考研考博-英语-中国计量大学现代科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国计量大学现代科技学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.Wehave,byandlargeacceptedthepropositionthatpeopledon'tcareaboutforeignnews,don'treallycaremuchabouthardnews-atall-that"feel-goodnews,entertainment,“info-tainment”，features,andgossipsellbetterthananythingseriousandcertainlysellbetterthananythingtoodisturbing.

Ibelievethatkindoftalkiswrong.Ibelievethatkindoftalkisdangerous.And1knowthatkindoftalkhasnothingtodowithleadershipandpublicservice.Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.

Ofcourse.Thereisonespecialproblemforthoseofuswhoearn,ourlivingreportingthenewsthatothersmake.Leadershiprequiresdefiniteopinionsonwhichcoursetotake,whatpathtofollow;butthoseofusinthemainstreammediaaretrainedtosetouropinionsasideasfarashumanlypossible.Wetrytokeepopenminds;byandlarge,wearen'tjoiners.Weknow(oftenbetterthanwe’regivencreditfor)thatwedon’thaveanysecretformulasforansweringtheimportantquestions.Sowecanjustifiablyask:“Howarewetolead?”Iknowthatweinthemediaare.GeorgeBernardShawonceobservedthatnewspapersareunabletodistinguishbetweenabicycleaccidentandthecollapseofcivilization.Forus,leadershipshouldbethewillingnesstodistinguishbetweenwhat’smerelyinterestingandwhat’svitallyimportant.

Now,whensomeonesaysthatsomestoriesaremoreimportantthanothers,heorsheisoftenlabeledanelitist,someone,whojustdoesn'tunderstandwhat“realpeople’’careabout.Thisis,ofcourse,thefamiliardefensefortrashtelevisionandtrashtabloids.Andit'salsothereasongivenforreducingforeignnewscoverageaswellascoveragepoliticalcampaigns.Therearealotofpeopleinthebusinesswhosay“realpeoplewon’tcareunlessitbleedsorbums.Therearealotofdoctorsandmarketresearchersouttherewhoinsistthat"realpeople”don'tcaremuchwhathappensintherestoftheworld-theywantthewordsAmericanandtheUnitedStatesplasteredallovertheirnewslikeflagscrowdingacampaignplatform.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscansubstituteduckinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhatdidHarryTrumanmeanbysayingthat“ifMoseshadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverhaveleftEgypt?’’

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thetoneofthepassageis（）.

5.Accordingtothewriter,themediashould（）.

问题1选项

A.shoulder

B.assume

C.dodge

D.confront

问题2选项

A.MosesdidnotwanttoleaveEgypt,buthewasforcedto.

B.Mosesshouldhavetakenapublicopinionpollbeforehemadethedecision.

C.MosesleftEgyptbecausehedidnottakeapublicopinionpoll.

D.Anyonewhowantstodosomethinggreatshallactresolutely.

问题3选项

A.IntheU.S.,localnewshadawidercoveragethanforeignnews.

B.Localnewsismoreseriousthanforeignnews.

C.“Realpeople”favorforeignnewsoverlocalnews.

D.ForeignnewsisforbiddenintheU.S.

问题4选项

A.commanding

B.critical

C.ironical

D.appreciative

问题5选项

A.reportwhatthe"realpeople'like

B.basetheirdecisionsonthepublicopinion

C.havetheirownjudgmentinwhatistobebroadcast

D.learnfromthepoliticiansinmakingstrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义题。Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.利用民意调查、焦点小组和其他市场调查技术作为有限的信息工具是一回事，利用它们作为借口（）我们对公众的责任是另一回事。由借口可推测出是逃避对公众的责任。故C项正确。

2.语义题。HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.哈里•杜鲁门曾经说过，如果摩西•巴特过去做了民意调查，他就不会离开埃及。由此可知摩西巴特过去没做过民意调查，并且他已经离开了埃及。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第一段“Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.随着新闻变得越来越有竞争力,我们所有人——无论是在广播新闻或已出版的新闻(有些可能会认为这是正确的广播新闻,我也许不想辩论)——回落在尝试和真正的本地新闻公式。由此可知在美国，人们更关注当地新闻。故A项正确。

4.观点态度题。本文第二三四段所提到的内容都带有作者的评论。故本篇文章的口吻是评论性的。B项正确。

5.判断推理题。由第二段“Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?我认为，记者成为市场研究的奴隶——就像我们之前的政客一样——是最危险的。那些关于勇气、进取心和胆量的出版商、编辑和记者在哪里?那些凭良心、甚至凭嗅觉而不是凭民意来判断新闻的人在哪里？”可知作者认为记者应该有自己的判断力，而不是听信民意调查。故C项正确。

2.单选题

Thisistheseventhyear___thatthey’vewonthecup.

问题1选项

A.insubstance

B.insuccession

C.insuspension

D.insequence

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项insubstance“实质上；基本上；事实上”；B选项“接连地；连续地”；C选项insuspension“悬浮中”；D选项insequence“依次；逐一”。句意：这是他们___第七年获得冠军。本句表达“连续第七年”，因此B选项正确。

3.翻译题

PassageOne

AcapsulehotelisatypeofhotelinJapanwithalargenumberofextremelysmall“rooms”.

Theguestspaceisreducedinsizetoamodularplasticorfiberglassblockroughly2mby1mby1.25m,providingroomtosleep.Facilitiesrangeinentertainmentofferings(mostincludeatelevision,anelectronicconsole,andwirelessinternetconnection).

Thesecapsulesarestackedsidebysideandtwounitstoptobottom,withstepsprovidingaccesstothesecondlevelrooms.Luggageisstoredinalocker,usuallysomewhereoutsideofthehotel.Washroomsarecommunalandmosthotelsincluderestaurants(oratleastvendingmachines),pools,andotherentertainmentfacilities.Thebenefitofthesehotelsisconvenienceandprice,usuallyaround$21-42anight.

Manycapsulesareusedprimarilybymen.Others(especiallyonweekdays)areoftentooinebriatedtosafelytraveltotheirhomes,ortooembarrassedtofacetheirspouseswhentheyareunemployedorunderemployed.

PassageTwo

Youthisnotatimeoflife.Itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.

Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.

Yearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowtheheartandturnthespiritbacktodust.

Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing’sheartthelureofwonder,theunfailingchildlikeappetiteofwhat’snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheartthereisawirelessstation;solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,cheer,courageandpowerfrommenandfromtheinfinite,youandIwillremainyoung.

Whentheaerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyouaregrownold,evenat20,butaslongasyouraerialsareuptocatchwavesofoptimism,thereishopeyoumayhaveayoungheartat80.

【答案】PassageOne

【参考译文】

胶囊旅馆是日本一种有许多极小“房间”的旅馆。

客人用来睡觉的空间被缩小为大约2米×1米×1.25米的组合式的塑料或玻璃纤维间。设施包括娱乐设备（大多数包括电视、电子控制台和无线网连接）。

这些胶囊房间并排堆放，分上下两层，有台阶通往第二层。行李通常放在旅馆房间外的储物柜里。洗手间是公用的，大多数旅馆都有餐厅(或至少有自动售货机)、游泳池和其他娱乐设施。这些旅馆的好处是方便和低价，通常每晚大概21到42美元。

许多胶囊房间主要为男性使用。还有一些人(尤其是在工作日)常常是因为喝得太醉而无法安全回家，或者是因为没有工作或者只有部分时间被雇佣而羞于回家面对配偶。

PassageTwo

【参考译文】

青春不是人生的一个阶段。青春是一种心态；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝；青春是一种意志，是丰富的想象，是炽热的情感；青春是生命深泉的涌流。

青春意味着在性格上勇敢战胜懦弱；意味着对冒险的渴望超过对安逸的生活热爱。相较于20岁的青年，它更常见于80岁的老者。没有人仅仅因为岁月的流逝就变老，只是因放弃理想而老去。

岁月也许会使肌肤老去，但丧失激情，定会使灵魂枯萎。忧虑、惶恐、没有自信，会使心灵扭曲，意气如灰。

无论是60岁还是16岁，每个人的心中都有好奇，都有孩童般对未来的渴望，都有源自生活这场游戏的欢乐。在你我的心底，都有一根天线；只要你从天上人间接受美好、希望、欢乐、勇气和力量的信号，你我就青春永驻。

一旦天线倒塌，志气被玩世不恭的霜雪和悲观厌世的冰层覆盖，就算才20岁，你也老了；但只要你的天线保持捕捉乐观的信号，即使到了80岁，你也有希望拥有一颗年轻的心。

4.单选题

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

问题1选项

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介绍它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介绍

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介绍D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介绍它

【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，atthetime（在那时）为句子的时间状语从句，句意是“爱因斯坦的相对论在当时似乎难以置信”，空格处为定语从句修饰atthetime，引导词在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以从句主谓宾必须完整，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项缺少宾语it；

D项which应该改为atwhich。

【句意】当爱因斯坦第一次提出相对论时，他的理论似乎难以置信。

5.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Rationally,weknowthatreadingisthefoundationstoneofalleducation,andthereforeanessentialunderpinningoftheknowledgeeconomy.Soreadingis-orshouldbe—anaspectofpublicpolicy.Butperhapsevenmoresignificantisitsemotionalroleasthestartingpointforindividualvoyagesofpersonaldevelopmentandpleasure.Bookscanhelpcreateandreinforceoursenseofself.

Ifreadingweretodeclinesignificantly,itwouldchangetheverynatureofourspecies.Ifwe,inthefuture,arenolongerwiredforsolitaryreflectionandcreativethought,wewillbediminished.Technologythrowsupasmanysolutionsasitdoeschallenges:foreverydooritcloses,anotheropens.Sotheability,offeredbydeviceslikee-readers,smartphonesandtablets,tocarryanentirelibraryinyourhandisanamazingopportunity.

【答案】从理性角度来讲，我们知道阅读是一切教育的基石，因此是知识经济的基本支撑。所以阅读是——或者应当是——公共政策的一个方面。但也许更重要的是它作为个人发展和快乐之旅的起点的情感作用。书籍可以帮助创造和加强我们的自我意识。

如果阅读能力显著下降，人类的天性也会发生变化。如果我们将来不再被自我反思和创造性的思想所束缚，我们将会逐渐消失。技术提出的解决方案与挑战一样多：每关上一扇门，另一扇门就会打开。因此，由阅读器、智能手机和平板电脑等设备提供的功能，可以实现将整个图书馆放在手中的绝好机会。

6.单选题

Fordecades,armscontroltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentire,city.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

RespectedmilitaryhistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradiosanddry-cellbatterieswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.”

Nooneknowspreciselyhowmanysmallarmsandlightweaponsareincirculation,butexpertsestimatethatmilitary-stylefirearmsmaynumberabout500million.Inaddition,tensofmillionsofcivilian-typeriflesandpistolsareownedbyprivatecitizens.Whatismore,newweaponsareproducedandfedintothemarketeachyear:

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990’stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Hugesuppliesofgunspasslegallyfromnationtonation.AftertheColdWar,armiesinboththeEastandtheWestwerereduced,andgovernmentsgaveorsoldexcessequipmenttofriendsandallies.Accordingtoanestimatesince1995theUnitedStatesalonehasgivenawaymorethan800,000rifles,pistols,machineguns,andgrenadelaunchers.Itisreasonedthatgivingweaponsawayischeaperthandismantlingorstoringandguardingthem.

Theillegaltrade,however,maybemuchlarger.Black-marketweaponsusuallyhavetobepurchased.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughthundredsofmillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionastheyuseexchangetosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat____________.

2.Allofthefollowingarethereasonswhysmallarmshavebecomethechoiceinrecentwarsexcept____________.

3.WhydidUSgovernmentgiveawayalargenumberofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageisprobably____________.

问题1选项

A.smallarmscontrolisevenmoreimportantthannucleararms-control

B.itishardlysurprisingthatthenucleararms-controltalkshavenotreachedanagreement

C.nuclearweapons’powertokillpeoplehasbeenexaggerated

D.nuclearweaponsarenotaspowerfulassmallweapons

问题2选项

A.smallarmsarecheap

B.Smallarmsarepowerfulantipersonnelweapons

C.smallarmsareeasiertouse

D.smallarmsareeasiertoget

问题3选项

A.Becauseitwantstoarmtheirfriendsandallies.

B.Becauseitislessexpensivethankeepingthem.

C.Becauseitwantstosavetheresources.

D.Becauseitisbettertostoreandguardtheminothercountries.

问题4选项

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

问题5选项

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段对人们对于核武器与小型武器的重视程度和各自使用频率进行对比，第二段对比两种武器伤害的人的数量，可知这篇文章想要人们更重视小型武器，所以A选项“小型军备控制甚至比核军备控制更重要”正确，C选项“核武器杀伤力被夸大”和D选项“核武器不如小型武器强大”不是表达的重点，故错误。B选项“核军备控制谈判没有达成协议不足为奇”：文章没有涉及，故错误。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。A选项“小型武器很便宜”：根据第四段第四句Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain（小武器和轻武器很便宜。），所以便宜是小型武器运用在近年战争的原因，故A选项错误。B选项“小型武器杀伤性强”：根据第五段第一句Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一个原因是它们的是致命性。），故B选项错误。所以C选项“小型武器使用更容易”：Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它们也易于使用和维护。），故C选项错误。D选项“小型武器更容易买到”：根据第六段第一句Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.（全球枪支贩运很复杂。），可知小型武器不容易买，故正确。因此D选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第六段最后一句Itisreasonedthatgivingweaponsawayischeaperthandismantlingorstoringandguardingthem.（有理由认为，交出武器要比拆除、储存和看守它们便宜。），可知美国送出武器是因为经济原因，所以B选项“因为这比保留它们更便宜”正确，C选项“因为它想节约资源”和D选项“因为放在其他国家储存和保护更好。”不具体，故错误。A选项“因为它想武装自己的朋友和盟友。”文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.语义推测题。A选项“黑市上的小型武器并不贵”和B选项“用小武器交换钻石不公平”：根据第七段最后一句notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas（不是用钱，而是用从钻石矿区夺得的钻石），用钻石交换武器来说明在黑市小型武器很贵，没有提到公平与否，故错误。C选项“罪犯利用同一途径走私毒品和小型武器”和D选项“哪里有毒品，哪里就有小型武器”：Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionastheyuseexchangetosmugglegunsintheother.（犯罪组织利用走私毒品的途径走私枪支的现象并不罕见。），可知C选项正确，不代表毒品走私和小型武器走私一定连在一起，故D选项错误。因此C选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章在开头点出人们对小型武器的忽视，再点出小型武器在杀伤力、生产、保存、贩卖等各个方面带来的问题，可知这篇文章主要讲小型武器带来的问题，要人们重视小型武器，所以D选项“小型武器，重大问题”正确，B选项“对小型武器控制的忽视”和C选项“全球小型武器贩运”是其中的一方面，不能概括全文，故错误。A选项“小型武器谈判，而非核武器谈判”：文章没有重点讲谈判，故错误。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

TheForbiddenCityistheformerimperialpalaceinthecenterofBeijing,China.A.Constructionbeganin1406,andtheemperor’scourtofficiallymovedinby1420.TheForbiddenCitygotitsnamebecausemostpeoplewerebarredfromenteringthe72-hectaresite,surroundedbywalls.Evengovernmentofficialsandtheimperialfamilywerepermittedonlylimitedaccess.Onlytheemperorcouldenteranysectionatwill.

ThearchitectureoftheForbiddenCityconformsrigidlytotraditionalChineseprinciples.Allbuildingswithinthewallsfollowanorth-southline,andthemostimportantonesfacesouthtohonorthesun.Thedesignersarrangedtheotherbuildings,andtheceremonialspacesbetweenthem,toimpressallvisitorswiththegreatpoweroftheEmperor,whilereinforcingtheinsignificanceoftheindividual.Thisarchitecturalconceptwascarriedouttothesmallestdetail.Forexample,theimportanceofabuildingwasdeterminednotonlybyitsheightorwidthbutalsobythestyleofitsroofandthequantityofstatuettesplacedontheroof’sridges.

Inrecognitionoftheimportanceofitsunparalleledarchitecture,UNESCOaddedthepalacetoitsWorldHeritageListin1987.Today,visitorsfromallovertheworlddonotwaitforanimperialinvitationtowalkaboutthispalace,nowamuseumofimperialart.

OneofthemostimpressivelandmarksoftheForbiddenCityistheMeridianGate,theformalentrancetothesouthernsideoftheForbiddenCity.Thegate,withitsauxiliarywingsoneithersideoftheentryway,is38metershighatitsroofridge.Whenyoustandinfrontofthismajesticstructure,youunderstandhowawedpeoplefeltwhentheystoodtherelisteningtoimperialproclamations.

Asyouwalkthroughthegate,youcomeintoalargecourtyard,140meterslongand210meterswide.RunningthroughthecourtyardistheGoldenRiver,whichiscrossedbyfiveparallelwhitemarblebridges.ThesebridgesleadtotheGateofSupremeHarmony,which,inturn,leadstotheheartoftheForbiddenCity.Itsthreemainhallsstandatopathree-tieredmarbleterraceoverlookinganimmenseplaza.A.Theplazahasenoughspacetoholdtensofthousandsofsubjectspayinghomagetotheemperor.

AtthenorthernmostendoftheForbiddenCityistheImperialGarden,whichistotallydifferentfromtherestofthecompound.D.Insteadofrigidformality,youseeaseemingspontaneousarrangementoftrees,fishponds,flowerbeds,andsculpture.Hereistheplaceofrelaxationfortheemperor.

1.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat.

2.Fromthepassage,itisimpliedthatthemainentranceareatotheForbiddenCityis.

3.Whichphraseisclosestinmeaningtotheword“proclamations”inparagraph4?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothebridgesovertheGoldenRiverleadto?

问题1选项

A.Chinesearchitectsborrowedideasfrommanydifferentcountries

B.thedesignoftheForbiddenCityisdullandcolorless

C.thearchitectureoftheForbiddenCityexemplifiestraditionalChinesevalues

D.thegardenoftheForbiddenCitywaslaidoutinastrict,rectangularpattern

问题2选项

A.surroundedbythreetallwalls

B.paintedgoldandgreen

C.decoratedwithstatuettes

D.notveryimpressive

问题3选项

A.Musiccomposedforpublicceremonies

B.Speechesencouragingsoldierstofight

C.Officialpublicannouncements

D.Poetrywrittenfortheemperor

问题4选项

A.TheMeridiangate

B.TheGateofSupremeHarmony

C.ThecenterofBeijing

D.TheImperialGardens

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到紫禁城的建筑严格遵循中国的传统原则（ThearchitectureoftheForbiddenCityconformsrigidlytotraditionalChineseprinciples），由此可知选项C“紫禁城的建筑体现了中国传统的价值观”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句话提到紫禁城得名于大多数人被禁止进入这个区域，周围有围墙（TheForbiddenCitygotitsnamebecausemostpeoplewerebarredfromenteringthe72-hectaresite,surroundedbywalls），由此可知进入紫禁城的入口是被高墙围住，因此选项A符合题意。

3.判断推理题。文章第四段最后一句话提到当你站在这座雄伟的建筑前，你就能理解人们站在那里聆听帝王宣言的敬畏之情（Whenyoustandinfrontofthismajesticstructure,youunderstandhowawedpeoplefeltwhentheystoodtherelisteningtoimperialproclamations），由此可知选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第五段第三句ThesebridgesleadtotheGateofSupremeHarmony可知选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

问题1选项

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

问题2选项

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

问题3选项

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

问题4选项

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Alittlemorethanacenturyago,MichaelFaraday,thenotedBritishphysicist,managedtogainaudiencewithagroupofhighgovernmentofficials,todemonstrateanelectrochemicalprinciple,inthehopeofgainingsupportforhiswork.

Afterobservingthedemonstrationclosely,oneoftheofficialsremarkedbluntly“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?”

“Idon’tknow,”repliedFaraday,“butIdoknowthat100yearsfromnowyou’llbetaxingthem”.

Fromthedemonstrationofaprincipletothemarketingofproductsderivedfromthatprincipleisoftenalong,involvedseriesofsteps.Thespeedandeffectivenesswithwhichthesestepsaretakenarecloselyrelatedtothehistoryofmanagement,theartofgettingthingsdone.JustasmanagementappliestothewondersthathaveevolvedfromFaradayandotherinventors,soitappliedsome4,000yearsagototheworkingsofthegreatEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms,toHannibal’sremarkablefeatofcrossingtheAlpsin218B.C,with90,000footsoldiers,12,000horsemenanda“conveyorbelt”of40elephantsortotheearlyChristianChurch,withitsworld-shakingconceptsofindividualfreedomandequality.

Theseancientinnovatorsweredeeplyinvolvedintheproblemsofauthority,divisionoflabor,discipline,unityofcommand,clarityofdirectionandtheotherbasicfactorsthataresomeaningfultomanagementtoday.ButtherealimpetustomanagementasanemerginprofessionwastheIndustrialRevolution.Originatingin18th-centuryEngland,itwastriggeredbyaseriesofclassicinventionsandnewprocesses;amongthemJohnKay’sFlyingShuttlein1733,JamesHargreaves’SpinningJennyin1770,SamuelCrompton’sMuleSpinnerin1779andEdmundCartwright’sPowerLoomin1785.

1.TheanecdoteaboutMichaelFaradayindicatesthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,managementisdefinedas

（

）.

3.Inthepassagewecanseethatmanagementcameintoitsown（

）.

问题1选项

A.politicianstaxeverything

B.peopleareskepticalaboutthevalueofpureresearch

C.taxesareuppermostinscientists’minds

D.hewasrejectedbyhisgovernment

问题2选项

A.accomplishingwonders

B.thecreatoroftheIndustrialRevolution

C.theartofgettingthingsdone

D.supervisingsubordinates

问题3选项

A.intheEgyptianandMesopotamianimportandexportfirms

B.inthedevelopmentoftheearlyChristianChurch

C.atthetimeofMichaelFaraday

D.intheeighteenthcentury

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第二段中“It’safascinatingdemonstration,youngman,butjustwhatpracticalapplicationwillcomeofthis?年轻人，这是一个令人着迷的演示，但它究竟会产生什么实际应用呢？”可知B项“人们对纯研究的价值持怀疑态度”正确。

2.判断推理题。定位第四段中“Thes