricgrowth...”选项A与原文相符。

4.单选题

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

问题1选项

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.defendanunpopularideology

问题2选项

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

问题3选项

A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句，“Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.”，SarahEisenstein在其未完成但极具启发性的文章中，关注了从本世纪初到第一次世界大战期间职业女性价值观的演变。可判断出本篇文章对女性研究的相关话题展开讨论。下文紧接着提到了爱森斯坦在职业和工作对女性的影响问题的研究。根据文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.”，爱森斯坦未完成的研究没有充分深入或详细地发展这些观点，只提供了令人感兴趣的线索，而没有详尽的分析。可判断出作者认为爱森斯坦对女性的研究是不充分的，所以本篇文章的目的就是为了对女性研究的方法进行评估。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”，爱森斯坦认为，世纪初的女性既没有完全接受也没有拒绝所谓的“家庭生活”的主导意识形态，而是接受了这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态——女权主义、社会主义、工会主义——并根据自己的经验和需要对它们进行修改或调整。可判断出女性只接受主流意识形态的某些方面，而不是全部。选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.”，爱森斯坦未完成的研究没有充分深入或详细地发展这些观点，提供了令人感兴趣的线索，而不是详尽的分析。不管爱森斯坦的总体计划是什么，以她目前的研究形式来看，她所依赖的资料来源有限。可判断出对爱森斯坦研究的继续需要收集各种资料，做更加详尽的分析，所以世纪初典型工薪阶层的女性的书信和日记进行分析很有可能是爱森斯坦研究的继续，选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Johnhashiddensomethinginthetree.

B.Johnhimselfshouldbeblamed.

C.Johnhasadogthatbarksalot.

D.Johnisunlucky.

【答案】B

【解析】W:DidyouknowthatJohnfailedinthemathexam?

M:Yes.Andheblameditonbadluck.ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree.

Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

【解析】常用习语。男士说：ButIreallythinkheisbarkingupthewrongtree(我觉得他找错原因了)。

6.不定项选择题

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

问题3选项

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

问题4选项

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

问题5选项

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

问题6选项

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

问题7选项

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

问题8选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题9选项

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了地球日环保活动的起源，接着介绍了不同人群在环保运动中对环境保护做出的努力和取得的成果，说明本文的主要内容是介绍环保运动的起源和发展。因此C选项“环保运动及其开始的过程”正确。A选项“地球日对环保运动的影响”，D选项“环保局在保护自然资源方面的成功”都只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章的全部内容，所以A，D错误。B选项“如何保护地球的环境”表述太过宽泛，所以B错误。

14.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.（人们普遍认为，环境保护运动之所以如此成功，是因为它得到了基层的支持，数百个城镇的活动人士团体主动清理了自己的社区。），说明环保运动取得广泛成功的原因是得到了基层的支持。因此B选项“在地方层面运作良好”正确。A选项“保护了人们关心的植物和动物”，D选项“迫使重要的国家法律得到批准”是环境运动的成果，而不是取得成功的原因，所以A，D错误。C选项“把不近人情的政客赶下台”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。

15.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.（它与各种截然不同的独立组织结盟，与成千上万的小型特殊利益集团甚至是在地方层面工作的个人结盟。），说明环保局是通过和其他地方组织合作，协调国家和地方的行动来帮助环保运动的。因此A选项“协调了地方和国家层面的行动”正确。B选项“获得了总统的支持”，原文说的是总统通过行政命令成立了环保局，并不是它对于环保运动的做法，所以B错误。C选项“接手地方组织加快行动”，原文说的是和其他地方组织合作，没有说接手地方组织，所以C错误。D选项“向地方组织提供资金”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

16.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（对该运动提出的一个批评是，它对环境破坏可怕后果的预测往往是错误的。），说明有人批评环保运动预测的环境破坏后果都没有出现。因此D选项“没有看到它宣称的环境破坏”正确。A选项“提出了一些会损害经济的措施”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“预测无法通过实际行动来防止”，原文提到了环保运动提出的警告带来了变化，而这些变化使得预测不会实现，所以B错误。C选项“缺乏取得任何实际进展所需的支持”，原文提到了它得到了国家层面关键法律和政府的支持，所以C错误。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度，或他们的工作在实际改善环境方面所体现的程度。），说明对环保运动的批评促使环保主义者改变了进行环保运动的方法。因此A选项“使环保主义者改变了他们的方法”正确。B选项“减少了联邦政府对环境保护的援助”，C选项“减少了民众对环保局的支持”，D选项“重振了人们对环保运动的支持”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

18.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度，或他们的工作在实际改善环境方面所体现的程度。），说明对环保运动的批评并没有打击环保主义者的积极性或阻碍环保运动的发展，而是让环保主义者反思之前的做法，追求一种更客观的方法来证实自己的主张。因此B选项“环保运动的反对者成功地让环保主义者采取另一种更客观的方法来证实他们的主张”正确。A选项“这场运动的批评者成功地劝阻了许多环保主义者支持一些更为激进的措施，这些措施是通过质疑他们所采用的定量方法而提出的”，由原文可知，环保主义者之前并没有采用定量方法，所以A错误。C选项“与环保主义者意见相左的人最终能够说服许多人，认为环保运动所采用的方法是无效的，他们的结论是不正确的”，D选项“环保团体的成员不愿意采用定量的方法来评估环境损害，因为他们认为结果可能无法证实他们的主张”与原文表述的意思相反，所以C，D错误。

19.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“dire”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.（对该运动提出的一个批评是，它对环境破坏可怕后果的预测往往是错误的。），说明“dire”在文中是指“可怕、极其严重”的意思。因此C选项“严重的”正确。A选项“未实现的”，B选项“可能的”，D选项“虚构的”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

20.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.（多亏了以泰迪•罗斯福为代表的具有环保意识的政治人物的额外帮助，他在近一个世纪前就建立了美国的第一个国家公园，这一运动得到了发展。）讲的是个人为环保运动提供的帮助，C处前文说到环保局和不同的组织与个人合作，那么下文应该介绍具体的事例。因此该句放在C处最合适。

21.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“dissent”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed（这些不同的声音向环保主义者表明，有必要使用定量方法来评估他们所目睹的破坏程度），说明“dissent”在文中是指“不同、反对”的意思。因此A选项“反对”正确。B选项“支持”，C选项“冷漠”，D选项“矛盾”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

7.单选题

Iamrunningdownanalleywithastolenavocado,havingclimbedoverawhitebrickfenceandintotheforbiddenbackyardofacarefullymanicuredestateatthecomerofElDoradoandCrescentDriveinBeverlyHills,California.Ihavesnatchedarock-hardFuerteavocadofromoneofthethreeavocadotreesnearthefence.Ihavebeentoldthatmanyferociousdogspatrolthegrounds;theyarekillers,thesedogs.Iamdefyingthem.Theyarenowheretobefound,exceptinmymind,andI’moutandgoneandinthealleywiththeirgrowlsdirectingmyimagination.Iamrunningwithfearandexhilaration,beginningaperiodofsummer.

EmergingfromtheshieldofthealleyIcutoutintotheopen.Summerisaboutrunning,andIamrunningprotectedbydistancefromthedogs.AtthecomerofCrescentDriveandLomitasIspotBobbyTomitzeronabike.Ishout“Tomitzer!”Heturnshishead.Hisbikewobbles.AnautomobilemovingrapidlycatchesTomitzer’sbackwheel.TomitzeristhrownhighintotheairandontotheconcretesidewalkofCrescentDrive.Thedriver，awomanwithgrayhair,swirlsfromthecarhystericallyandhoversnoisilyoverTomitzer,whowillnotsurvivetheaccident.Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.Iamshiveringintheheat,andsinktomyknees.Itisapproximately3:30intheafternoon.ItisJune21,1946.Insevendays,Iwillbe8yearsold.

1.Thebesttitleforthisstorycouldbe（）

2.ThemainimageinParagraph1isofayoungboy（）.

3.ThemainimageinParagraph2isof（）.

4.Thestorystartwiththefeelingof（）,andendswiththefeelingof（）.

5.Thephrase“shiveringintheheat”(neartheendofthispassage)dramaticallydescribesshockthrough（）.

问题1选项

A.Summer

B.KillerDogs

C.MyEighthBirthday

D.TheAlley

问题2选项

A.climbingawhitebrickfences

B.snatchingavocados

C.runningwithfearandexhilaration

D.defyingferociousdogs

问题3选项

A.Tomitzerridinghisbike

B.exhilarationturningintohorror

C.the7-year-oldemergingfromthealley

D.thehysteriaofthewomandriver

问题4选项

A.joyfulaction...horrifiedinaction

B.running...standing

C.beingalone...beingwithothers

D.beingaloneintheopen...shiveringintheheat

问题5选项

A.theuseofminutedetail

B.theunexpectedcombinationofhotandcold

C.itsimpliedreferencetotheword“frozen”

D.thecontrastofdeathandplay

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:文章讲述的是作者在夏天偷牛油果的事，选项A符合题意。

第2题:文章第一段第一句话提到小男孩偷牛油果(astolenavocado)。选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第二段讲述了小男孩偷完牛油果往回走，在路上看见Tomitzer在骑自行车，很高兴地喊他，但是他在回头的时候，被汽车撞死了。见到此情此景，小男孩Iholdtheavocadotomychestandstand,frozen,acrossthestreet.说明小男孩内心很害怕。这一段主要讲述了小男孩由偷牛油果的兴奋到间接害死朋友的恐惧心理。选项B符合题意。

第4题:根据上题，可知选项A符合题意。

第5题:由上下文可知，小男孩在成功偷取牛油果后是非常开心的，但是当Tomitzer因为他而死了的时候他感觉很害怕。这个短语用来描述死亡与玩耍的对比，选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Withoutapropereducation,peoplecould（）allkindsofcrimes.

问题1选项

A.conduct

B.stoop

C.commit

D.sweat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“组织，实施”；stoop“辱没，堕落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commitcrimes犯罪，故C项正确。句意：如果没有接受合适的教育，人们可能会进行各种犯罪活动。

9.单选题

Theprofessorgave（）instructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

问题1选项

A.authoritative

B.afflictive

C.explicit

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。authoritative“有权威的”；afflictive“难受的，苦恼的”；explicit“明确的”;obvious“明显的”。根据后面makeeverystudentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab“让每个学生知道如何在实验室中进行实验”可知教授给出了“详细的说明”，选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Tuberculosis(肺结核).

B.Rhinitis(鼻炎).

C.Laryngitis(喉炎).

D.Flu.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Goodafternoon,doctor.Ihaveaterribleheadache.YesterdayIhadarunnynose.Nowmynoseisstuffedup.

M:Letmegiveyouanexamination.First,letmehavealookatyourthroat.Ok,nowletmeexamineyourchest.Doyouhaveahistoryoftuberculosis?

W:No,Idon’tthinkso.

M:Yourthroatisinflamedandyourtongueisthicklycoated.Youhaveallthesymtomsofinfluenza.

Q:Whatisthewomansufferingfrom?

【解析】细节题。医生说：Youhaveallthesymptomsofinfluenza，即他认为女士有流感的所有症状。

11.单选题

I'msorrytohave（）youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.

问题1选项

A.interfered

B.impressed

C.offended

D.bothered

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这种情况下，我还问了这么多问题，给你添麻烦了，真是抱歉。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。interfere干预；打扰；impress给……以深刻印象；offend冒犯；得罪；bother烦扰；打扰。因此D符合句意。

12.单选题

Whyshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.

Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejob.

Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportant