考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州城市学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

问题1选项

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到天黑，她才意识到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C选项意思为“一……就”；A选项nosooner…than置于句首，前面部分倒装；B选项hardly…when“”和C选项scarcely…when是固定搭配。D选项itisnotuntil…that“直到……才”用法正确。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.

问题1选项

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。concise“简明的”；clear“清楚的”；precise“精确的”；elaborate“详尽的”。句意：新秘书只用了几张纸就写出了一份包含所有的非常详尽的报告。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的足球队正在和英国哥伦比亚大学的球队……。meet“满足，遇见”；contest“比赛，竞赛”；concede“承认，让步”；contemplate“考虑，沉思”。根据“ourfootballteam”可知是在进行比赛，contend的意思是“竞争；斗争”。因此，选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Intheaccidentthewindshieldofthebuswas______.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.shattered

C.knocked

D.battered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项scatter“撒播，散开，散布”，B项shatter“粉碎，打碎，破坏”，C项knock“敲，打，敲击”，D项batter“连续猛击，虐待殴打”。根据关键词accident“事故”和windshield“挡风玻璃”可知，空格处填入“粉碎”符合句子语境。句意：在事故中，公共汽车的挡风玻璃被震碎了。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Thechildrenhaveamore（

）view,onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork.

问题1选项

A.pragmatic

B.dreary

C.marital

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“实用的，讲求实效的”；B选项dreary“令人沮丧的，沉闷的”；C选项marital“婚姻的，夫妻关系的”；D选项dominant“首要的，占支配地位的，占优势的”。由后面的“onlytakinginconsiderationwhatwillwork（只有考虑到什么才能起作用）”可知A选项最符合逻辑搭配。句意：孩子们有一个更实用的观点，只考虑什么会起作用。

6.单选题

Much（

）Ihavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughness,whateverthejob.

问题1选项

A.when

B.more

C.farther

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装结构。这是由as引导的让步状语从句结构，需要倒装，但不是主谓倒装而是将被强调的内容放在句首，选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Thoughheisacompetentengineer,itdoesno（）thathewillmakeasuccessfulfactorydirector.

问题1选项

A.conclude

B.follow

C.deduce

D.doom

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:conclude“结束；终止”；B:follow“跟随，接着”；C:deduce“推论，推断”；D:doom“命运；厄运”。句意：虽然他是一名称职的工程师，但是，并不能推断他将成为一名成功的厂长。结合语境，故选C选项。

8.单选题

Thesenatorwasaccusedofwafflingonmajorissues.

问题1选项

A.vaguing

B.stiffening

C.vacillating

D.reshuffling

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项vaguing“模糊的，含糊的，不明确的，暧昧的”；B选项stiffening“变硬，（使）变粘稠”；C选项vacillating“踌躇的，摇摆的”；D选项reshuffling“重新安排，重新排序”。句意：这位参议员被指责在重大问题上含糊其辞。Waffling“优柔寡断的，模糊不清的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Superstitionisabiasedword.Lookupalmostanydictionarydefinitionandyouwillseethatitimpliesthateveryreligionnotbasedonreasonorknowledgeiscalledasuperstition.Eventhewordknowledgeisatwo-facedword.Presumably,itisusedasasynonymforreason.Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.

Itistruethataperson’sreligionmustbebasedonsomekindofknowledge.Butwhatkindofknowledgeismeant?Scientific,experimental,rational?Suchknowledgeisnaturalandmaybeethicalandthenitisnaturalreligiousknowledge.ApersonmayquiteeasilyconcludefromobservingtheuniversethatonlyGodcouldhaveproducedit.Thatknowledgeisnotreligion,notevenifapersonisboundtorecognizeaCreatoroftheuniverse.ItisnaturalknowledgesuchasConfucius,SocratesorZoroasterpossessed.

Naturalreligiousknowledge,asisevidentinthehistoryofthehumanrace,althoughithelpstomakeamangood,hardlysufficestokeephimgood,especiallyintimesofcrisis.Willsuchnaturalknowledge,forinstance,sustainamanwhenhehassuddenlylostallhismoneyandevenhiswifeandchildren?Willitofferthehopeofeverseeingthemagain?Willitinfluencehimgladlytosacrificehislifeforhisfamily,hiscountry,hisreligion?Onlyastrongsenseofsupernaturalreligion,arelianceuponGod,willprovidethenecessarycourageforrightaction.

Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife.

ChristianityandIslamdirectmentolookup,hopeforandstriveafteraneternallifeofhappinessinthepossessionofGod.Hinduism,althoughitbelievesinreincarnations,alsoencouragesitsadherentstoachievesuccessivelyhigherincarnationsuntiltheyachieveunity,becomeonewithBrahman—God.ChineseBuddhismtellsitsfollowersthatiftheyperformgooddeedsandhavefaithinOmitofoobyfrequentlycallinguponthisGodofInfiniteCompassiontheywillberewardedbyeternallifeintheWesternParadise.

Theagnosticortheatheistthinksofallofthosecreedsasreligioussuperstition.Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.

Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopledefinesuperstitionas______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,allthegreatreligionsoftheworld______.

3.Fromthepassagewearetoldthattheatheists______.

4.Ofthefollowingsuggestedtitle,theonethatmostaccuratelysumsupthepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.somereligiousknowledgenotbasedonreason

B.naturalknowledgeofareligion

C.anythingthatseemsunreasonableinanotherperson’sreligion

D.someoneelse’sreligion

问题2选项

A.bringpeaceofmindandpeacewithotherhumanbeing

B.putforthabetterlifenowandpromiseeternallifeintheWesternParadise

C.givecouragetotheiradherentstoliveanddiepeacefully

D.urgetheiradherentstoachievehigherincarnations

问题3选项

A.havelittleornoreligiousknowledge

B.haveidealsthatarebeyondearthlyones

C.aremostlyastrologerswhohavetoomanymaterialisticidealsinlife

D.areactuallynotfreefromsuperstition

问题4选项

A.TheGreatReligionsonEarth

B.IngredientsofSuperstition

C.ReligionandSuperstition

D.AchieveUnitywithGod

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，人们把迷信定义为……”。根据第一段最后一句Whatitallcomesdowntoisthatpeopledesignateassuperstitiouswhattheydonotthinkreasonableinsomeoneelse’sreligion.（归根结底，人们认为在别人的宗教中他们认为不合理的东西是迷信的）可知，C项“在另一个人的宗教中似乎不合理的任何事情”正确；A项“一些不是基于理性的宗教知识”是字典上对于迷信的定义，并不是人们的定义；B项“宗教的自然知识”这属于宗教信仰建立的基础；D项“其他人的宗教”没有提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者，世界上所有伟大的宗教……”。根据第四段第一句Allthegreatreligionsoftheworld—Christianity,Hinduism,ChineseBuddhismandIslam—haveshownmenthewaytosuchcourageanditsresultingpeaceofmindandheartandpeacewithallmen.（世界上所有伟大的宗教—基督教、印度教、中国佛教和伊斯兰教—都向人们展示了通往这种勇气的道路，以及由此产生的心灵和平与所有人的和平）可知，A项“带来内心的平和，以及与他人之间的平和”正确；B项“提出更好的生活，并承诺在西天永生”和D项“敦促他们的追随者达到更高的化身”该段没有提到；由第四段第二句Theypointtoabettersortoflife,mostlyalifesomewhereelse,or,atleast,anendtothetroublesofthislife（它们预示着一种更好的生活，大多是另一个地方的生活，或者至少，结束了今生的烦恼）可知，C项“给他们的信徒勇气，让他们平静地活着和死去”与原文不符。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“从文章中我们得知，无神论者……”。根据倒数第二段中的Aretheagnosticandtheatheistfreeofsuperstition?Hardly.Everythinkingmanhasanaturalbentforreligion,foridealsaboveandbeyondearthlyones.（不可知论者和无神论者都能摆脱迷信吗？几乎不能。每个有思想的人都有一种天生的宗教倾向，一种超越世俗的理想倾向）可知，D项“事实上并不能摆脱迷信”正确；A项“很少或没有宗教知识”没有提到；B项“有超越世俗的理想”不够全面；根据倒数第二段最后一句Ifhecrusheshisnaturalinclination,whichisGod-inspiredideals,hemostlikelywillsubstituteaseriesofself-inspiredidealsorsomefadlikeastrology,whichwillbecomeareligionforhim.（如果他打破了自己的自然倾向，那就是上帝启发的理想，他很可能会用一系列自我启发的理想或某种流行的占星术来代替，这将成为他的宗教）可知，C项“大多是在生活中有太多的唯物主义的理想的占星家”中的唯物主义理想并没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“在以下建议的标题中，最准确地总结了这篇文章的是……”。文章开篇先阐述了迷信的定义，这个概念和宗教有关，然后又讲述了宗教信仰中存在的迷信思想，并在文章的最后总结了迷信和宗教的区别：Thereisalinebetweenreligionandsuperstitionwhicheveryonemustlearntoidentify,orforfeitatruedirectioninhislife.（宗教和迷信之间有一条界线，每个人都必须学会辨别这条界线，否则就会失去人生的真正方向）；综合推断，C项“宗教和迷信”最适合做文章的标题；A项“地球上最伟大的宗教”、B项“迷信的成分”和D项“与神合一”都只是文章的一部分。因此，该题选择C项正确。

10.单选题

Becauseofthetightermoneypolicy,（

）defenseforthecomingyearsisgreatlycut.

问题1选项

A.reservation

B.budget

C.allowance

D.finance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reservation“预约”；budget“预算”；allowance“津贴”；finance“财政；金融”。句意：由于财政政策紧张，来年的国防预算大大缩减了。选项B符合题意。

11.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平，加强友好合作，促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民、犯罪、人口膨胀、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等问题仍然严峻，影响着全球的稳定与发展。中国与西方国家虽然国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上具有广泛一致的利益。我对中国同西方各国关系的改善与发展感到高兴。中国政府和人民愿在相互新生和平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的世界各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。

【答案】参考译文：Peaceanddevelopmentarethetwomajorthemesintoday'sworld.Themaintenanceofworldpeace,strengtheningfriendshipandcooperationandpromotingcommondevelopmentarethecommonaspirationofallpeoples.Atpresent,poverty,unemployment,refugees,crime,apopulationexplosion,environmentaldegradation,drugtrafficking,terrorismandotherissuesarestillsevereandaffectglobalstabilityanddevelopment.AlthoughChinaandwesterncountrieshavedifferentnationalconditions,bothsideshavebroadlyconsistentinterestsinaseriesofmajorinternationalissues.IamdelightedtoseetheimprovementanddevelopmentoftheconnectionbetweenChinaandwestcountries.ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinawouldliketodevotetothegreatpeaceanddevelopmentonthebasisofmutualtrustandequalityandmutualbenefitwithallthepeopleandallthegovernmentsincludingwestcountries.

12.单选题

W:DoyoumindifItakeacoupleofhoursoffthisafternoon?

M:OK,butwhatfor?

Q:Whatisthewomanaskingfor?

问题1选项

A.Advice

B.Leave

C.Time

D.Reason.

【答案】B

【解析】题目中“takeacoupleofhoursoff”的意思是“请几个小时的假”，和B选项的“askforleave”意思相同，B选项正确。

13.翻译题

Infact,therobotsthataredoingthemostforyouandme—theindustrialrobots—don’tevenhaveahead.Atinymicroprocessorcapableoffittingonasiliconchipthesizeofapeamakesuppartoftherobot’s“brain”.Severalofthesesiliconchipsareplacedontwoorthreeprintedcircuitboardstoprovidetheinputandmemorybankfunctions.Whenpluggedintoanelectricaloutlet,thisassemblyofmicroprocessors,muchlikethehumanbrain,transmitselectricalimpulsesalongpathwayswhichrunfromthecomputeritselfdowntherobot’sarmandintoitshand.Inhumans,thesepathwaysarethenervefibers;inrobots,theyareelectricalcables.

【答案】【参考译文】事实上，那些对人类贡献最大的机器人——工业机器人——甚至连头都没有。一个能装在豌豆大小的硅芯片上的微型处理器，构成了机器人“大脑的一部分”。几块这样的芯片被放置在两到三块印刷电路板上，提供输入和记忆库的功能。当插入电源插座时，这组微型处理器就像人类的大脑一样，将电脉冲从计算机本身传递到机器人的手臂，再传递到它的手。对人类来说，这些路径是神经纤维，而对机器人来说，它们就是电缆。

14.单选题

Itwasunusualforthere（）sofewstudentsintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.be

C.being

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查句式。介词for后面跟的存在句采用不定式形式。句意：教室里的学生这么少是不寻常的。因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Duringtheinterview,themayorexpressedhisheart-feltgratitudethroughthereportersforthetimelyassistanceandsupportthatpeoplefromothercitieshavekindly（

）tohiscitizensafterthecitywasstruckbyseveralearthquakes.

问题1选项

A.rendered

B.secured

C.sought

D.furnished

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析题。A选项的render“给予某物作为报偿或用以交换，回报，归还”；B选项的secure“将某物固定住，系住，使某物安全，保护”；C选项的seek“寻找，探索”；D选项的furnish“提供，陈设，布置”。根据句意‘在采访中，市长通过报道对其他城市的人在该市遭受了几次地震袭击后给予市民的及时的友好的援助和支持表示了衷心的感谢’确定A选项正确。

16.填空题

Sincehewasachild,DonCameronhasbeeninterestedinanythingwhichflies.HegrewupontheoutskirtsofGlasgowand,asastudentatGlasgowUniversity,joinedtheUniversityAirSquadron.1.（）Hisgrandfatherwasanengineer,whoturnedhishandtomakingmodelsteamenginesandboats.

DonCameron’sfirstjobwasatBristolAircraft,whereheworkedasanengineer.HethenhadjobsinthesteelworksatLanwemandforRio-TintoZineinBristol,workingwithcomputers.Inthemid-sixties,newsofAmericanexperimentswithhotairballoonscrossedtheAtlantic,andheandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle2.（）.

At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon3.（）HehascrossedtheChannelbyballoonandevenflownintheArcticCircleinone."Beforeyouflythere"，heremembers,“youaretoldhowtobuildigloosandsurviveinthesnow.It'salovelyplacetofly”.

"Intheearlydays”,herecalls.“Iusedtoworknightandday.”Helooksdownathisscheduleforthenextfewdays.ItincludesadrivetoFrancetomakeadelivery,plusreadingproofsofaballooninghandbookhehaswritten.“Istilldon'ttakeitveryeasy.”hesays.HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.4.（）.Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.ThefirmexportsallovertheworldandissettingupafactoryinAmerica,whereballoonswillbemadeforthemunderlicense.5.（）.

【答案】1.D

2.E

3.B

4.C

5.A

【解析】1.D项提到了familytradidion家庭传统，与空格后面的内容即对爷爷的介绍对应。

2.由空格前的内容“heandacoupleoffriendsdecidedtobuildtheirownballoon.ProbablythefirsthotairballooninwesternEurope,theycalleditTheBristolBelle.他和几个朋友决定自己造一个气球。可能是西欧的第一个热气球，他们叫它布里斯托尔贝尔。”可知卡梅伦与他的朋友决定自己造气球，并且创造了西欧第一个热气球。E项讲述的是他们公司的成就，现在本国就有300个热气球。有三分之二的热气球是由卡梅伦的公司制作的。能与下文自然衔接。

3.At40hehasalreadybeenhalfwayroundtheworldbyballoon40岁时，他已经乘气球环游了半个世界。这句为本段的中心句，接下来应该会提到他乘坐热气球去过的地方。故B项正确。

4.此空前面HestartedthebusinessinthebasementofthelargeVictorianhouse,whereheliveswithhiswifeKinandtwochildren.他在一幢维多利亚时代的大房子的地下室里开始了他的生意，他和他的妻子及两个孩子住在那里。此空与过去进行对比，讲述仙子它的公司很有前途。由空格后的Theyincludespeciallydesignedballoonsforadvertisingpurposes.其中包括为广告目的而特别设计的气球,也可知they是指代热气球。故C项正确。

5.文章最后讲述了卡梅伦公司的成就，A项用具体的数字能让人更清楚地知道这家公司的成功。故A项正确。

17.单选题

Massproductionis（）onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的；invaluable无价的；feasible可行的；compatible兼容的。句意：大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Thesegoodsaresoldatreducedprices,（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefectsarepointedouttothecustomers

B.thedefectspointedouttothecustomers

C.thedefectshavebeenpointedouttothecustomers

D.thedefectsbeingpointedouttothecustomers

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。现在分词短语做状语，起补充说明的作用。选项A，B，C结构完整，如果放于句中缺少连词，所以选项D正确。

19.单选题

Whenlightilluminatesanobject,partofitisabsorbedandpartreflected;the_______lightnessofanobjectdependsontheproportionoflightthatisreflected.

问题1选项

A.denoted

B.embodied

C.insulated

D.perceived

【答案】D

【解析】denoted指示,表示;embodied所包含的;insulated被隔离的;perceived所察觉到的。句意：当光照射一个物体时,它的一部分被吸收,一部分被反射;被感知的物体的亮度取决于被反射的光的比例。选项D符合句意。

20.翻译题

Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofthecollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledge.

【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向,这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司,很少有人愿意到研究单位。在物欲横流的社会里,这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门,大公司便在竞相聘用他们,向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于许多大企业,甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益,而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣,所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找,工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观,而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹,现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。

21.单选题

Undoubtedlythefloodcouldhavebeen______ifthelocalgovernmenthadinvestedmoremoneyingreeningtheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.putoff

B.turnedoff

C.keptoff

D.writtenoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项putoff“推迟；扔掉；阻止”；B选项turnoff“关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向；使失去兴趣”；C选项keepoff“让开；不接近”；D选项writeoff“注销；取消；勾销；报废”。句意：毫无疑问，如果当地政府在绿化环境方面投入更多的资金，洪水本可以被阻断。因此B选项正确。

22.翻译题

Themostintensiveformsofrurallanduseforagriculturalpurposesarethoseconcernedwithharvestablecropsorwiththeproductionofanimalproducts.Unlikeprimitiveagriculture,whichinvolvedonlythetemporaryremovalofnaturalvegetationanddependedforashortperiodoftimenaturalsoilfertility,conventionalagriculturetodayuseslargeinputsofchemicals,energyandtechnicalskillstoproduceincreasedyieldsofcropsoranimals.Inthetechnologicallyadvancedcountriesfoodproductionisoftengreaterthanpopulationgrowth,anditispossibletoretireformerfarmlandsfromuseandtoproducecropsaccordingtodemandwithoutapproachingthemaximumyieldsobtainable.Theso-calledGreenRevolutionhasbeenbasedonthespreadsuchfarmingmethodstolessdevelopednationoftheworld.Ithasbeenmadepossiblebythebreedingofhigh-yieldingformsofgrainspecificallyadaptedtotheecologicalconditionsofthecountriesinvolved.Thedecisiontouseanareaoflandforhigh-yieldagricultureessentiallyrulesoutitsuseforattarpurposes.Theintensiveproductionoffarmcropsinanagriculturalregionmayalsohavesideeffects;ashasbeenpreviouslynoted,thesemayincludethepollutionofotherthepesticides,herbicides,orotheragriculturalchemicalsblownorwashedfromfarmlandsaffectvegetationandanimallifeelsewhere.Nevertheless,committinganareatointensiveagriculturalproductiondoesnotruleoutitsfuturerestorationforotheruses.Aslongasthesoilsarewellcaredfor,suchareascanbeconvenedquicklytootherpurposesifitisnotnecessarytokeeptheminfarmproduction.AbandonedfarmlandsinthesouthernUnitedStates,forexample,arenowhighlyproductiveforestareas,andformerfanninglandselsewherearebeingusedtosupportwildlifeandoutdoorrecreation.Ingeneralplanningforconservationofnaturalresources,intensiveuseandhighproductioninthoseareasbestsuitedforfarmingmustbeofcourse,thatthepollutingeffectsoftheseactivitiesonthegeneralenvironmentareavoided.Suchconcentrationcansparethedestructionofotherresourcesthroughtouseinadequatelandsformarginalfarmingactivities.

【答案】最密集的农业用途的农村土地使用形式与提高农作物或者动物产品的产量有关。原始农业涉及的仅仅是自然植被的临时迁移，还有短时间内依靠自然土壤的肥力，与之不同的是，今天的传统农业使用大量的化学品，能源还有技术技能，从而农作物和动物产品的产量得到很大的提高。技术先进国家食物产量的增长往往比人口增长快，并有可能让之前的农田荒废，根据需求生产作物，避免其索取接近最高产量。所谓的绿色革命一直立足于向世界欠发达国家传播这种耕作方式。通过播种适应于当地生态环境的高产作物可能实现这一点。决定使用某个地方来种植高产农作物后，基本排除了将这个地方做其他用途。农业地区的集约化农作物生产也有副作用；之前已经提到过，这些可能包括其他地区的污染比如农药、除草剂或者从其他农田风刮过来或者冲过来的农用化学品，这些都会影响到其他地方的植被和动物。然而，将一个地区专项集约化农业生产并不排除将来将其恢复用于其他用途。只要土壤被保护得好，这些地区能够很快被转换到其他目的，其他是没有必要再让它们用于农业生产。例如，美国南部的弃耕地，现在是高生产力的森林地区，其他前耕作土地正在用来支持野生动物和户外休闲。对自然资源的保护，针对最适合耕种的区域的集约化利用和高产量的总体规划当然应该避免这些活动对环境的污染。这种集中通过利用边际农业活动中使用不足的土地可以免除对其他资源的破坏。

23.单选题

AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.Sexecutivetellshisstallhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairlyandcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanageispromotebyhisBritishPresident,butwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.

Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployees,butwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement.

“Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture,”saysCliffordClarke,founderandpresidentoftheCaliforniabasedIRIInternationalinc,oneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofconsultingfirmsthatspecializeinteachingbusinesspeoplefromdifferentcultureshowtocommunicateandworkwitheachother.

“NevershowtheshoetoanArad,neverarriveontimeforapartyinBrazil,andinJapan,don’tthink‘yes’means‘yes’,adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggs,whohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial“dos”and“don’ts’'isnottheanswer,accordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatterns,theypointout,canbedisastrous.

Forexample,theAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewarded,butwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanothers,therewerecomplaints.“Youtoldusyou'dbefair,andyouliedtous,”accusedonesalesman.“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”

TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation,“hewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan,”saidhisU.S.Manager,“butinourcompany,we’reallexpectedtobeself-starters,whothriveonworkingalone.Forhim,itwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnow,buthe’dbehumiliatedif1toldyouhisname,that’sanotherculturedifference.”

TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors.“Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney,”saysEugeneJ.Flath,presidentofIntelJapanLtd,asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker.“Now,Icanseeitisarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice.”

“That’swhyIntel,withthehelpofconsultantClarke,begananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericanandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.Fromthecontext,theword“baloney”iscloseinmeaningto

（

）.

3.WhydidtheJapanesestaffcomplaintotheAmericanmanager?

4.Theculturalcommunicationproblemsarebecomingespeciallyurgentfor

（

）.

5.WhydidthepromotedJapanesemanageraskfortransfer?

问题1选项

A.BuildingBridgesOvertheCulturalRivets

B.MultinationalTrainingforBusinessman

C.LearningDifferentThinkingPatterns

D.CommunicationProblemsandComplaints

问题2选项

A.balcony

B.feat

C.nonsense

D.simplicity

问题3选项

A.TheAmericanmanagerhadliedtothem.

B.Thesalaryincreaseswereinsufficient.

C.Moststaffhadnotreceivedsalaryincreased.

D.Therewasamisunderstandingoftheword“fair”.

问题4选项

A.Americanmanagers

B.multinationalcompanies

C.Japaneseemployees

D.consultingfirms

问题5选项

A.Hewasnotcompetentforthehigherposition.

B.Hewasnotaccustomedtoworkingbyhimself.

C.Hecouldnotmaketheadjustmenttohisnewjob.

D.Helackedadequatecommunicationwithhissuperiors.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“本文最佳标题是……”。文章首先是通过一些实例来引出不同文化间的交流障碍这个话题，比如一位亚洲工程师被派到美国实验室后几乎精神奔溃；随后提到跨国公司开始重视这个问题并且采取了一些措施来解决这些问题，四个选项中选项A包含了其他三个选项的内容，最适合做文章标题。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，baloney与哪个单词意思最接近”。文章倒数第二段提到（Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturecommunicationwasalotofbaloney）与（Icanseeitisarealproblem），把之前的观点与现在的观点进行对比，前后发生了变化，由此可知baloney的意思与“arealproblem”是相反的，即“胡说八道”的意思。选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么日本员工向他们美国经理抱怨”。文章第五段提到“这位美国经理说他花费了一年半的时间来明白日本员工认为的公平是被平等对待”（“'Ittookmeayearandahalf,”sighedtheAmerican,“torealizethat‘fair’，tomystaff,meantbeingtreatedequally.”），由此可以看出是因为对fair这个单词的误解，使得日本员工对此抱怨。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于……来说，文化交流问题正变得特别重要”。文章第三段提到跨国公司开始重视文化（Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelse,nowtheyarefinallylookingatculture），因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“被提升的日本籍经理为什么要求换工作”。文章倒数第二段提到“不能适应职位提升的日本经理不能用更直接的语言与自己在英国的上司进行沟通从而提出了调换工作的要求”（TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldnotbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisLondon-basedsuperiors），选项C“他不能适应新工作”符合题意。

24.单选题

People___thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

问题1选项

A.convinced

B.anticipated

C.resolved

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项convinced“说服；使确信，使信服”；B选项anticipated“预料，预期；预见，预计（并做准备）”；C选项resolved“决定；溶解；使……分解；决心要做……”；D选项assured“保证；担保；使确信；弄清楚”。句意：人们___，垂直飞行运输将像今天的飞机一样运载数百万乘客。本句表达“人们曾经预计”，因此B选项正确。

25.单选题

TherearetwocolumnsmarkedAandBbelow.10setwordsarelistedincolumnAwiththedefinitionsprovidedincolumnB.StudythephrasesincolumnAcarefullyandmatcheachwordwiththecorrectdefinitionincolumnB.

ColumnA

1.vitality

2.prompting

3.instantaneous

4.dynamic

5.prudent

6.original

7.feverish

8.facilitate

9.likewise

10.sponsor

ColumnB

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题1选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题2选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimmediately

F.makesomethingeasyorlessdifficult

G.urgingorpersuading

H.existingfromthebeginning;creative;fresh

I.personwhomakeshimselfresponsibleforanother;personwhoputsforwardaproposal

J.showinggoodjudgment;actingwithcareandforesight

问题3选项

A.excited;restless

B.forcethatproduceschange,actionoreffects;energeticandforceful

C.persistentenergy;livelinessorvigor

D.similarly;also

E.happeningordoneimm