考研考博-英语-北京林业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京林业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

自新中国成立以来，南京发生的巨大而深刻的变化令人欢欣鼓舞。从1949年4月23日开始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京装扮得面貌一新，特别是近十几年，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工作、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代化城市焕发出勃勃英姿。南京，这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么可爱！

“儿时”的可爱是“无知”。那时侯，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科学家和大哲学家，每天在发现什么新的现象，新的真理。现在呢？什么都已经知道了，熟悉了，每个人的脸都已经看厌了。宇宙和社会是那么陈旧，无味，虽然它们其实比“儿时”新鲜得多了。我于是想念“儿时”，祷告“儿时'不能够前进的吋候，就愿意退后几步,替自己恢复己经走过的前途。请求“无知”回来，给我求知的快乐。

【答案】GreatandprofoundchangeshavetakenplaceinNanjingsincethefoundationofNewChina.ThecommonpeoplehavebecomethegenuinemastersofthisoldcitysinceApril23,1949.ThepeopleofNanjingwhohavebeenworkinghardontheirownlandhavegiventhisage-oldcityanewappearance.Especiallyforthepasttenyearsormore,China’sreformandopening-uppolicyhasbroughtmorefreshvigortothisbeautifulandfamouscity.Newjobs,efficienttransportationnetworksextendinginalldirections,picturesquecityconstruction,prosperoustertiaryindustriesandvariousandcolorfulculturallives,haveaddedcharmandvitalitytothismoderncitywhichretainssomehowthefeaturesofanancientcapital.HowlovelyNanjing—ahistoricandculturalcitywhichisoldandyoungis!

Thechildhood’slovelinessisignorant.Duringthatperiod,everythingwasnewtous,andeverydaywecouldbeagreatscientistorphilosopher;eachdaywediscoverednewphenomenaandnewtruths.Howaboutnow?Noweverythingisfamiliartous,butwe’retiredoflookingateverybody’sface.Theuniverseandsocietyaresooldandtasteless,althoughtheyaremuchfresherthanchildhood.ThenImissmychildhoodandprayforit.Whenwecannotadvanceanymore,weliketotakeafewstepsbacktorestorethefuturewehavepassed.Weaskforthereturnof“childishignorance”toletusre-experiencethejoyofknowledge-seeking.

2.单选题

TheBrownslivedina（

）andcomfortablyfurnishedhouseinthesuburbs.

问题1选项

A.confess

B.sufficient

C.wide

D.wretched

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布朗一家住在郊区宽敞而且设施齐全的房子里。Confess“忏悔”，动词；sufficient“足够的”；wide“宽敞的”；wretched“可怜的”。根据句意，选项C符合题意。

3.填空题

Hediscoveredfromthetimetablethatthetrainwas(1)intwentyminutes.Edgarsettledhimselfintoacorner,worriedin(2)whenpeoplesawhimtheywouldallwonder(3)achildlikehimwasmakingatrainjourneyalone.Hesighedwith(4)whenatlastheheardthefirstsoundofthetrainandthensawitroarin—thetrain(5)wastotakehimoutintotheworld.

Asheclimbed(6)henoticedhisticketwassecond-class.He(7)alwaystravelledfirst-classbeforeandagainhefeltthateverythinghadchanged.Therewere,differenceshehadnever(8)before.His(9)companionswerenot(10)thoseheusuallymet.SomeItalianworkmenwithhardhandsandroughvoicessatopposite(11)spadesandshovels,andlooked,outwithdull,blankexpressions.Theyhadbeenworkingto(12)money.Edgar(13),buthecouldnotimagine,howmuchitcouldbe.Hebecame(14)forthefirsttimethathewasaccustomedasamatterof(15)toanairofcomfortableease,inhislife,andthere,wassomuch,heknewnothingabout.

Edgarbegantoseemanythingsfromthatnarrowcompartmentwithitswindowstothe(16)world.He(17)outofthewindowwithneweyes.Anditseemed,tohimthat,hesaweverythinginitsproperlightforthefirsttime.Housesfledbyas(18)blownawaybythewind,andthismadehimthinkaboutthepeoplewholivedinthem.Werethey(19)orpoor,happyormiserable?Didthey(20),ashedidtoknoweverything?

【答案】1.due

2.case

3.why

4.relief

5.that

6.aboard

7.had

8.noted

9.journey

10.like

11.holding

12.earn

13.thought

14.aware

15.course

16.outside

17.looked

18.though

19.rich

20.long

【解析】1.空格前面是系动词was，系动词后面可以接名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、动名词等。此句表示：他从时刻表上得知火车将在20分钟后到达。因此填入形容词due一词。

2.此处填入的词应与in构成搭配，因此填入case，符合句意。

3.这里应填一个引导词，该引导词后的从句做wonder的宾语，因此填why比较符合句意。句意：埃德加在一个角落里坐了下来，心里很担心，生怕人们一看见他就会纳闷，像他这样的孩子为什么要独自乘火车旅行。

4.sighwithrelief是固定搭配，表示“松了一口气”。

5.该空所在的部分结构为：名词thetrain+空格+谓语，因此空格处应为一个引导词，thetrain后面是一个定语从句用来修饰限定thetrain，故填that。句意：当他终于听到火车的第一声鸣笛时，他松了一口气，然后看到火车呼啸而来——那辆火车将带他去外面的世界。

6.climbaboard是固定搭配，表示“上车”，符合句意。

7.根据题干关键词before跟后面的动词felt可知这里应为travel一词的过去完成时形式。

8.空格前面是hadnever，所以空格处应填一个动词的过去分词形式，句意为：有些不一样了，而他以前从未察觉。因此noted符合句意。

9.journey表示“长途旅行”，符合句意。句意：他的旅伴不再像他通常遇到的那些一样了。

10.belike表示“像……，和……一样”符合句意。句意：他的旅伴不再像他通常遇到的那些一样了。

11.该处应填入一个动词的现在分词形式做Italianworkmen的后置定语，其宾语为spadesandshovels（铁锹），因此填holding比较合适。

12.空格处所填词宾语为money，故动词earn比较合适。

13.这里应为Edgarthough做插入语。句意：他们一直在工作挣钱。埃德加想了想，但他无法想象，会有多少钱。

14.此处表示“他意识到”，并且空格前是系动词became，因此用形容词aware。

15.asamatterofcourse为固定搭配，表示“自然地”。句意：他第一次意识到，在他的生活中，他习惯了一种自然的舒适的气氛，而他所不知道的还有很多。

16.这里表示“通向外面世界”，因此填入outside。句意：埃德加开始从那个开着窗户通向外面世界的狭小隔间里看到许多东西。

17.lookoutofthewindow是固定搭配，表示“看向窗外”，句意：他用新的眼光看着窗外。

18.asthough表示“好像；仿佛”，符合句意。句意：房子好像被风吹走了似的，呼啸而过。

19.根据后面的happyormiserable（快乐或者痛苦）可知此处所填词应跟poor是反义词，因此rich比较合适。

20.longtodosth.表示“渴望做某事”，句意：难道他们也像他一样渴望知道一切吗?

4.单选题

Thestudentshavelauncheda(n)（）tofightagainstcheatingonexams.

问题1选项

A.action

B.activity

C.campaign

D.behavior

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.action行动；行为过程B.activity（事情发生或发展的）状况；（忙碌或积极的）行为；行动

C.campaign（为取得某目的而组织的）活动，运动D.behavior行为，举止

【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“反对考试作弊”可知，launcheda(n)______表示的是“发起了一场运动”，且launchacampaign为固定搭配，意为“发起运动”，所以该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】学生们发起了一场反对考试作弊的运动。

5.单选题

Igotseverallengthyphonecallsfrom（

）employerswhowereveryinterestedinme.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.rewarding

C.generous

D.monotonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。prospective意为“预期的”；rewarding意为“值得的”；generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”；monotonous意为“单调乏味的”。

句意：我接到几个来自乏味雇主的冗长的电话，他们对我很感兴趣。

6.单选题

Whenthestormbroke,theflockofsheepwere______inalldirections.

问题1选项

A.straying

B.dispersing

C.separating

D.distributing

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.straying迷路，偏离B.dispersing分散，散开

C.separating分离D.distributing分发，分配

【考查点】固定用法。

【解题思路】由空格后面的inalldirections可知，disperseinalldirections为固定用法，表示“纷纷四散”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项strayin（误入，流浪到）、D选项distributein（分布在）不符合句子意思；

C选项不与in搭配。

【句意】暴风雨来临时，羊群纷纷四散了。

7.单选题

Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes.

Aug.16issue—whocouldhaveimaginedthatalliancemanagementwouldbeahotelectionissueinAmerica?Butitis.JohnKerry’srepeatedpledgetorestorerelationswithAmerica’sallieshasstruckachord.Thetroubleis,ifheiselectedpresident,Kerryisgoingtofindthatpromisehardtokeep—atleastwithAmerica’salliesinEurope.MostofthemwouldbedelightedtoseeKerrywin,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywillbemorecooperativeonpolicyissues.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon.EarlyintoaKerryadministration,wecouldseeafamiliarsight—atransatlanticcrisis—exceptthistimeitwouldn’tbeoverIraqbutIran.

ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.Overthelasttwoyears,thankstotipsfromIranianoppositiongroupsandinvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency,ithasbecomeclearthatIranisseekingtodevelopnuclearweapons.Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.

EuropeancountrieswereasworriedbythisdevelopmentasWashingtonand,sincetheUnitedStateshasnorelationswithIran,EuropesteppedinlastfallandnegotiatedadealwithIran.ItwasanexcellentagreementinwhichIranpledgedtostopdevelopingfissilematerial(thecoreingredientofanuclearbombandtokeepitsnuclearprogramtransparent.Theonlyproblemis.Iranhasrecentlyannouncedthatitisn’tgoingtoabidebythedeal.AstheIAEA’sinvestigationgotmoreserious.Tehrangotmoresecretive.OnemonthagotheagencycondemnedIranforitsfailuretocooperate.Tehranrespondedbyannouncingthatitwouldresumeworkinprohibitedareas.

That’swherethingsstandnow,withtheclocktickingfast.IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiaandEgyptwouldfeelthreatenedbyIran’sbombandwouldstarttheirownsearchfornucleartechnology.(SaudiArabiaprobablycouldnotmakeabombbutitcouldcertainlybuynecessarytechnologyfromacountrylikePakistan.Infact,wedon’treallyknowallofthebuyerswhopatronizedPakistaniscientistA.Q.Khan’snuclearsupermarket.It’squitepossibleSaudiArabiaalreadyhasafewelementsofsuchaprogram.)AndthenthereisIsrael,whichhaslongseenIranasitsgreatestthreat.ItisunlikelytositpassivelywhileIrandevelopsanuclearbomb.ThepowerfulIranianpoliticianAliRafsanjanihaspubliclyspeculatedaboutanuclearexchangewithIsrael.IfIran’sprogramwentforward,atsomepointIsraelwouldalmostcertainlytrytodestroyitusingairstrikes,asitdidIraq’sreactorinOsirik.Suchanactionwould,ofcourse,createamassivepoliticalcrisisintheregion.

Inthefaceofthesestarkdangers,Europeseemsremarkablypassive.Havingburstintoactionlastfall,itdoesnotseemtoknowwhattodonowthatIranhasrebuffeditsefforts.Itisurgingnegotiationsagain,whichisfine.ButwhatwillittellIraninthesenegotiations?Whatisthethreatthatitiswillingtowield?

LastmonththeBrookingsInstitutionconductedascenariowithmostlyformerAmericanandEuropeanofficials.Init,Iranactuallyacquiresfissilematerial.Evenfacingtheimminentproductionofanuclearbomb,Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.JamesSteinberg,aseniorClintonofficialwhoorganizedthisworkshop,saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”MadeleineAlbright,whoregularlyconvenesadiscussiongroupofformerforeignministers,saidthatonthistopic.“EuropeanssaytheyunderstandthethreatbutthenactasiftherealproblemisnotIranbuttheUnitedStates.”

AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan.TheywouldgoalongwithabiggerstickifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:directengagementwithTehran.ThisissomethingTehranhaslongsought,anditcouldbeofferedinreturnforrenouncingitsnuclearambitions.

Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole.ItmuststopviewingitselfmerelyasacriticofAmericanpolicy,butratherseeitselfasapartner,jointlyactingtoreducethedangersofnuclearproliferation.AnditshoulddothisnotasafavortoJohnKerrybutasaresponsibilitytoitsowncitizensandthoseoftheworld.

26.WhatisthefuturethreattoAmericannationalsecurityaccordingtotheauthor?

27.WhichofthefollowinginNOTincludedinthedramaticeffectsifIranweretogonuclear?

28.WhywasJamesSteinberg“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes”?

29.Whatisauthor’sviewpointtowardWashington’sattitudeontheissueofIran’snuclearthreat?

30.Whatistheauthor’sstandontheissue?

问题1选项

A.Iraqiweaponsofmassdestruction.

B.InvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicAgency.

C.Iranhasanuclearbomb.

D.Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle”.

问题2选项

A.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.

B.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.

C.ItwouldaffecttherelationsbetweentheU.N.andtheU.S.

D.ItwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.

问题3选项

A.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind.

B.ThedeteriorationofthetransatlanticrelationsfrustratedKerry.

C.Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasures.

D.AmericanpolicytowardIranisblameless.

问题4选项

A.AmericangovernmentshouldhavetalkswithEuropeannations.

B.WashingtonshouldhavedirectengagementwithTehran.

C.GovernmentofU.S.shouldrenounceIran’snuclearambitions.

D.WashingtonshouldbeblamedfornotconsideringthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran.

问题5选项

A.DisapproveAmericans’attitude.

B.ApproveneitherAmericans’attitudenorEuropeans’efforts.

C.UnsatisfiedwithEuropeans’efforts.

D.AmericansandEuropeansshouldmakejointeffortstoreducethedangers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】26.事实细节题。题干“作者认为未来威胁美国国家安全的是什么”，可定位到原文第3段第1、2句ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.（伊拉克大规模杀伤性武器——如果曾经存在的话——是美国过去的威胁。另一方面，伊朗是未来的问题。）由此可知，作者认为未来美国国家安全的威胁来自伊朗，A选项“伊拉克的大规模杀伤性武器”是过去的问题；B选项“国际原子能机构的调查”未提及，均排除；C选项“伊朗拥有核弹”以及D选项“伊朗拥有‘一个几乎完整的核燃料循环前端’”可定位到第3段最后一句Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.（机构的调查指出，伊朗拥有“一个几乎完整的核燃料循环前端”，这使得大多数专家认为，两到三年内伊朗就会拥有核弹。）由此判断，D选项“伊朗拥有‘一个几乎完整的核燃料循环前端’”已经实现了，而C选项“伊朗拥有核弹”是未来可能会出现的，是未来美国国家安全的威胁。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

27.事实细节题。根据题干“伊朗走向核武器的巨大影响不包括以下哪项”可定位到第5段第2句IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.（伊朗拥有核武器，将会产生巨大的影响。）A选项“它将把核材料交到一个与臭名昭著的组织有联系的激进政权手中”，可定位到第5段第3句Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.（它将把核材料交到一个与臭名昭著的组织有联系的激进政权手中。）两者表述完全一致，排除；B选项“这将向其他国家发出信号，即打破核禁忌是可能的”，可定位到第5段第4句Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.（这将向其他国家发出信号，即打破核禁忌是可能的。）两者表述完全一致，排除；C选项“它将影响联合国和欧盟的关系”，原文并未提及；D选项“它将给中东带来革命”，可定位到第5段第5句AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.（并且它将给中东带来革命。）两者表述完全一致，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

28.事实细节题。题干“为什么JamesSteinberg对欧洲的态度深感失望”可定位到第7段第3句JamesSteinberg…saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”（JamesSteinberg说“他对欧洲的态度深感失望”），前一句Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.（欧洲国家不愿采取任何强硬措施，比如使用武力或严厉制裁。）由此判断，JamesSteinberg失望的原因是“欧洲国家不愿采取任何强硬措施”，C选项“欧洲国家不愿采取任何强硬措施”与原文表述一致。A选项“每个人心中都有恐惧是可以理解的。”、B选项“大西洋两岸关系的恶化让Kerry感到沮丧。”、D选项“美国对伊朗的政策是无可指责的。”都不是欧洲的态度，并没有回答问题。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

29.判断推理题。题干“作者对华盛顿在伊朗核威胁问题上的态度有何看法”，可定位到原文倒数第2段第1、2句AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.（美国对伊朗的政策并非无可指责。华盛顿甚至拒绝考虑与伊朗直接对话的可能性，更不用说实际关系了。）由此可知，华盛顿（即美国政府）对伊朗核问题的态度是拒绝直接对话，而作者认为美国的这种政策是hardlyblameless“并非无可指责”，D选项“华盛顿应该受到指责，因为它没有考虑与伊朗进行直接对话的可能性”与原文表述一致。A选项“美国政府应该与欧洲国家谈判”与问题无关；干扰选项B“华盛顿应该直接与德黑兰接触”，可定位到倒数第2段第3、4句EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan…ifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:DirectengagementwithTehran.（欧洲国家可以向华盛顿提出一个计划……如果华盛顿能抛出更大的诱惑：直接与德黑兰联系），这是作者为解决伊朗核问题向欧洲国家提出的建议里的内容，并不是作者对华盛顿态度的看法，排除；C选项“美国政府应该放弃伊朗的核野心”与问题无关，且选项本身逻辑不能自洽，美国政府无法放弃伊朗的核野心，只有伊朗政府自己可以，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

30.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者在这个问题上的观点”，根据本文开头第1句thereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes（还有另一个日益增长的危险正在逼近：伊朗的核武器野心），并通观全文可知，thisissue“这个问题”指的是“伊朗核问题”，根据题干可定位到文章最后两段。倒数第二段EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan（欧洲国家可以向华盛顿提出一个计划），接着讲华盛顿应该怎么做；最后一段首句Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole（但要实现这一切，欧洲必须愿意扮演积极、自信的角色），接着讲欧洲具体该怎么做。由此可知，作者认为美国和欧洲应该联合起来，D选项“美国和欧洲应共同努力来减少危险”最符合作者的观点。A选项“不同意美国的态度”、B选项“既不赞同美国人的态度，也不赞同欧洲人的努力”、C选项“不满意欧洲的努力”都不是作者对“伊朗核问题”的看法，而是对其他国家关于“伊朗核问题”的态度或做法的评价。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

8.单选题

Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms（

）backbeforethedeadline.

问题1选项

A.mustbesent

B.wouldbesent

C.besent

D.weresent

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由itisvital(necessary,important等)+that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，动词应该用动词原形或should+动词原形，选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

AlthoughthefeedingactivitiesofwhalesandwalrusesgivetheseaflooroftheBeringShelfadevastatedappearance,theseactivitiesseemtobeactually（

）tothearea,enhancingitsproductivity.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.rehabilitative

C.beneficial

D.detrimental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。destructive“破坏的；有害的”；rehabilitative“复原的”；beneficial“有益的；有利的”；detrimental“不利的”。句意：尽管鲸和海象的觅食活动给白令海大陆架的海底带来表面上的毁坏，但是这些活动似乎在实际上对这个区域是有益的，提高了它的生产力。由enhancingitsproductivity可知C项符合语境。

10.单选题

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

问题1选项

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

问题2选项

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

问题3选项

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

问题4选项

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

问题5选项

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司对来应聘的黑人进行血液检测（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），选项A符合题意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方发言人强调这种做法不是歧视，而是在帮助他们避免潜在的疾病威胁（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），选项A符合题意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美国做基因筛查的先锋（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推测出一些公司并不想做这个筛查。选项C符合题意。

4.题干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex复杂的，thick浓的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到实际上很多携带者可以很积极地生活并且不会有任何症状。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demandalways-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompany's.

问题1选项

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。benefit“好处”；availability“可用性，有效性”；suitability“合适性”；convenience“方便，便利”。句意：自上世纪90年代初以来，大多数企业的趋势一致是按需提供随时可用的产品和服务，以满足客户的方便，而不是公司的方便。产品和服务对于客户来说是提供了便利，故D项符合题意。

12.单选题

Inanageofperpetualdigitalconnectedness,whydopeopleseemsodisconnected?InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.

Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.

It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-line,e-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonline,allyouhavetodoistologoff.

Theproblemis,asempathywanes,sodoestrust.Andwithouttrust,youcan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“leancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.“Technologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffective,”saidNorthcraftinastatement.“Somethingisbeinggained,butsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistime,andthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.”

InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy,200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theother,pricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mail,someviavideo-conferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheend,thosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.

Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetings,duringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesare,breedmoretrust.Overe-mail,meanwhile,confirmationofhardworkgetslost,whichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.

17.ThestudyofinterpersonalrelationshipsbyDukeUniversityrevealsthat（）.

18.Thereasonwhypeoplefeelisolatedandbecomelessempatheticisthat（）.

19.Accordingtothepassage,the“leancommunication”（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

问题1选项

A.peoplebecomeshyerandtimiderthanbefore

B.peopletendtobelesscompassionatethanbefore

C.peoplemayfeelmoreisolatedthanbefore

D.peopleprefercommunicatingwithothersonline

问题2选项

A.itisverychallengingtofosterafriendshipinreallife

B.theyhavemoreopportunitiestogettoknownewpeople

C.digitalcommunicationisreplacingreal-lifefriendships

D.itiseasytoescapefromhelpingtheirfriendsiftheylike

问题3选项

A.makesusworkmoreeffectively

B.lacksnon-verbalinteraction

C.helpspeopletodeveloptrust

D.facilitatesworkplacecooperation

问题4选项

A.Digitalcommunicationishurtingpersonalrelationship.

B.Onlinenetworkingmaytaketheplaceofofflinerelationship.

C.Newmediacontributelesstofosteringrealfriendship.

D.Real-lifemeetingscanbreedtrustamongstudents.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】17.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.（在杜克大学的一项研究中，研究人员发现，从1985年到2004年，说找不到可以一起讨论重要事情的人的比例增加了两倍，达到25%；同样的研究发现，总体而言，美国人的朋友和知己比几十年前少了三分之一。），说明杜克大学的研究发现和以前相比，人们的朋友更少，更孤立。因此C选项“人们可能会感到比以前更加孤立”正确。A选项“人们会变得比以前更害羞、更胆小”，B选项“人们的同情心往往不如以前了”，D选项“人们更喜欢在网上与人交流”均不属于杜克大学的研究发现内容，所以A，B，D错误。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.（密歇根大学的研究人员最近进行的另一项研究发现，与上一代人相比，如今的大学生明显缺乏同情心。心理学家推测，原因可能与我们越来越依赖数字交流和其他形式的新媒体有关。），说明人们变得缺乏同情心的原因是越来越依赖线上交流。因此C选项“数字交流正在取代现实生活中的朋友关系”正确。A选项“在现实生活中培养友谊是非常具有挑战性的事情”，B选项“他们有更多的机会认识新朋友”，D选项“如果他们想的话，可以轻松逃避帮助朋友”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

19.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“leancommunication”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“leancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.（诺斯克拉夫特说，像电子邮件和视频会议这样的高科技沟通方式，有时被认为是“低效沟通”，因为它们很少有眼神交流和人们可以依赖的姿势等线索，它们剥夺了培养信任所需的人际互动。），说明“