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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theapartmentwas()as$50,000anditsownerdecidedtosellit.

问题1选项

A.automated

B.assessed

C.asserted

D.avenged

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项automate“使自动化”,B项assess“评定,估价”,C项assert“坚持,断言”,D项avenge“报复,报仇”。句意:这套公寓的估价为5万美元,房主决定卖掉它。根据句意,该题选B正确。

2.单选题

Shecontrivedtogetaglimpseofthelightoftruthhereandthere,andhopedthat()raymightsufficetoguideher.

问题1选项

A.scant

B.scarce

C.meager

D.sparse

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项scant“不足的,缺乏的”,强调的是勉强足够的;B选项scarce“缺乏的,稀有的”,强调的是“稀缺、珍贵”;C选项meager“贫乏的”,多指收入微薄;D选项sparse“稀疏的,稀少的”,强调人烟稀少,资源匮乏。句意:她设法在各处瞥见一点真理的光芒,希望那微弱的光芒足以引导她。这里强调的是勉强足够的,所以选项A更符合语境。

3.单选题

Earlyinthe1900s,theuseoftruckstohandcommercial(

)developedalmostsimultaneouslywiththefirstwidespreaduseoftheautomobile.

问题1选项

A.vehicles

B.equipment

C.workers

D.merchandise

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。vehicle意为“车辆”;equipment意为“设备,装备”;worker意为“工人,员工”;merchandise意为“商品,货品”。

句意:20世纪初,运送商品的卡车基本上是和广泛使用的汽车一同发展的。

4.翻译题

为了保证刑法的正确实施,惩罚犯罪,保护人民,保障国家安全和社会公共安全,维护社会主义社会秩序,根据宪法,制定中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法。本法的任务是:保证准确、及时地查明犯罪事实,正确运用法律,惩罚犯罪分子,保证无罪的人不受刑事追究,教育公民自觉遵守法律,积极同犯罪分子做斗争,以维护社会主义法制,保护公民的人身权利、财产权利和其他权利,保证社会主义事业的顺利进行。

【答案】参考译文:

TheCriminalProcedureLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaisenactedinaccordancewiththeConstitutionandforthepurposeofensuringcorrectenforcementoftheCriminalLaw,punishingcrimes,protectingthepeople,safeguardingStateandpublicsecurityandmaintainingsocialistpublicorder.TheaimofthisLawis:toensureaccurateandtimelyascertainmentoffactsaboutcrimes,correctapplicationoflaw,punishmentofcriminalsandprotectionoftheinnocentagainstbeinginvestigatedforcriminalresponsibility;toenhancethecitizens’awarenessoftheneedtoabidebylawandtofightvigorouslyagainstcriminalactsinordertosafeguardthesocialistlegalsystem;toprotectthecitizens'personalrights,theirpropertyrights,democraticrightsandotherrights;andtoguaranteesmoothprogressofthecauseofsocialistdevelopment.

5.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.He’slosthisnotebook.

B.Hishandwritingismessy.

C.He’llmissclasslaterthisweek.

D.Hecannotmakeitforhisappointment.

【答案】C

【解析】M:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor’sappointment.AndIneedtoborrowsomeone’snotes.

W:Well,youcancertainlyborrowmine,ifyoudon’tmindmymessyhandwriting.

Q:Whatistheman’sproblem?

【解析】男士说:IneedtobeabsentfromclassonFridaymorningbecauseIhaveadoctor'sappointment(周五我得翘课,因为我约了病诊)。

6.单选题

Researchershavestudiedthepoorasindividuals,asfamiliesandhouseholds,asmembersofpoorcommunities,neighborhoodsandregions,asproductsoflargerpovertycreatingstructures.Theyhavebeenanalyzedasvictimsofcrimeandcriminals,asmembersofminoritycultures,aspassiveconsumersofmasscultureandactiveproducersofa“counterculture”,asparticipantsintheinformaleconomy,asinventionsofsurvivalstrategies,asaneconomicburdenandasareservearmyoflabor—tomentionjustsomeofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch.

Theelites,whooccupythesmallupperstratumwithinthecategoryofthenon-poor,andtheirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpovertyareasinterestingandimportantanobjectforpovertyresearchasthepoorthemselves.Theeliteshaveimagesofthepoorandofpovertywhichshapetheirdecisionsandactions.Sofar,littleisknownaboutthoseimages,exceptastheyaresketchilyportrayedinpopularstereotypes.Theelitesmaywellignoreordenytheexternaleffectsoftheirownactions(andomissions)uponthelivingconditionsofthepoor.Manysocialscientistsmaytakeaverydifferentview.Aspovertyemergedandwasreproduced,legalframeworkswerecreatedtocontaintheproblemsitcausedwithprofound,andlargelyunknown,consequencesforthepoorthemselves.Ingeneral,political,educationalandsocialinstitutionstendtoignoreorevendamagetheinterestsofthepoor.Inconstructingaphysicalinfrastructurefortransport,industry,tradeandtourism,thesettlementsofthepoorareoftenthefirsttosufferortobeleftstandingandexposedtopollution,noiseandcrowding.

Mostimportantaretheeconomicfunctionsofpoverty,as,forlackofotheroptionsthepoorareforcedtoperformactivitiesconsidereddegradingorunclean.Thepooraremorelikelytobuysecond-handgoodsandleftoverfoodstuffs,thusprolongingtheireconomicutility.Theyarelikelytousetheservicesoflow-qualitydoctors,teachersandlawyerswhomthenon-poorshyawayfrom.Povertyandthepoorserveanimportantsymbolicfunction,inremindingcitizensofthelotthatmaybefallthosewhodonotheedthevaluesofthrift,diligenceandcleanliness,andoftheconstantthreatthattherough,theimmoralandtheviolentrepresentfortherestofsociety.

Physically,thepoorandthenon-poorarekeptapart,throughdifferentiallanduseandghettoization.Socially,theyareseparatedthroughdifferentialparticipationinthelabormarket,theconsumptioneconomy,andinpolitical,socialandculturalinstitutions.Conceptually,theyaredividedthroughstereotypingandmediacliché.Thisseparationisevenmorepronouncedbetweentheelitesandthepoor.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearchbecause____.

2.Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,____.

3.Intheeyesofthesociety,____.

4.Theword“pronounced”inthelastsentenceofthepassageprobablymeans____.

5.Inthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith____.

问题1选项

A.theyarealsomembersofthesamesocietyasthepoor

B.theyplayanimportantroleincreatingandreproducingpoverty

C.solutionofthepovertyproblemisattheirmercy

D.theyknowthelivingconditionsofthepoorbetterthanothergroups

问题2选项

A.notenoughlegalframeworkshavebeencreatedtorelievetheconditionofthepoor

B.theyhavedonelittletoactuallyprovidereliefprogramsforthepoor

C.theyignoretheroleoftheelitesasanobjectforpovertyresearch

D.thepoorpeoplethemselvesdonotmuchappreciatesucheffort

问题3选项

A.thepoortendtosymbolizewhatlazyandevilpeopleturnouttobe

B.thepoorarenotworthyofthesympathythesocietyshowsthem

C.economicprejudiceismoreofanobstacletothesolutionofpoverty

D.thenon-poorshouldshowmoresympathyforthepoor

问题4选项

A.sympathetic

B.conspicuous

C.identifiable

D.unbridgeable

问题5选项

A.analyzingaproblem

B.providingasolution

C.definingasituation

D.outliningaproposal

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Accordingtotheauthor,studyingtheelitesalsoshedslightonpovertyresearchbecause____.根据作者的说法,研究精英阶层也有助于贫困研究,因为____。

A.theyarealsomembersofthesamesocietyasthepoorA.他们和穷人是同一个社会的成员

B.theyplayanimportantroleincreatingandreproducingpovertyB.他们在制造和再造贫穷方面发挥着重要作用

C.solutionofthepovertyproblemisattheirmercyC.贫困问题的解决取决于他们

D.theyknowthelivingconditionsofthepoorbetterthanothergroupsD.他们比其他群体更了解穷人的生活条件

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词theelites和povertyresearch定位到原文第二段第一句,该句提到“精英阶层在贫困产生和再生中的作用(theirfunctionsintheemergenceandreproductionofpoverty),与穷人本身一样,都是贫困研究中有趣而重要的研究对象(anobjectforpovertyresearch)。”由此可知,研究精英阶层也有助于贫困研究,是因为他们在贫困产生和再生中的作用是贫困研究的研究对象。因此,B选项“他们在制造和再造贫穷方面发挥着重要作用”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们和穷人是同一个社会的成员”,原文并未提及,且与题干无关,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“贫困问题的解决取决于他们”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“他们比其他群体更了解穷人的生活条件”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Whilesocialscientistsaredevotingmuchoftheirefforttopovertyresearch,____.虽然社会科学家们正致力于贫困研究,但是____。

A.notenoughlegalframeworkshavebeencreatedtorelievetheconditionofthepoorA.没有建立足够的法律框架来缓解穷人的状况

B.theyhavedonelittletoactuallyprovidereliefprogramsforthepoorB.他们几乎没有为穷人提供实际的救济项目

C.theyignoretheroleoftheelitesasanobjectforpovertyresearchC.他们忽视了精英阶层作为贫困研究对象的作用

D.thepoorpeoplethemselvesdonotmuchappreciatesucheffortD.穷人自己并不怎么感激这种努力

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词povertyresearch定位到原文第一、二段。原文第一段介绍了“贫困研究的一些关注点(someofthepreoccupationsofpovertyresearch)”;第二段第一句提到“精英阶层(Theelites)在贫困产生和再生产中的作用,是贫困研究的研究对象(anobjectforpovertyresearch)”;第二句提到“精英们对穷人和贫困的印象(imagesofthepoorandofpoverty)影响了他们的决策和行动”;第三句提到“到目前为止,人们对这些形象知之甚少(littleisknownaboutthoseimages)”。综上所述,关于“精英们对穷人和贫困的印象”,社会科学家们了解得很少,那么关于“这些印象对精英们决策和行动的影响作用”的研究也很少,即社会科学家们很少研究精英阶层在贫困产生和再生产中的作用。因此,C选项“他们忽视了精英阶层作为贫困研究对象的作用”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“没有建立足够的法律框架来缓解穷人的状况”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“他们几乎没有为穷人提供实际的救济项目”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“穷人自己并不怎么感激这种努力”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第3题:【选项释义】

Intheeyesofthesociety,____.在社会的眼中,____。

A.thepoortendtosymbolizewhatlazyandevilpeopleturnouttobeA.穷人往往代表着懒惰和邪恶的人

B.thepoorarenotworthyofthesympathythesocietyshowsthemB.穷人不值得社会对他们的同情

C.economicprejudiceismoreofanobstacletothesolutionofpovertyC.经济偏见更多的是解决贫困问题的障碍

D.thenon-poorshouldshowmoresympathyforthepoorD.非穷人应该对穷人表示更多的同情

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thesociety定位到原文第三段。本段最后一句提到“贫穷和穷人发挥着重要的象征作用,它提醒公民,如果不遵守(donotheed)节俭、勤奋和爱干净的(thrift,diligenceandcleanliness)价值观,将会遭遇厄运,并提醒他们粗鲁、不道德和暴力(therough,theimmoralandtheviolent)对社会构成的持续威胁。”由此可知,在社会的眼中,穷人的形象是“不节俭、不勤奋、不爱干净、粗鲁、不道德、暴力”,因此,A选项“穷人往往代表着懒惰和邪恶的人”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“穷人不值得社会对他们的同情”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

C选项“经济偏见更多的是解决贫困问题的障碍”。原文虽然提到了穷人被迫从事一些有辱人格或不干净的工作,也只能享受得起质量不高的服务,但是,原文并没有说,在社会看来,这是解决贫困问题的障碍,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“非穷人应该对穷人表示更多的同情”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

Theword“pronounced”inthelastsentenceofthepassageprobablymeans____.文章最后一句中的“pronounced”可能是____的意思。

A.sympatheticA.同情的

B.conspicuousB.出色的

C.identifiableC.可辨认的

D.unbridgeableD.无法弥合的

【答案】C

【考查点】词汇推测题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词pronounced和thelastsentence定位到原文最后一句,该句提到“在精英和穷人之间,这种分离更为____。”由此可知,pronounced修饰的是“分离”。前文讲的是穷人和非穷人在物理、社会以及概念上的分离,而定位句讲的是精英与穷人之间的分离,根据常识,这种分离应该是更明显的。另外,pronounced的本意是“明显的”,因此,C选项“可辨认的”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】A选项“同情的”、B选项“出色的”、D选项“无法弥合的”,不符合原文语义衔接。

第5题:【选项释义】

Inthepassage,theauthorismainlyconcernedwith____.在本文中,作者主要关注的是____。

A.analyzingaproblemA.分析问题

B.providingasolutionB.提供解决办法

C.definingasituationC.明确一个状况

D.outliningaproposalD.概述一项提议

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】原文第一段主要内容,研究人员对穷人进行了研究并列出了贫困研究的一些关注点;第二段主要内容,精英阶层在贫困产生和再生中的作用也是贫困研究的研究对象,但是精英们很可能会忽视或否认他们自己的行为(和疏漏)对穷人生活条件的外部影响,接着介绍了一些不好的影响;第三段主要内容,贫穷的经济功能;第四段的主要内容,穷人与非穷人(以及精英)之间的分离。综上所述,本文主要围绕贫困研究的研究对象之一精英阶层在贫困产生和再生中的作用展开,着重介绍了精英们的行为的影响下,穷人及贫困的现状。因此,C选项“明确一个状况”更符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“分析问题”,虽然说原文“明确精英们的行为的影响下,穷人及贫困的现状”也算是在分析贫困问题,但是C选项“明确一个状况”表述更准确,作者主要关注的是贫困问题研究中的这一个现状。如果说作者主要关注的是分析问题的话,就会详细分析这个问题的原因、解决办法等,而原文并没有这么做,该选项属于推理过度。

B选项“提供解决办法”,原文并未提出任何解决办法,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“概述一项提议”,原文并未提出任何提议,该选项属于无中生有。

7.单选题

Afarmermustlearnthekindsofcropsbest()thesoilsonhisfarm.

问题1选项

A.accustomedto

B.committedto

C.appliedto

D.suitedto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项accustomto“习惯于”,B项committo“把……投入,交付”,C项applyto“适用于,应用于”,D项suitto“适合于”。句意:农民必须了解最适合他农场土壤的作物种类。四个选项中,只有suitto最合适;因此,该题D项正确。

8.单选题

Theelectricshaver()beforeitcanbeused.

问题1选项

A.needsrepairing

B.shouldbeinrepair

C.hastoberepairable

D.mustrepair

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。electricshaver和repair是被动的关系,电动刮胡刀只能被修。A选项need做实义动词时,主语若是物,动词则要用动名词或不定式的被动形式作宾语,故A选项正确。B、C、D选项均没有被动意义。句意:电动剃须刀需要修理才能使用。因此,本题的正确答案是A选项。

9.单选题

FortheGreeks,beautywasavirtue:akindofexcellence.Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall—lamely,enviously—wholepersons.IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson’s“inside”and“outside,”theystillexpectedthatinnerbeautywouldbematchedbybeautyoftheoilierkind.Thewell-bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductive—andsougly.OneofSocrates’mainpedagogicalactswastobeugly—andteachthoseinnocent,nodoubtsplendid-lookingdisciplesofhishowfullofparadoxeslifereallywas.

TheymayhaveresistedSocrates’lesson.Wedonot.Severalthousandyearslater,wearemorewaryoftheenchantmentsofbeauty,wenotonlysplitoff-withthegreatestfacility-the“inside”(character,intellect)fromthe“outside’’(looks);butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent,talented,good.

ItwasprincipallytheinfluenceofChristianitythatdeprivedbeautyofthecentralplaceithadinclassicalidealshumanexcellence.Bylimitingexcellence(virtusinLatin)tomoralvirtueonly,Christianitysetbeautyadrift—asanalienated,arbitrary,superficialenchantment.Andbeautyhascontinuedtoloseprestige.Forclosetotwocenturiesithasbecomeaconventiontoattributebeautytoonlyoneofthetwosexes:thesexwhich,howeverfair,isalwayssecond.Associatingbeautywithwomenhasputbeautyevenfurtheronthedefensive,morally.

Anumberwomen,wesayinEnglish,butahandsomeman.“Handsome”isthemasculineequivalentof—andrefusalof—acomplimentwhichhasaccumulatedcertaindemeaningovertones,bybeingreservedforwomenonly.Thatonecanallaman“beautiful”inFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries—unlikethosecountriesshapedbytheProtestantversionofChristianity—stillremainsomevestigesofthepaganadmirationforbeauty.Butthedifference,ifoneexists,isofdegreeonly.IneverymoderncountrythatisChristianorpost-Christian,womenarethebeautifulsex-tothedetrimentofthenotionofbeautyaswellasofwomen.

1.Theauthormeansby“wholepersons”inPara1(

).

2.WhydoestheauthorspeculatethatSocrates’disciplesmayhaveresistedhislessons?

3.Theauthordoesnotthinkofitasa(n)

tocallwomenthebeautifulsex.

4.Howdopeoplereacttodaywhentheymeetsomewomanwhoenjoysbothbeautyandintelligence?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTlineaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.personsofbeauty

B.personsofvirtue

C.personsofexcellence

D.noneoftheabove

问题2选项

A.BecauseSocrateswasugly.

B.BecauseSocratestaughtthemtobecritical.

C.Becausetheyhadadifferentexpectation.

D.Becausetheywereinnocent.

问题3选项

A.compliment

B.insult

C.abuse

D.humiliation

问题4选项

A.Theyfeelthisissurprisingtothem.

B.Theyfeeljealousofthewoman.

C.Theyfeelthisispitifulforthewoman.

D.Theyfeelthisisquitenatural

问题5选项

A.Christianitydrawsadistinctionbetweenbeautyandexcellence.

B.PeoplehaslosttheiradmirationforbeautythroughoutChristiansociety.

C.“Handsome”istheequivalentof“beautiful”inmeaning.

D.Womenarethoughttobeinferior.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“在第一段中,作者提及的wholepersons指代……”。文章第一段第二三句提到“那时候的人被认为是我们现在所说的跛脚的、爱嫉妒的—完整的人。如果希腊人真能区分一个人的‘内在美’和‘外在美’……”(Personsthenwereassumedtobewhatwenowhavetocall—lamely,enviously—wholepersons.IfitdidoccurtotheGreekstodistinguishbetweenaperson’s“inside”and“outside”…),由此可以看出,“完整的人”指代既有内在美又有外在美的人,选项D符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者猜测为什么苏格拉底的弟子们拒绝其教学”。文章第一段提到“聚集在苏格拉底周围的那些出身良好的雅典青年发现了这样一种矛盾的情景:他们如此聪慧、勇敢、受人尊重、有魅力,但容貌却如此丑陋”(Thewell-bornyoungAthenianswhogatheredaroundSocratesfounditquiteparadoxicalthattheirherowassointelligent,sobrave,sohonorable,soseductive—andsougly)。苏格拉底弟子们预想的真正的“完人”应该是内外皆美的,与苏格拉底教学的“主要行为之一就是丑陋”矛盾,由此可以看出他的弟子与其期望不同,选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为称呼女性美丽的性别是一种……”。文章第四段提到“美丽由于只用于女性,已经带上了某种蔑视的含义”(acomplimentwhichhasaccumulatedcertaindemeaningovertones,bybeingreservedforwomenonly),所以选项A“恭维”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“今天的人们遇上一个美貌与智慧并存的女性时的反应是……”。文章第二段提到“但是我们为一个美丽、智慧、有天分并且善良的人感到吃惊”(butweareactuallysurprisedwhensomeonewhoisbeautifulisalsointelligent,talented,good),选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述,下列说法不正确的是……”。文章最后一段提到“一个人在法国和意大利语中都可以被称为‘美丽的’,这表明天主教国家不想那些被新教版本的基督教所塑造的国家仍然保持着异教徒对美丽的崇拜的痕迹”(Thatonecanallaman“beautiful”inFrenchandinItaliansuggeststhatCatholiccountries—unlikethosecountriesshapedbytheProtestantversionofChristianity—stillremainsomevestigesofthepaganadmirationforbeauty),选项B“整个基督教社会已经不再崇拜美丽”与原文不符,所以符合题意。

10.单选题

Brusselswarnedthatactionisneededtoavoidtherisksof()effectsontheFrencheconomy,inviewofthecountry’scurrenteconomicdifficultiesanditsexcessivedeficit.

问题1选项

A.vulgar

B.spiral

C.divine

D.adverse

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vulgar表示“粗俗的,通俗的”;B选项spiral表示“盘旋的,螺旋的”;C选项divine表示“神圣的,非凡的”;D选项adverse表示“不利的,相反的,敌对的”。由后文中的“thecountry’scurrenteconomicdifficultiesanditsexcessivedeficit”可知,目前法国的经济状况已经不佳,所以法案的提出需要避免对法国经济产生不利影响。因此,本题正确答案为D选项。

11.单选题

Ithinkshehurtmyfeelings()ratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.

问题1选项

A.virtually

B.literally

C.appropriately

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】根据下半句“ratherthanbyaccident..”可推测,“我认为她是故意伤害我的感情而不是她声称的偶然伤害”。所以选项D符合语境。

12.单选题

Iseemtohavereachedarathergloomyconclusion,butIthinkthatsomethingcheerfulmaystillbe______fromit.

问题1选项

A.derived

B.extracted

C.abstracted

D.adapted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项derive“源自,获得”,B项extract“提取,抽取”,C项abstract“摘要,抽象化”,D项adapt“适应”。根据关键词conclusion“结论”可知,空格部分对应“获得”更符合语境。句意:我似乎得出了一个相当悲观的结论,但我认为仍可能从中得到一些令人高兴的东西。因此,该题选择A项正确。

13.翻译题

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示,尽管烟雾弥漫,但基于“软环境”,北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围,中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选,但在过去的三年里,越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市,甚至更小的城市工作。

14.单选题

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookedatthegraphs,andsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat,”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid,“butwhatdoyouthink?Isitworthwhilegoingon?Whatdoyouthinkwemightexpect?”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.

Whatthisamountsto,ofcourse,isthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimself,buthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Nor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”

1.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat().

2.Theauthorassertsthatscientists().

3.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists().

4.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch().

问题1选项

A.inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments

B.scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchersareconducted

C.scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch

D.unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch

问题2选项

A.shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought

B.shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings

C.shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals

D.shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings

问题3选项

A.haveakeeninterestin

B.oftenspeculateonthefutureprediction

C.thinkhighlyofcreativethinking

D.stickto“scientificmethod”

问题4选项

A.maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected

B.canbemeasuredindollarsandcents

C.relyonconformitytoastandardpattern

D.aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagement

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段,“Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.”,可知在实践中,科学与其说依赖于它所准备的实验,不如说依赖于人对实验的思考。下文就用牛顿发现地心引力的例子证明了这一观点。可判断出作者想用艾萨克•牛顿的例子来证明求知的思维比科学实验更重要。选项A符合题意。

2.作者态度题。根据文章第二段,“Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.”,可知不可预测性是研究的本质之一。如果你没有不可预测的东西,你就没有研究。可判断出作者坚信科学家不应忽视对不可预测的事情进行推测。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.”,可知在与一些科学家,尤其是年轻的科学家交谈时,你可能会得到这样的印象:他们发现科学方法可以代替富有想象力的思维。可判断出一些年轻的科学家似乎会坚持使用科学方法而不是富有想象力的思维。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段,“Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicate,thenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.”,可知如果实验是像科学杂志上的报告所表明的那样,如实地按照计划进行规划和实施,那么管理层期望研究能产生相应的利益是完全合乎逻辑的。但是有时候科学实验的结果不会验证预测,并不像期望中的那么有利可图。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Onlynative-borncitizensare()fortheU.S.Presidency.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.legitimate

D.liable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“有资格的”;B选项elegant“优雅的”;C选项legitimate“合法的;合理的”;D选项liable“有责任的”。句意:只有本国出生的公民才……成为美国总统。成为美国总统的前提条件是Onlynative-borncitizens“只有本国出生的公民”,意味着非美国出生的公民是没资格任职。因此A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

Shedidherwork(

)hermanagerhadinstructed.

问题1选项

A.until

B.when

C.as

D.though

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她照经理说的做自己的工作。

连词辨析。As按照,如同,引导方式状语,符合句意。until直到,引导时间状语从句;when当…时候,引导时间状语从句;though即使,引导让步状语从句。

17.单选题

“GangnamStyle”,the(

)popularsongfromSouthKoreanrecordingartistPSYhasjustbecomethemostwatchedvideoonYouTubeever.

问题1选项

A.sanely

B.insanely

C.rationally

D.insatiably

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sanely“稳健地,理智地”;insanely“疯狂地,精神错乱地”;rationally“理性地,讲道理地”;insatiably“贪得无厌地,无法满足地”。句意:韩国唱片艺人PSY的疯狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了观看次数最多的视频。因此B选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Mostcellsaretransparent—inotherwords,theyarenotverygoodatreflectingorabsorbinglight.Tolookatthemunderamicroscopethusrequirestrickery.Manyofthesetrickskillthecells,andeventhosethatkeepthemalivelookonlyatslicesthrougheachcell,ratherthanseeingthewholethinginthreedimensions.MichaelFeld,oftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhiscolleagues,thinktheycanchangethat.Theyhaveinventedawaytolookatcellsthatarestillalive.Moreover,theycandosointhreedimensions.Theirmethodiscalledtomographicphasemicroscopy,anditisreportedinthisweek’sNatureMethods.Insteadofrelyingonabsorbedorreflectedlight,Dr.Feld’stechniquecelebratestransparencybylookingatlightthatgetsthroughunaltered.Itdoessobymeasuringapropertycalledtherefractiveindex.

Thisindexmeasuresthespeedoflightinamaterial.(Lightzipsalongattheactual“speedoflight”,fasterthanwhichnothingcango,onlywhenitistravellingthroughavacuum.)Thedifferentcomponentsofacell,thoughtransparent,havedifferentrefractiveindices.Dr.Feldandhisteamthereforesetouttomapwhatthesedifferencesare,withaviewtousingthemtodistinguishbetweencellularcomponents.

Tomeasuretherefractiveindicesofdifferentpartsofacelltheyuseatechniquecalledinterferometry,whichinvolvessplittingabeamoflightintwo.Onehalf,knownastheobjectbeam,passesthroughthecell;theotherisdirectedalongadifferentpathandactasareference.Thelengthofthereferencepathissuchthatifnosampleispresent,thetwodaughterbeamswillbeasperfectlyinphasewhentheymeetastheywerewhentheywereseparated.Thecrestsandthetroughsoftheirwaveswillreinforceeachother,andtheresultwillbebrightness.Themorethatthelightpassingthroughthesampleissloweddown,however,themorethetwobeamswillbeoutofphase.Crestwillfallontrough,andtheresultwillbedarkness.ItisthisphaseshiftthatgivesDr.Feld’snewformofmicroscopyitsname.

Asinglepairofbeamsdoesnot,however,produceausefulimage.Todothatrequiresscanningtheobjectbeamthroughthetargetaboutahundreddifferentways.Fromtherefractiveindexofeachpathitispossible—withtheapplicationofsomesuitablycrunchycomputingpower—toproduceathree-dimensionalimage.

Totesthisidea,Dr.Feldlookedatcervical-cancercells.Ifyouidentifythiscancerearly,thepatientwillprobablysurvive.Missit,andhe/shewilldie.Dr.Feldwonderedifthechangesthatoccurduringcancerwouldshowupusinghisnewmethod.Theydid,inapartofthecellcalledthenucleolus.Thisistheplacewherethecomponentsofproteinfactoriesaremade.Sincecancercellsgrowrapidly,andthushaveahighdemandforproteins,itwasalikelyplacetoexpectchanges.

Dr.Feldalsohasplanstousebeamsofdiff

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