考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1_第1页
考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1_第2页
考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1_第3页
考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1_第4页
考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩401页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-九江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thedoctorhasdifficulty______thisinfection.

问题1选项

A.fortreading

B.totreat

C.intreating

D.beingtreating

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:医生在治疗这个感染病上遇到困难。做某事遇到困难用sb.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.,所以C选项intreating符合题意,故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,()maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis().

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill().

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat().

问题1选项

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

问题2选项

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

问题3选项

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

问题4选项

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

问题5选项

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家,哪类人受益于经济的发展?”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy),因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“这篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各种各样的人都在新经济中蓬勃发展,有足够的证据表明大多数人仍然想要获得发财机会”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring),由此可知“不一定对穷人有害”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个表述是正确的?”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了……”(Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly),选项B“非技术人员倾向贫穷”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为收入差距将……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“收入差距是驱动经济引擎的汽油”(Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine),因此它不可能消失,所以选项C“一直存在”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么?”文章最后一段第一句提到变得富有并不是每个人的最终目标(Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich),因此选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

To()istosaveandprotect,toleavewhatweourselvesenjoyinsuchgoodconditionthatothersmayalsosharetheenjoyment.

问题1选项

A.conserve

B.conceive

C.convert

D.contrive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存,保护”;B选项conceive“构思,设想”;C选项convert“转变”;D选项contrive“谋划”。句意:保护就是保存和保护,把我们自己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下,别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Itmaybeworthwhileatthismomentto()andseewhatprogresswehavemadeafteroneyear’sstudyincollege.

问题1选项

A.lookinto

B.lookaround

C.lookover

D.lookback

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Lookinto“调查,研究”;lookaround“环顾”;lookover“查看”;lookback“回顾”。句意:现在回顾一下我们在大学的一年学习中所取得的进步是值得的。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Theapartmenthasbeen(

)sineSmith'smovedout.

问题1选项

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虚的,空缺的,空闲的;versatile多才多艺的,万能的;vacuum真空的;vain徒劳的,自负的。句意:自从Smith搬出去后,那套公寓一直空着。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep(31)ofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleaders(32)theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicy(33).

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar(34)linewiththepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic(35).Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychooseto(36)orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,whengovernment(37)acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it(38)alossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid(39)attentiontopollsthathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasa(40)forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

问题1选项

A.trace

B.trade

C.track

D.trap

问题2选项

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.in

问题3选项

A.determination

B.conclusion

C.decision

D.choice

问题4选项

A.from

B.by

C.at

D.about

问题5选项

A.admission

B.support

C.disagreement

D.reaction

问题6选项

A.dispute

B.disregard

C.disrespect

D.disrupt

问题7选项

A.continues

B.carrieson

C.embarks

D.pursues

问题8选项

A.risks

B.costs

C.makes

D.endangers

问题9选项

A.efficiency

B.effective

C.sufficient

D.scarce

问题10选项

A.replacement

B.substitute

C.change

D.diversity

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

【解析】31、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查名词与词组辨析。A选项keeptraceof“保留痕迹,跟踪”;B选项trade“贸易”;C选项keeptrackof“记录;与……保持联系,明了”;D选项trap“陷阱,圈套”。由空格后“whatthepeoplearethinking”(人民的想法)可知与其对应的是了解,明了的意思。A、B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。

32、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查介词辨析。由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调应该在多大程度上指导领导人的行动,在……方面,使用介词in。A选项with“随着,由着”;B选项to“对于”;D选项for“给,对;为了”,在此处语义不符。因此D选项正确。

33、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项determination“决心;果断”;B选项conclusion“结论”;C选项decision“决定”;D选项choice“选择”。由空格前“pollsasthebasisforpolicy”(民意作为政治……的基础)可知与其对应的是决定,即将民调作为政治决定的基础。A选项一般指人决心做某事;B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。

34、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查介词辨析与前后逻辑关系。Farfrom意为“远离”,由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调能帮助政治领导人避免与公众的想法偏离太远,从而提高政府的效率。因此A选项正确。

35、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查名词辨析与语义关系。A选项admission“承认”;B选项support“支持;帮助”;C选项disagreement“不一致;争论”;D选项reaction“反应,感应”。由空格前theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic”(公共政策的有效性取决于其公众……的程度)可知与其对应的是支持,即有效性取决于公众的支持程度。A、C、D在此处语义不符。因此B选项正确。

36、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispute“辩论;争吵”;B选项disregard“忽视,无视”;C选项disrespect“无礼,失礼”;D选项disrupt“破坏;使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知该空与undermined(破坏)是并列选择关系。A、C选项在此处语义不符;D选项意义也为破坏,与空格后语义重复,排除。因此B选项正确。

37、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项continues“继续,连续”;B选项carrieson“开展;实行”;C选项embarks“上船(或飞机)”;D选项pursues“追求,从事”。由空格后“acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees”(大部分公众不同意的行动方针)可知是采取大众不同意的方针,pursue有一种贬义的意义,即对应后文带来不好的影响。A、C选项在此处语义不符;B选项意义也为采取,实行,但多为褒义,即经过周密调查而实行的计划,排除。因此D选项正确。

38、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risks“冒……危险”;B选项costs“花费;使损失”;C选项makes“做,制作”;D选项endangers“危及;使遭到危险”。由空格后“lossofpublicconfidence”(公众信心的丧失)可知是实行公众不同意的计划,是冒着失去公众信心的风险实行的,所以A选项与其语义相对应。B、C、D选项在此处语义不符,排除。因此A选项正确。

39、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficiency“效率;效能;功效”为名词,此处需填入形容词,排除;B选项effective“有效的,起作用的”;C选项sufficient“足够的;充分的”;D选项scarce“缺乏的,不足的”。由空格后“thathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages”(这显示出美国人对伊朗仍然怀有深深的敌意,因为阿亚图拉•霍梅尼(AyatollahKhomeini)的政权扣押了三名美国人质)可知是由于政府没有注意到民调显示出的美国人仍然对伊朗怀有深深的敌意,所以D选项与其语义相对应。A、B、C选项在此处语义不符,排除。因此D选项正确。

40、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项replacement“更换;复位”,一般与介词of以及by搭配使用;B选项substitute“代用品;代替者”,通常与介词of以及for搭配使用;C选项change“变化”;D选项diversity“多样性;差异”。由空格后介词“for”可知B选项与其语义相对应。A选项一般表示代替不与for搭配;C、D选项在此处语义不符,排除。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Thistimehecouldaffordtomakenomistake:histeacherwasthere_______,watchingeverymove.

问题1选项

A.athiselbow

B.offhishand

C.onhisfeet

D.inhiseyes

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.athiselbow近在手边,在身边B.offhishand(getsth.offofone’shand把某物从某人手上甩掉)

C.onhisfeet站立着D.inhiseyes在他眼里

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词watchingeverymove,可知他不能再犯错的原因是老师在关注他的一举一动,athiselbow符合语境,也就是说老师就在旁边,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】这次他可不敢犯错了:他老师就在他身边,注视着他的一举一动。

8.单选题

Althoughhehadbeengivenseveraltraffictickets,thedriver()thathehadnotbeenresponsibleforasingleaccident.

问题1选项

A.defended

B.acknowledged

C.inferred

D.contended

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。defend辩护;acknowledged承认,确认;inferred推测;contended主张,为…竞争。句意:尽管他收到了几张交通罚单,但司机辩护称他对这几起交通事故都没有责任。由Although可知前后两句是让步关系。虽然该司机收到几张罚单,但他辩护….故A项符合句意。

9.单选题

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

问题1选项

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词用法。A选项中的matter做名词时是可数名词,它后面有meaning和usage两个名词,因此matter应改为matters。

10.单选题

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“labormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat().

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat().

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby().

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe().

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat().

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

问题1选项

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

问题2选项

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

问题3选项

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

问题4选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题5选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

问题6选项

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

问题7选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

问题8选项

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceivingmoderate-to-highwages

C.thoseinforcedidlenessinclude,besidestheunemployed,bothunderemployedpart-timeworkersandthosenotactivelyseekingwork

D.atdifferenttimesduringtheyear,differentpeopleareunemployed

问题9选项

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章开头引出了整篇文章的话题“Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.”有多少人会因为劳务市场问题而遭受不幸?这是最关键但也是最有争议的社会政策问题之一。所以整篇文章的主题为劳务市场及就业问题。下文分析了这一问题的出现,并且提出由于社会统计数据的缺陷和不完善,使人们无法确定劳务市场问题的严重程度和因劳务市场问题而遭受不幸的具体人数。最后文章提出“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and…”,由于这些相互矛盾的证据,目前还不确定那些由于劳务市场问题而遭受严重损失的人数是数十万人还是数千万人……由此可判断出本篇文章主要内容为:社会统计数据是如何模糊不清地反映出低工资和就业机会不足所造成的困难程度的。选项D符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据文章第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.”,如今,失业不会像20世纪30年代那样带来可怕的后果,因为当时大多数失业者都是家里的主要经济支柱,当时收入通常更接近于温饱线,当时对于那些在劳务市场上失败的人,没有相应的解决措施。所以整篇文章提到的劳务市场问题主要是两个方面的问题,一是失业,二是收入。所以选项D“提供丰厚收入的岗位的缺乏”符合文章意思。

3.推断题。根据文章第一段“Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930s…”,可知作者认为在许多方面,社会统计数据夸大了劳务市场的困难程度。将20世纪30年代和现今进行对比,是为了说明失业所带来的后果不像20世纪30年代时那样严重。可推断出失业影响的严重程度有所降低。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions…”,作者提出的问题是“由于矛盾的统计数据,不确定因为劳务市场问题而遭受不幸的具体人数究竟是多少”。根据文章最后一句“Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.”,作者对这一问题所持有的观点是:现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据不足以用来衡量劳务市场问题的后果严重性。可推断出作者针对这一问题,可能最恰当的提议是制定新的统计数据,以衡量劳务市场问题所造成的不幸程度。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.”,可知第二段作者提出的主要观点是我们的社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳务市场相关的困难程度。此句为第二段的中心句,其他部分都是围绕此句展开的论述,可推断出下文作者提到那些一年之内多次失业的人目的是为了说明失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难。选项B符合题意。

6.细节题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.”,我国的收入转移一直集中在老年人、残疾人和被赡养的人身上,而忽视了有工作的穷人的需要,因此,现金和实物转移的急剧增长,并不一定意味着那些在劳务市场中遭受不幸的人得到了充分的保护。可判断出收入转移对低收入人群的缓解作用不惠及一些有工作的贫困者,选项A符合题意。

7.细节题。根据文章第一段最后几句“Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.”,文章提到收入数据也夸大了困难的程度,下文便解释了原因,在数百万小时工资处于或低于最低工资水平的人中,绝大多数都有多份收入,而且家庭相对富裕。可判断出导致失业和收入数据高估经济困难程度的一个原因是在低收入和失业的人群中,普遍存在有工作的家庭的人。选项D符合题意。

8.推断题。根据文章第二段“Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.”,对于被迫失业而受苦的人数,作者的结论为:由于一年中某段时间内失业的人数是某个月失业人数的几倍,因此那些被迫失业而受苦的人数可能等于或超过年平均失业人数,尽管在任何一个月里只有少数失业者真正受苦。下文就对这个结论进行了进一步说明,根据文章“Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.”,对于被记入月失业人数中的人来说,有些人因为没有能力找到全职工作而做兼职,或者在劳务市场外,但是需要一份工作。可推断出作者对于被迫失业而受苦的人数做出的结论,主要取决于这一点:被迫失业的人除了失业者外,还包括未充分就业的兼职工作者和不积极寻找工作的人。选项C符合题意。

9.推断题。题目意思为“下列哪一项最能够批判作者关于为什么贫困统计数据不能如实地表现出劳务市场存在的问题的观点”,实际上题目要求选出与作者观点相反的一项。根据文章第一段最后一句“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.”作者对于这一问题的观点为:因为贫困统计中的大多数是老年人或残疾人,或有些人由于家庭负担而无法成为劳动力,所以贫困统计数据无法准确地反映劳务市场的问题。可推断出与此观点相反的选项为A“贫困人口数量的短期增加可能表明就业岗位不足,因为无法接受就业的人员的基数大致保持不变。”,选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe(

)ofhumanrace?

问题1选项

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代,子孙”;B选项successor“继承者”;C选项breeder“饲养员,繁殖者”;D选项predecessor“前身,祖先”。句意:你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗?选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Ifeachrepresentativepresentheremakeshisusualspeech,themeetingwillbe(

)morethananhour.

问题1选项

A.expanded

B.prolonged

C.delayed

D.exceeded

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”;B选项prolong“延长”;C选项delay“延迟”;D选项exceed“超过”。句意:如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言,会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Wedidn’texpectthatthelocalgovernmentwassoefficient;allthethingswentwithaminimum()andmaximumspeed.

问题1选项

A.autonomy

B.automation

C.frequency

D.bureaucracy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词解析。A选项autonomy“自治”;B选项automation“自动化”;C选项frequency“频率;频繁”;D选项bureaucracy“官僚主义”。句意:我们真没料想当地政府竟是如此讲效率,所有事情以最低的……和最快的速度进行。governmentwassoefficient“政府的办事效率高”,可以说明现在政府中一些官僚主义减少了。因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

AtBuffaloCreek,WestVirginia,amakeshiftdamatacoalminesitecollapsedwithalossofmorethan100lives.

问题1选项

A.fragile

B.massive

C.crude

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.fragile易碎的,易损的B.massive巨大的,大而重的

C.crude粗略的,简略的D.temporary暂时的,临时的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的,权宜的”,用来形容dam,指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝,temporary与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】在西弗吉尼亚州的布法罗溪,某个煤矿工地的临时大坝倒塌,造成100多人死亡。

15.单选题

Ifearlyhumans(

)asmuchastheydid,theyprobably(

)toevolveintodifferentspecies.

问题1选项

A.didnotmoveandintermingle...wouldcontinue

B.wouldnotmoveandintermingle...hadcontinued

C.hadnotmovedandintermingled...wouldhavecontinued

D.werenottomoveandintermingle...couldhavecontinued

【答案】C

【解析】由题干句末“进化成不同物种可知”,本题考查虚拟条件句。题干中的主语是earlyhumans“早期的人类”,说明这是对过去事实的虚拟。因此只有C选项符合题意。

16.单选题

TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项initiate“开始,发起”,一般指活动,团体的产生;B选项originate“起源于,来自,产生”;C选项embark“上船,装船,从事”,后面常接介词on/upon;D选项commence“开始”,指重大事件及历史时期的开始。根据TheSpaceAge(太空时代)和thefirstartificialsatellite(第一颗人造卫星)可知是一件重大事件,因此选D。句意:太空时代始于1957年10月,当时苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星。

17.翻译题

交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族,只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因而长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中,或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。

事实上,在现代国家中,绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位外国的著名历史学家曾经写道:“任何国家的文明,来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西剔除掉,那么,英国的文化就所剩无几了。”

事实也近乎如此。中国古代的四大发明曾经给古代世界的文化发展以巨大的推动。汉唐文化对朝鲜、日本等毗邻国家的文化发展,更是给予了深刻而又久远的影响。同样,近代和现代西方的许多重要科学成果,也改变了并继续改变着当代中国人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

18.单选题

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besure

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论