考研考博-英语-保定学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-保定学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thelong-termfortunesofthemoderneconomydependinpartonthestrengthandsustainabilityofthefamily,bothinrelationtofertilitytrendsandtomarriagetrends.Thisbasic,butoftenover-looked,principleisnowatworkinthecurrentglobaleconomiccrisis.

Thedeclineofmarriageandfertilityisonefactorintheglobaleconomiccrisis.Thatis,onereasonthatsomeoftheworld’sleadingeconomies—fromJapantoItalytoSpaintotheeurozoneasawhole——arefacingfiscalchallengesisthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades.Persistentsub-replacementfertilityeventuallytranslatesintofewerworkersrelativetoretirees,whichputstremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole.Indeed,onerecentstudyfindsthatalmosthalfoftherecentrun-upinpublicdebtintheWestcanbeattributedtorapidagingoverthelasttwodecades.

EvenChinamayseeitssky-highgrowthcomedowntoearthinthenextfewdecadesasitsworkforceshrinks”becauseofitsone-childpolicy,asCarlosGavalleandIarguedinarecentreport,TheSustainableDemographicDividend.Bycontrast,arecentRandstudysuggeststhatIndiawillhavemorefavorabledemographicsthanChina”overthenextfewdecades,insofarasitsworkforceispoisedtogrow.Infact,theRandstudysuggeststhatIndiamaybeabletousethisdemographicad-vantagetooutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratesbytheendofthecentury.

Finally,it’snotjustfertilitythatmatters;it’salsomarriage.AtleastintheWest,childrenaremorelikelytoacquirethehumanandsocialcapitaltheyneedtothriveinthemoderneconomywhentheyareraisedinanintact,marriedfamilyintheU.S.,forinstance,childrenaremorelikelytograduatefromhighschool,completecollegeandbegainfullyemployedasyoungadultsiftheywereraisedinanintact,marriedfamily.

Andaroundtheglobe,menaremorelikelytogivetheirworktheirfullesteffortandattentionwhentheyaremarried；thisisonereasonmenworldwideenjoy“marriagepremiums”intheirin-come,rangingfromabout14percent(Mexico)to19percent(UnitedStates)to35percent(Rus-sia).So,atleastwhenitcomestomen，researchsuggeststhatmarriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity.

Thebottom-linemessageisthatwhathappensinthehomedoesnotstayathome;rather,thesizeoffamilies，andtheirstabilityandquality，hasimportantimplicationsforthehealthoftheglobale-conomy.

1.Themainideaofthispassageisthat（）.

2.Onereasonthattheworld’sleadingeconomiesarefacingfiscalchallengesisthat（）.

3.“...itsworkforceispoisedtogrow”(Para.3)probablymeans（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthat（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,allthefollowingcanaffecteconomyEXCEPT（）

问题1选项

A.womenshouldbearmorechildreninordertoboosttheeconomy

B.bothmarriageandfertilityaffectacountry’seconomy

C.marriagehasimportantimplicationsforworkerproductivity

D.IndiawilloutpaceChina’seconomicgrowthratebytheendofthecentury

问题2选项

A.thereisaglobaleconomiccrisisinrecentyears

B.therearefewerbabies,andconsequently,peoplespendlessonmanycommodities

C.peopleinthesecountrieshavefewerchildrenthanneededtoreplacethepopulationformanyyears

D.therearetremendousstrainsonpubliccoffersandtheeconomyasawhole

问题3选项

A.itsworkforcepausestogrow

B.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowfast

C.itsworkforcecontinuestogrowsteadily

D.itsworkforcegrowsslowly

问题4选项

A.childrenfromanintact,marriedfamilyaremorelikelytohaveabetterlife

B.themorepeopleacountryhas,thestrongereconomyitwillhave

C.thehealthoftheglobaleconomydependsentirelyonindividualfamilies

D.menarelikelytoworkharderwhentheyaregoingtohavechildren

问题5选项

A.thesizeoffamilies

B.thestabilityoffamilies

C.thequalityoffamilies

D.menandwomenratiowithinthefamilies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。本文开篇指出：现代经济发展取决于家庭力量和承受力，也与生育和婚姻趋势密切相关。因此，B项（婚姻和生育都会影响一个国家的经济）正确。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词“fiscalchallenges”定位至第二段：onereason...isthattheirfertilityrateshavebeenbelowreplacementlevels(2.1childrenperwoman)fordecades（一个重要原因在于生育率低于替代水平）。因此，C项（这些国家的人民多年来没有足够的子女来取代人口）正确。

3.语义题。根据题干定位至第三段。第三段指出：中国独生子女政策使人口增长放缓，而印度人口还在快速增长，因此，C项（劳动力持续稳定增长）正确。

4.细节题。第四段指出：当孩子们在一个完好无损的已婚家庭长大时，更有可能从高中毕业，完成大学学业，并作为年轻人获得丰厚的就业机会。因此推断,选项A（来自完好无损的已婚家庭的孩子更有可能过上更好的生活）正确。

5.细节题。最后一段指出，影响全球经济的其他因素还有家庭大小、稳定性和家庭关系和谐度，分别对应A、B、C选项，因此D项除外。

2.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

3.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（）themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。结合句意，A选项正确。

4.单选题

Hadelectroniccomputersnotbeeninvented,manyproblemsofspaceflight（）.

问题1选项

A.couldnothavebeensolved

B.couldbesolved

C.cannotbesolved

D.couldnothavesolved

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气,从句为过去完成时,主句应用现在完成时,首先排除选项B和C。problem和solve之间是被动关系,所以选项A正确。

5.单选题

Butsheis______;she’lltakeallworriesaboutthehouseoffyourhands.

问题1选项

A.effective

B.efficient

C.effectual

D.officious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项effective“有效的，起作用的”，B项efficient“有效率的，有能力的，生效的”，指毫不浪费时间、金钱或精力的做好某事；C项effectual“奏效的；会应验的”，指产生预期的结果；D项officious“摆官架子的，爱管闲事的”。根据句子后面部分的内容“她会帮你卸下所有关于房子的担忧”可知，空格处填入B项最符合语境。句意：但是她很有能力，她会帮你卸下所有关于房子的担忧。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.案例题

BarbieDolls

Flashyclothes,theperfectboyfriend,aCorvette,Ferrari,fullsizeapartmentwithbeautifulfurnitureandaboat.She'sthewomanwhohaseverythingandeveryyearreceivesmore.Sinceherintroductionin1959,theBarbiedollmaybethemostinfluentialiconofAmericancultureinthelatetwentiethcentury.

（1）.Sheattractedlittlegirlsbecauseofheradult-likefeatures.Beforethis,childrenlookedattoyslikeYogiBear,HowdyDoody,andbabydollsforinspiration.Withthecreationof»Barbie,girlsnowhadanewtoytostimulatetheirimaginations.

Inthe1950smostwomenstayedathome,cooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirchildren;theydidn'tparadearoundintightlittleskirtsandhighheels.TheBarbiedollrepresentedindependenceandglamourshecouldsingsolosinthespotlightoneminuteandpilotanairplanethenext.ShewasexcitingandcompletelydifferentfromtheclingingBetsyWestsysandChattyCathysthatlittlegirlswereusedto.

InForeverBarbie:theUnauthorizedBiographyofaRealDoll,MG.LordtellsthestoryofBarbie'screators.RuthHandler,theyoungestoftensiblings（同胞）,workedasastenographerforParamountPicturesasayoungwoman.HerhusbandElliottdesignedlightfixturesandstudiedart.

（2）.TheHandlersbeganthefactoryintheirgaragebutquicklyexpandeduntiltheyhadhiredahundredworkerswhomadejewelryanddecorativeitems.WorldWarIIshortagesoflaborsoonputthemoutofbusiness.

Despitetheirfirstfailure,theHandlersdidn'tgiveupand,in1945,theyjoinedwithHaroldMatson,aformerworker,andtogetherthethreestarted"MattelCreations".Matson'slastnamealongwithElliot'swasfusedtogethertoformthenameMattel.

In1946,Matsonsoldouthisshare.TheHandlerswerenotdiscouraged,though,becauseoftheirstrongbeliefinfuturisticmaterialssuchasPlexiglas,Luciteandplastic.Theycontinued,lookingfortheperfectitemtomaketheircompanyasuccess.Littledidtheyknowthattheirpersistencewouldleadthemtoestablishamulti-millioncompanyinitiatedbytherevolutionaryBarbiedoll.

RuthHandlerfirstencounteredthemodelforBarbiein1955whilevacationinginSwitzerlandwithherfamily.TheLillidoll,acomiccharacterfromGermany,wasusuallyfoundintobaccostoresasathreedimensional（三维的）pinup（挂在墙上的照片,玩偶等）.Ruthbroughtbacktwodolls,oneforherdaughterBarbara,andoneforherself.

（3）.Handlerrecalls:"ThroughtheirplayBarbaraimaginedtheirlivesasadults.Theyusedthedollstoreflecttheadultworldaroundthem.Theywouldsitandcarryonconversations,makingthedollsrealpeople.Ithoughtifonlywecouldtakethisplaypatternandthreedimensionalizeit,wewouldhavesomethingveryspecial."

BarbiedebutedattheAmericanToyFairinNewYorkCityinthewinterof1959.Butinherunseasonableblack-and-whitestripedswimsuit,thedolldidnotimpresstoybuyers.EvenScars,Mattersbiggestcustomer,refusedtoputthesexydollontheirshelves.LordsaysitwasMattel'sadvertisingstrategyaimedatthechildrenthatfinallypavedthewayforBarbie'ssuccess.

The1950swasabigdecadeforchildculture.DisneylandhadopenedinJulyof1955,andWaltDisney'sMickeyMouseClubtelevisionserieswasahitforchildrenundertheageof12.ManufacturersandretailershadaimedtoyadvertisingatparentsinthepastwiththefocusduringChristmasseason.Butoncechildrenactuallysawtoysadvertisedontelevision,toysbecameabigbusiness.Televisionadvertisementswiththechild-as-a-consumerrevolutionizedthetoyindustryinthetwentiethcentury.

Barbiewasafantasy.Inabordercityitwasraretoencounterawhite,blue-eyedperson."Maybethat'swhyIwassoattractedtoher."Mostlittlegirlscouldn'twaittogettheirhandsonBarbiebecausetheyhadneverencounteredadollwithsuchanenormouswardrobe.

AngelaLoya,anengineerandBarbiecollectorfromHouston,idolizedBarbiebecauseofherindependence.Shesaidinaninterview,"Barbiewasdesignedforwomenbywomen.Ittaughtuswhatwasexpectedfromusbysociety.Shehaditall...theclothes,theboyfriendandwhatevercareershewanted.Shewasthesymbolofpost-warfemaleindependence."

（4）.LordquotesRuthHandlerassaying,"Pregnancy（怀孕）wouldneverbepartofBarbie'sphysique,becauseBarbiewouldnotcompromiseherfreedom.Justasshedidnotdependonparents,shewouldnothaveoffspringdependentonher."

Barbie'ssexyimagealsoraisedquestionsamongbothchildrenandparents.ManyparentsstilldidnottalkaboutsextotheirchildrenandnakedbabydollsusuallydidnotsparkgreatinterestBarbiedollschangedthis.

Some700millionBarbiedollshavebeensoldsince1959inover140countries.Yearlysalesexceededthe$1billionmarkin1993.RetailexpertsestimatethatthetypicalAmericangirlownsanaverageofeightBarbiedolls.AndthedollhasherownHallofFameinPaloAlto,California,whereacollectionofover20,000Barbiesawaitsvisitors.

（5）.Achild'simaginationcantakeBarbieanywhere.Sheeasilycanbeadoctorbysimplyconvertingherhotpinkkitchenintoanoperatingroom.Tissueboxesandpackingcartonsmakegreatfurnitureandapartmentcomplexes.Achildreallydoesn'tneedthefancycarsordollhousestomakeherdreamscomealive:allthatisreallyneededisanimagination.

A.Barbie'sbiographerremindsusthatshewasnotdefinedthroughrelationshipsofresponsibilitytomenorfamily.

B.Barbie,namedaftertheHandlers'daughter,hasbecomethequintessential（典型的）Americandoll.

C.Barbie'ssuccessmaybeattributedtothefocusonchildrenasconsumersforthefirsttime.

D.AsecondcontributingfactortotherealizationofthisdollevolvedfromRuthwatchingherdaughterandfriendsplaywithpaperdolls.

E.In1937,theyhadmovedfromColoradotoCaliforniawheretheygambledtheirlifesavingsonaplantobuildPlexiglasfurniture.

Directions：Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1〜5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatoetofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

【答案】（1）C

（2）E

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】

1.根据填空处下文的内容可知,在芭比娃娃问世之前,孩子们的玩具是瑜伽熊,胡迪木偶和布娃娃。随着芭比娃娃的诞生,女孩们现在有了一种新的玩具来激发她们的想象力。由此可以推断填空处内容应该和孩子相关,所以选项C芭比娃娃的成功可能要归功于它首次将儿童作为消费者,符合原文逻辑。

2.根据原文可知,本段主要讲的是芭比创造者Handler夫妇的故事。和他们相关的只有选项E。

3.根据下文的内容：Handler回忆说:"通过游戏芭芭拉把自己和朋友想象为成年人。他们用娃娃来反映他们周围的成人世界,他们会坐下来进行对话,把洋娃娃当成真人。我想如果我们能把这个游戏模式三维化,我们就会有非常特别的东西。"填空处应该和孩子们玩的游戏相关,所以选项D正确。

4.根据下文的内容：怀孕绝不会成为芭比体形的一部分,因为芭比娃娃不会拿她的自由妥协。正如她不依靠父母,她也不会拥有依赖她的后代。也就是说芭比不是通过对男性或家庭的责任关系来定义的。选项A正确。

5.最后一段的首句是总结句。芭比娃娃现在已经成为典型的美国洋娃娃。选项B正确。

7.单选题

Tomajorinastrophysicsyouneedanextramathcourse.

问题1选项

A.Togethighergradesinastrophysics.

B.Tofinishyourastrophysicspaper.

C.Tospecializeinastrophysics.

D.Tobetterunderstandtheastrophysicscourse.

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。题目中majorin表示“主修；专攻”，A选项为“在天体物理学上取得更高的成就”；B选项为“完成你的天体物理学论文”；C选项为“以天体物理学为专业；专攻天体物理学”；D选项为“更好地了解天体物理学课程”。句意：要主修天体物理学，你就得再选择一个数学课。因此，正确答案是C项。

8.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域，在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等方面采取措施，实现公平竞争。依法加强监督和管理，促进非公有制经济健康发展，完善保护私人财产的法律制度。

【答案】Weshouldgivefullplaytotheimportantroleofthenon-publicsectorofeconomy,includingindividualandprivatesectors,inpromotingeconomygrowth,expandingemploymentandenliveningthemarket.Wewillrelaxmarketaccessfordomesticprivatecapitalandtakemeasuresininvestmentandfinancing,taxation,landuseandforeigntradetoleveltheplayingfield.Wewillstrengthensupervisionandmanagementinaccordancewiththelaw,promotethehealthydevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy,andimprovethelegalsystemforprotectingprivateproperty.

9.单选题

Thebillwaspassedunanimouslyasaresultoftheintensivelobbyingofsomesenators.

问题1选项

A.withoutanyobjections

B.intheultimate

C.inthebackgroundt

D.againstheavyodds

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。unanimously表示“全体一致地”；A项withoutanyobjections“没有任何异议”，B项intheultimate“终于”，C项inthebackground“在后面，在幕后”，D项againstheavyodds“敌众我寡”。句意：由于一些参议员的大力游说，这项法案获得一致通过。根据句意可知，“一致”相当于“没有任何异议”，故该题选择A项正确。

10.单选题

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

问题1选项

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

问题2选项

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

问题3选项

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

问题4选项

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

问题5选项

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。A选项“描述统计和推理统计的缺点”不符合题意。B选项“推理统计学的应用”，推理统计学只是统计学的一类，不符合题意。选项D“使用描述性统计学”跟选项B类似，描述性统计学也只是统计学的一类。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。

2.形容词词义辨析题。由题干关键字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。可知A选项“different”（不同的）正确。B选项“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C选项“recorded”（记录的）排除。D选项“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意图题。由题干关键字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻译为：统计学有一个“母亲”，她致力于井井有条地记录政府机构的文件（国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status），还有一个有绅士般的赌博“父亲”，他依靠数学来提高技巧，以便在几率的游戏中获胜。由中文大意得知，选项D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由题干关键字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻译为：数据可能代表定性变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型。可以得知B选项“height”没有提及，所以B选项正确。选项A“Gender”（性别），选项C“Collegemajor”（大学专业），选项D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格类型）。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻译为：推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群体中一部分样本的特征来预测或估计该群体的特征。则B选项“预测整个人口的特征”正确。

11.单选题

Theuseofnaturalgastogenerateelectricity—farfromperfectlycleanbutlesscarbon-（

）thancoaluse—hasjumped25percentsince2008.

问题1选项

A.inclusive

B.extensive

C.intensive

D.exclusive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。

句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电——远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少——已经上涨了25%。

12.单选题

Jackcametothepartywithayoungwoman,whomI（）tobehisgirlfriend.

问题1选项

A.pretended

B.supposed

C.resumed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续,重新开始”;granted“同意,授予”。句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会,我猜想应该是他的女朋友。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Otherfactors（

）tothedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationareadvancedscientifictechnologiesandbettertransportationsystem.

问题1选项

A.causing

B.giving

C.contributing

D.resulting

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。cause“成为…的原因，导致”；give“提供，给予”；contribute“贡献，出力，通常和介词to连用”；result“导致，发生”；根据空格后的介词to和句意‘（

）经济全球化发展的其他因素是先进的科学技术和更好的运输系统。’确定C选项正确。

14.单选题

WhenTasumafirstcametotheU.S.fromJapan,hewasn’tsurehecould（

）intoAmericanculture,butafterafewmonths,hefeltathomehere.

问题1选项

A.absorb

B.transform

C.digest

D.assimilate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。absorb吸引，理解；transform改变，转换；digest消化，吸收；assimilate使同化，吸收。句意：当Tasuma笫一次从日本来到美国时，他不确信自己能融入美国文化，可是过了几个月，他在那里就感觉像在自己家似的。由“but…hefeltathomehere.”可知空格处意为“他不确定自己是否可以融入美国文化。”答案D

15.单选题

Fiber-opticcablescancarryhundredsoftelephoneconversations（）.

问题1选项

A.simultaneously

B.spontaneously

C.homogeneously

D.contemporarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；C选项homogeneously“同样地”；D选项contemporarily“当今；时下；眼前”。句意：光缆能同时地传递数以百计的电话交流。结合句意，A选项正确。

16.单选题

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

问题1选项

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外,货箱内装满陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分词作状语,花瓶应该是被打碎的,所以用broken。

17.单选题

Afterthestormcausedrawsewagetoseepintothegroundwater,theWaterDepartmenthadtotakemeasuresto（

）thecity’swatersupply.

问题1选项

A.refine

B.revive

C.freshen

D.decontaminate

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。refine“提炼，改善；revive“使复活，使恢复，使振奋”；freshen“使新鲜，使清爽，使有精神”；decontaminate“净化，去除污染”，根据句意‘在风暴导致未处理的污水渗入地下水后，供水部门必须采取措施（

）该市供水。’确定D选项正确。

18.单选题

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

问题1选项

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】代词误用。去掉their。句子主语为Chineseculture,根据句子结构推断their指代的是Chineseculture,显然不合适。

19.单选题

Weneedtobemore（

）totheneedsoftheyoungstudents.

问题1选项

A.sensitive

B.sensational

C.sensory

D.sensible

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的”；sensational“轰动的，耸人听闻的”；sensory“感知的，知觉的”；sensible“明智的，通情达理的”。句意：我们需要对青年学生的需求更加敏感。因此选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

问题1选项

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：马林是一个有独立思考能力的年轻人，他对他的政治领袖阿谀奉承。根据固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B选项。句子中的时态用的是现在时，所以后面的句子没有必要用完成时。

21.单选题

Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan（

）thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.

问题1选项

A.dealwith

B.takeon

C.seekout

D.escapefrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项dealwith“涉及，处理”；B选项takeon“呈现，显出（新面貌或新特点）”；C选项seekout“搜出，找出”；D选项escapefrom“逃脱”。从句“thatcan______thecolorofitssurroundings”中的空格处应填入一个谓语动词，其宾语为color，故B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：变色龙是一种爬行动物，它可以呈现周围环境的颜色，因此不容易被看见。

22.单选题

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形针，图钉和安金扣针全都散落在地板上。

考查动词辨析。四个选型都是对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得乱七八糟;spray喷洒;separate使分离。因此A符合句意。

23.翻译题

二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生活方式。21世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅或会议厅，因为在他们看来，错过一个重要的商业信息是不可弥补的过失。二十四小时的超高速的“因特网时间”使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。对他们来说，地位的最大标志在于无能力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

24.翻译题

现在西方国家的有志之士都认识到，不同文明之间应学会共存，而不应因文化上的不同而走向冲突以致战争。他们认为，不同民族和国家可以通过文化交往与对话取得某种“共识”，也即有一个从“不同”到某种意义上相互“认同”的过程。这种相互“认同”是在两种不同文化中寻找交汇点，并在此基础上推动双方文化的发展，这正是“和”在不同文化中所起的作用。

【答案】AspirantsinWesterncountrieshaverealizedthatpeacefulcoexistenceamongallcivilizationsshouldbeupheld,whileconflictsorevenwarscausedbyculturaldiversitiesshouldbeavoided.Theythinkdifferentnationsandcountriescanreachanagreementbyculturalcommunicationandinteraction,whichrepresentsaprocessfrom“difference”to“agreement”.Reachinganagreementistheprocessofsearchingforthecommonpointindifferentcultureanditisthecoexistencethatpromotesthedevelopmentofdifferentculture.

25.单选题

Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas（）,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.

问题1选项

A.heightened

B.lifted

C.flown

D.soared

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项heighten“提高，升高”；B选项lift“举起，抬高”；C选项flow“流动，流通”；D选项soar“急升，激增”。句意：悲哀的是，随着私人花园的支出飙升，公共公园的支出普遍下降。填空处填入的应该是和declined相反的单词，所以选项D符合语境。

26.单选题

Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.atpresent

C.bynow

D.forsure

【答案】A

【解析】短语辨析。句意:有时要多方思考由谁来接管公司。

onoccasion有时，偶尔。atpresent目前，现在。bynow至今。forsure确实，肯定地。attimes:有时，偶尔。故选A。

27.单选题

Thetermindustrialdesignwas________in1919bytheAmericanindustrialdesignerJosephSinel.

问题1选项

A.originated

B.coined

C.inspired

D.inserted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.originated起源，发源B.coined创造，独撰

C.inspired激励，鼓舞D.inserted插入，嵌入

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处前面有be动词was，和动词的过去分词形式共同构成被动语态，动作的执行者是“美国工业设计师约瑟夫•西内尔”，动作的承受者是“工业设计这个术语（term）”，由此可知，本句表达的是以前并没有工业设计这个词，是约瑟夫•西内尔在1919年提出来的。coin指创造一个新的词或短语，然后其他人开始使用，因此B选项coined“创造，独撰”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项originated“起源，发