考研考博-英语-北京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京中医药大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity,Mr.Browniscertainlyonthe（

）ofabrilliantcareer.

问题1选项

A.porch

B.threshold

C.edge

D.course

【答案】B

【解析】考察介词短语搭配。没有ontheporch这个搭配，排除选项A；onthethreshold“即将开始”；ontheedgeof“在……的边缘”；onthecourseof“在……的过程中”。句意：作为学校里最年轻的教授，布朗先生正处在辉煌事业的开始阶段。选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

I’mtooignorantaboutsuchmatters;Iamnotqualifiedtocomment,butitseemstomesomebodywhohasstudiedataprestigiousuniversityabroadcouldn’tbeasbadasyousay.

问题1选项

A.profound

B.civilized

C.well-known

D.conventional

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项profound“深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的”；B选项civilized“文明的；有礼貌的”；C选项well-known“著名的；众所周知的”；D选项conventional“传统的；惯例的”。句意：我对这类事情太无知了，所以我没有资格评论，但在我看来，一个在国外……大学学习过的人不可能像你说的那么差。由后面的名词university“大学”，可排除A，B选项，因为它们常用来形容人，而非事物。由后面的信息couldn’tbeasbadasyousay“不能如你说的那样糟糕”，由此可知在他眼里那个人至少应该是优秀的，大多情况下优秀的人会考上声望很高的大学。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Theevilmannerswouldbe（

）rootandbranchduetotheforcefulactiontakenbythelocalgovernment.

问题1选项

A.exterminated

B.exemplified

C.facilitated

D.emitted

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意:由于地方政府的强力措施，坏习惯会终究被根除。

exterminate消灭；根除。exemplify例证；例示。facilitate促进；帮助；使容易。emit发出，放射；发行；发表。

4.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我们要树立必胜信念、继续埋头苦干，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，着力推进结构性改革，着力推进改革开放，着力促进社会公平正义，着力营造政治上的绿水青山，为全面建成小康社会决胜阶段开好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

5.单选题

Theboredomanddeepcontemptforhisworkmustresultfromtheworker’srelationshiptohisworkwhichiscompletely（）ofhumanity.

问题1选项

A.devoid

B.desolate

C.destitute

D.derelict

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。devoid“缺乏的”；desolate“荒凉的”;destitute“贫困的”；derelict“荒废的”。前面提到“他对工作的无聊和深深的蔑视源于工作关系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作关系”符合语境，因此选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

WithtrafficconstantlyontheincreaseinthestreetsofBeijing,themetroisthebestwaytogetaroundthecityduringrushhours，howeverthecrowdsinthemetrotrainsarenowalsoa

problem.

问题1选项

A.getaroundthecity

B.constantlyontheincrease

C.getaroundthecity

D.hours，however

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】句子连接错误。however后面加逗号。however在句子中表示"然而",表示转折时,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

7.翻译题

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

2．行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

3．自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

4．自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主的人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。

8.单选题

Inthenewcabinet’budget,aproportionof3percentisfixedforthefeedingand（

）ofthosebelowthepovertyline.

问题1选项

A.unemployment

B.dwelling

C.exploitation

D.evolving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。unemployment“失业”；dwelling“住处，寓所”；exploitation“开发，开采，剥削”；evolving“演变，进化”。

句意：在新内阁的预算中，3%的预算用于为那些在贫困线以下的人提供食物和住处。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.obsolete

B.aggressive

C.harmonious

D.amiable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。obsolete“陈旧的，过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导……爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。

10.单选题

Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead（

）frombehind.

问题1选项

A.shouldhavebeenmade

B.musthavebeenmade

C.wouldhavebeenmade

D.oughttohavebeenmade

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法中情态动词表推测的用法。A项shouldhavedone表示“本该做某事（其实没做）”；B项musthavedone表示“—定做了某事”；C项wouldhavedone表示“将会做某事”，常用于表达虚拟语气；D项oughttohavedone表示“本该做某事”，比shouldhavedone语气强，意思为根据责任或者义务应该做。句意：警察宣称受害者头上的伤一定是从后面猛击造成的。故本题正确答案为B项。

11.单选题

Thenextfewdecadeswillseegreatchangesinthewayenergyissuppliedandused.Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached,andthereareincreasingfearsofglobalwarning.Consequently,manycountriesarefocusingontheswitchtoalowcarboneconomy.Thistransitionwillleadtomajorchangesinthesupplyanduseofelectricitytopowertheirhomesandvehicles.Secondly,therewillbeanincreaseinpowergeneration,notonlyintermsofhowmuchisgenerated,butalsohowitisgenerated,asthereisgrowingelectricitygenerationfromrenewablesources.Tomeetthesechallenges,countriesareinvestinginSmartGridtechnology.Thissystemaimstoprovidetheelectricityindustrywithabetterunderstandingofpowergenerationanddemand,andtousethisinformationtocreateamoreefficientpowernetwork.

SmartGirdtechnologybasicallyinvolvestheapplicationofacomputersystemtotheelectricitynetwork.Thecomputersystemcanbeusedtocollectinformationaboutsupplyanddemandandimproveengineer’sabilitytomanagethesystem.Withbetterinformationaboutelectricitydemand,thenetworkwillbeabletoincreasetheamountofelectricitydeliveredperunitgenerated,leadingtopotentialreductionsinfuelneedsandcarbonemissions.Moreover,thecomputersystemwillassistinreducingoperationalandmaintenancecosts.

SmartGridtechnologyoffersbenefitstotheconsumertoo.Theywillbeabletocollectreal-timeinformationontheirenergyuseforeachappliance.Varyingtariffsthroughoutthedaywillgivecustomerstheincentivetouseappliancesattimeswhensupplygreatlyexceedsdemand,leadingtogreatreductionsinbills.Forexample,theymayusetheirwashingmachinesatnight.Smartmeterscanalsobeconnectedtotheinternetortelephonesystem,allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely.Furthermore,ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid.

Withthesechangescomesarangeofchallenges.Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand.Sourcesofrenewableenergy,suchaswind,waveandsolar,arenotoriouslyunpredictable,andnuclearpower,whichisalsosettoincreaseasnationsswitchtoalternativeenergysources,isinflexible.Withoilandgas,itisrelativelysimpletoincreasethesupplyofenergytomatchtheincreasingdemandduringpeaktimesofthedayoryear.Withalternativesources,thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse.Potentialsolutionsincludeinvestigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergyandencouragingconsumerstouseelectricityatoff-peaktimes.

Asecondproblemisthefactthatmanyrenewablepowergenerationsourcesarelocatedinremoteareas,suchaswindyuplandsandcoastalregions,wherethereiscurrentlyalackofelectricaltechnology,thiscanbedonemoreefficientlybyreducingthereinforcementorconstructioncosts.AlthoughSmartTechnologyisstillinitsinfancy,pilotschemestopromoteandtestitarealreadyunderway.Consumersarecurrentlytestingthenewsmartmeterswhichcanbeusedintheirhomestomanageelectricityuse.Therearealsoanumberofdemonstrationsbeingplannedtoshowhowthesmarttechnologycouldpracticallywork,andtrialsareinplacetotestthenewelectricalinfrastructure.Itislikelythattechnologywillbeaddedin‘layers’startingwith‘quickwin’methodswhichwillprovideinitialcarbonsavings,tobefollowedbymoreadvancedsystemsatalaterdate.Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse.ItisherewhereSmartTechnologyislikelytobepromotedfirst,utilisingarangeofsustainablepowersourcestransportsolutionsandaninfrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles.Theinfrastructureisalreadychangingfast.Bytheyear2050,changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathashappenedinsomeoilproducingcountries?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofmartGirdtechnologytoconsumers?

3.Whatistheproblemwithusingrenewablesourcesofpoweraccordingtothearticle?

4.Inparagraph5,whatcanbeinferredaboutcitiesinthefuture?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanbeinferredabouttheintroductionofSmartGirdTechnology?

问题1选项

A.Theyareunwillingtoselltheiroilanymore.

B.Theyarenotproducingasmuchoilastheyusedto.

C.Thesupplyofoilisunpredictable.

D.Globalwarmingismoreseverherethaninothercountries.

问题2选项

A.Itcanreducetheirelectricitybills.

B.Itcantellthemhowmuchenergyeachapplianceisusing.

C.Itcanallowthemtoturnappliancesonandoffwhentheyarenotathome.

D.Itcanreducetheamountofenergyneededtopowerappliances.

问题3选项

A.Theydonotprovidemuchenergy.

B.Theyoftencausesystemfailureandblackouts.

C.Theydonotsupplyacontinuousflowofenergy.

D.Theycan’tbeusedatoff-peaktimes.

问题4选项

A.Morepeoplewillbelivingincitiesinthefuturethannowadays.

B.Peopleincitieswillbeusingcarsandbusespoweredbyelectricity.

C.Allbuildingswillgeneratetheirownelectricity.

D.SmartGridtechnologywillonlybeavailableincities.

问题5选项

A.Thetechnologieswhichproducemostbenefitswillbeintroducedfirst.

B.Thecheapesttechnologieswillintroducesfirst.

C.Thetechnologieswhicharemostdifficulttoputintoplacewillbeintroducedfirst.

D.Technologicallyadvancedsystemswillbeintroducedfirst.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Insomemajoroilproducingnations,“peakoil”hasalreadybeenreached”，在一些主要的石油生产国，“石油峰值”已经达到。由此可知，选项A“他们不愿意再卖他们的石油了”，选项C“石油的供应是不可预测的”，选项D“全球变暖在这里比在其他国家更加严重”均与文章不符,因此B选项正确。

第2题:2.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“leadingtogreatreductionsinbills”，导致电费大幅减少；“allowingcustomerstoswitchappliancesonoroffremotely”，让消费者可以远程启动或关闭家用电器；“ofhousesarefittedwiththeapparatustogeneratetheirownpower,appliancescanbesettorundirectlyfromtheon-sitepowersource,andanyexcesscanbesoldtothegrid”，配备这一装置的房间，可以自行发电，家用电器就可以直接依靠这一电源运转，而多余的电量则可以出售给电网。由此可知，选项A“它可以减少他们的电费”，选项C“当他们不在家的时候，它可以让他们远程打开和关闭电器”，选项D“它可以减少电力设备所需的总电量”均与文章相符,而选项B“可以测试出每一个家用电器使用中的电量”，文章未提及。因此B选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第四段“Thefirstinvolvesmanagingthesupplyanddemand”，首先是管理供给和需求的问题；“Sourcesofrenewableenergy...arenotoriouslyunpredictable”，可再生能源的来源是很难把握或预测的；“thisisfarmoredifficult,andmayleadtoblackoutsorsystemcollapse”更加困难的是，可能导致停电或系统崩溃；“investigatingnewandefficientwaystostoreenergy”，研究出新的且有效的方法就是存储能源。由此可知，选项A“它们不提供太多能量源”，选项B“它们经常导致系统故障和停电”，选项D“他们在非高峰时段不能使用”均与文章不符,因此C选项正确。

第4题:4.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第五段“Citiesareprimecandidatesforinvestmentintosmartenergy,duetothehighpopulationdensityandhighenergyuse”，由于城市的高人口密度和高耗能，他们将是推广智能能源的首选目标；“...infrastructureforchangingelectricallypoweredvehicles”，提升基础设施建设，如改变汽车的电源供给方式。由此可知，选项A“将来住在城市的人会比现在多”，选项C“所有的建筑都会自行发电”，选项D“智能电网技术只能在城市使用”均与文章不符，因此B选项正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。题干的意思是问“根据作者所述，关于智能网格技术的引入，我们可以推断出什么?”。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段.“changesintheenergysupplywillhavetransformedourhomes,ourroadsandourbehavior”，智能供电方式的转变将会改变我们的家、我们的道路以及我们的行为。由此可知，选项B“最便宜的技术将首先引入”，选项C“首先引进最难实施的技术”，选项D“首先引进技术先进的系统”均与文章不符，因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Iftheseshoesaretoobig,asktheclerktobringyouasmaller（）.

问题1选项

A.pair

B.suit

C.one

D.set

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些鞋太大了，请店员给你拿一双更小的。结合语境，由前文谈及“这些鞋子”，即应该是成对的，故应该用“一双”，则A为正确答案。

13.单选题

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthat“socialepidemics”aredriveninlargepartbytheactionsofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformedpersuasive,orwellconnected.Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends.

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon’tseemtoberequiredatall.

Theresearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobservationaboutsocialinfluence:WiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon’tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemics,byinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttodegreeremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexample,thecascadeofchangewon’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.

56.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto______.

57.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”______.

58.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat______.

59.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inParagraph4referstotheoneswho______.

60.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

问题1选项

A.analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

B.discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

C.exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

D.describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

问题2选项

A.servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

B.hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

C.haswonsupportfrominfluentials

D.requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

问题3选项

A.thepowerofinfluencesgoeswithsocialinteractions

B.interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

C.influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

D.mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

问题4选项

A.stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

B.havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

C.areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

D.areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

问题5选项

A.Theeagernesstobeaccepted.

B.Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers.

C.Thereadinesstobeinfluenced.

D.Theinclinationtorelyonothers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“通过引用《引爆点》一书，作者想要……”。第一段最后一句指出Theideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.（这个想法在直觉上很有说服力，但它并没有解释这种想法实际上是如何传播的），可推断作者引用这本书是想要讨论影响者在传播思想中发挥的作用，故B项“讨论影响者在传播思想中的作用”正确。A项“分析社会流行病的后果”和C项“举例说明人们对社会流行病的直觉反应”在文中没有提及；D项“描述影响者的基本特征”这是文章的细节描述，不够概括作者的总体主旨。因此，该题选择B项正确。

57.推理判断题。题干意思是“作者认为‘两级传播理论’……”。第二段第一句提到Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible-soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe“two-stepflowofcommunication”（人们认为有影响力的人很重要，这源于一个听起来貌似合理但基本上未经验证的理论，即“两级传播理论”）可知，作者认为这个理论听起来合理但没有经过验证，即没有可靠的证据支持，所以D项“对于它的有效性需要可靠的证据”符合题意。第二段第二句提到Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.（营销人员已经接受了两级传播，因为它表明，如果他们能找到并影响那些有影响力的人，这些被选中的人就会为他们做大部分工作），接着第三段指出Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.（然而，在他们最近的工作中，一些研究人员发现，影响者对社会流行的影响远比一般认为的要小）可知，“两级传播理论”在营销中的作用不大，A项“是作为营销问题的解决方案”不符合原文；根据第二段第三句Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,orneighborhoods.（这一理论似乎也解释了某些外观、品牌或社区的突然和意外的流行）中的seems（似乎）可知，作者不太认为该理论解释了某些流行趋势发生的原因，故B项“已经帮助解释了某些流行趋势”错误；C项“赢得了有影响力的人的支持”在文中没有提及。因此，该题选择D项正确。

58.推理判断题。题干意思是“研究人员最近的观察表明……”。第四段第三句指出Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon.（但是，要使一种社会流行潮真正形成，每一个受影响的人必须接着去影响他或她的熟人，这些熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环下去），由此可以推断，影响是通过不断与人互动接触而传播的，故A项“影响的力量与社会互动有关”符合题意。B项“通过媒体可以加强人际联系”、C项“有影响力的人有更多的渠道接触公众”和D项“大多数名人都受到媒体的广泛关注”都没有提到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

59.推理判断题。题干意思是“第四段中下划线的短语‘thesepeople’指的是哪些人？”。根据题干定位到第四段第三句andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.（这些人中的每个人能得到多少人的关注与最初的有影响力的人没有多大关系），通过该句的上文Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon（但是，要使一种社会流行潮真正形成，每一个受影响的人必须接着去影响他或她的熟人，这些熟人再去影响他们的熟人，如此循环下去）可知，thesepeople指的是“受到影响再去影响别人的人”，所以C项“受到影响，然后再影响他人的人”正确，且D项“受到最初的影响的人”与原文不符合；A项“远离社会影响的网络的人”和B项“与影响力的来源接触很少的人”在该处未提到。因此，该题选择C项正确。

60.推理判断题。题干意思是“什么是社会影响动态中的基本要素？”。根据文章最后一句Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatiscalled“globalcascades”—thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks—isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.（他们发现，所谓的“全球级联”——即影响力通过网络广泛传播——的主要要求不是存在少数有影响力的人，而是存在一大批容易受影响的人）可知，要传播社会影响，主要要求是需要存在愿意受影响的人，故C项“愿意受影响”正确；A项“渴望被接受”、B项“影响他人的冲动”和D项“依赖他人的倾向”都不符合原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

14.单选题

OntheafternoonofJuly2,1936,NaziSSleaderHeinrichHimmlerandacoterieofhisseniorofficersparadedonfootthroughthewindingcobblestonestreetsofQuedlinburg,oneofthemostperfectlypreservedmedievalcitiesinallEurope.Himmler’sstaffhadbeenplanningthetriptothesmallcityincentralGermanyforweeks.Theyorderedthestreetstobecleanedandtheoldhousesalongthemainthoroughfarestobepainted.TheydrapedNazibannersfromtherooftopsandgarlandsalongthewalls.TheyrehearsedtheSSband,drilledthelocalchapterofHitlerYouthandarrangedforanSSphotographertorecordtheproceedingsfrombeginningtoend.Nothingofimportancewasoverlooked.

Dressedinashinyblackhelmet,immaculateblackuniformandtallblackboots,Himmlermadehiswayupthecity’sCastleHill.Paleandanemic-looking,withaspindlyframeandaheadoneortwosizestoosmallforhisbody,helookedstrangelyoutofplaceamonghisentourageoftall,athletic-lookingSSmen.HestoppedtoadmireQuedlinburg’ssplendidstonecastle,thenproceededtoitslargemedievalcathedral—theultimateobjectofhispilgrimage.HimmlerdespisedChristianity,areligionthatpreachedcompassionfortheweakandthebrotherhoodofallmenandacceptedaJewasthesonofGod.ButtheQuedlinburgcathedralguardedsomethingofimmenseimportancetohim—thetombofanobscure10th-centuryGermanking,HeinrichI.

Himmlerwasenthralledbyancienthistory,andhewantedallSSmentosharehispassion.Indeed,heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich.HeviewedHeinrichIasagreatleaderwhocouldserveasamodelforAdolfHitlerandplannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine.HimmlerstoodatthefootofthecryptandgaveaspeechexhortinghisofficerstopaycarefulheedtoGermany’sproudancientpast,“Justasatreewithersifitsrootsareremoved,soapeoplefalliftheydonothonortheirancestors,”helaterwarned.

Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.EvensomeseniorNazispokedfunathisardorforhistory.AsAlbertSpeer,Hitler’sformerchiefarchitect,jeeredafterthewar,Himmler“washalfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.ButHimmlerwasdeadlyseriousaboutreturningtheThirdReichtothelostgoldenageofhisimagination.In1935hefoundedalargeSSresearchinstitute,employingmorethan100GermanscholarstostudythepastandhelptutorSSmeninthewaysoftheirancestors.Withsuchresearch,heintendedtotransformvaststretchesoftheReichintomedievalfiefdomsruledbySSlords,aplanhebeganactingonbeforethewar.Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplannerwhoworkeddiligentlytowardthissinisterfutureinmuchthesametirelesswaythathelaboredoncreatingtheconcentrationcampsystemandimplementinga“finalsolution”.Indeed,thesewerethetwinpolesofhisexistence,theyinandyangofhisworld:thesqualid,crowdedcampsandthesunnySSfarmvillages.

Himmlersetaboutconstructingthisfutureinthreeways.Herecruitedtall,blond-hairedmentotheSSinordertoscientificallyrebreedwhathebelievedwasaprimevalmasterrace.Withthehelpofhisresearchers,heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices.Andbeforethewarstarted,hebeganinstallingSSfamiliesin“feudal”villagesofnewlyfabricatedmedieval-stylehouses.HeplannedtocreatethousandsoftheseantiquecoloniesinconqueredlandsacrossEasternEurope.Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire.Thiswassocialengineeringinitsmostswaggering,arrogantform—utopianismgonehorriblywrong.ButHimmler,whorosetobecomethesecondmostpowerfulmanintheReichbyearly1945asHitler’shealthfailed,follyintendedtocarryoutthatplanifNaziGermanywonthewar.OnlycrushingdefeatbytheAlliesstoppedhim.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisclosestinmeaningto“coterie”？

2.WhichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribeshowHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast?

3.Fromthispassage,itisclearthatHimmlerprimarilyintended（

）.

4.ForAlbertSpeerHimmlerwas“halfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.Inwhichofthefollowingisthemeaningofthisquoteclosest?

5.Fortheauthor,Himmlerwouldbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Aselectedgroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotherfrequently.

B.Alargenumberofpersonswithwhomonemightmeetonsocialoccasions.

C.Anindiscriminategroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotheronrareoccasions.

D.Alargenumberofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanothertodiscusspoliticalmatters.

问题2选项

A.Esotericcultandpractices.

B.Eccentricapproach.

C.Catatonicstate.

D.Histrionicdisorder.

问题3选项

A.tobringancientagriculturalpracticesinto20thcenturyGermany

B.toreturntoaprosperouseraduringwhichtheGermanpeoplelivedinidealhappiness

C.toencouragethedevelopmentofmulticulturalisminameltingpotsociety

D.toeliminateallthosewhocouldhavethreatenedhisrisetopower

问题4选项

A.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastwasregardedasabsurd.

B.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedintenserivalryamongotherprominentNazileaders.

C.Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedwidespreademulationamongstotherprominentNazileaders.

D.OthershadtheprivilegeofstudyingtheaweinspiringbreadthanddepthofHimmler’