Unit-4-Global-warming-Grammar课件-(人教版选修6)

Period3

Grammarit用于强调句式“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分”结构it的用法(Ⅱ)1．it结构概述it用在强调结构中，为了强调句子的某一成分(通常为主语、宾语和状语)。MymothermetTominthestreetyesterday.→ItwasinthestreetthatmymothermetTom.我母亲就是在大街上遇到了汤姆。2．it结构在句中的应用(1)强调主语It’sonlyIwhoamwillingtogotothecinema.想去看电影的只有我。(2)强调宾语ItwasherthatImetyesterday.我昨天见到的是她。(3)强调状语Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn’tgotowork.是因为母亲病了她才没有去上班。3．it结构的否定句ItwasnotforseveralyearsthatIhadanopportunityofseeinghimagain.(＝Ididnothaveanopportunityofseeinghimagainforseveralyears.)我有好几年没有机会再见到他了。4．it结构的疑问句(1)这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。Wasityouthatbrokethewindow?是你把窗户打破了吗？IsitProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish?是王教授教你们英语吗？(2)这种强调句的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词就可。Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?打破窗子的是谁？Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?你昨天是什么时候打电话给我的？Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?你要我做的是什么？Howwasitthatyousucceeded?你是怎么成功的？5．有时可用Itmightbe…that…

，Itmusthavebeen…that…

句型表示强调Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof.你关心的可能是他父亲。Itmusthavebeenhisbrotherthatyousaw.你看到的想必是他的兄弟。6．在现代英语中，that/whom可省略WasitinNanjing(that)youfirstmethim?你是在南京第一次碰到他的吗？Itwasmymother(whom)yousawtheotherday.你几天前见到的是我妈妈。7．这一强调句型可用于原因状语从句，当原因状语从句是as，since引导时，应改为because引导，但结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等不能用于这一强调句型Shemissedthefirstbussinceshegotuplate.→Itwasbecauseshegotuplatethatshemissedthefirstbus.她因起晚了而误了第一班车。8．使用这一强调句型时，需注意否定转移Moneycan’tbuyeverything.→Itisnoteverythingthatmoneycanbuy.钱不能买到一切。Hedidn’tgotobeduntiltwelveo’clocklastnight.→Itwasnotuntiltwelveo’clocklastnightthathewenttobed.昨晚他12点才去睡觉。9．用这一强调句型时，要注意以下几点(1)不论强调句子的哪一部分，都可用that连接句子的其余部分。(2)被强调部分指人时，可用who取代that。(3)如果被强调部分指人，并且作后面句中的宾语时，也可用whom代替who。(4)that，who等常常被省略掉，特别是在口语中，在强调直接宾语或间接宾语、时间或地点状语时。(5)如果被强调的主语为人称代词时，可用主格，也可用宾格形式。(6)被强调部分通常不能用不定代词，除非其后还有定语。(7)如果被强调部分在后面的句子中有定语时，要用whose引导后面的句子。(8)在强调介词宾语时，介词常置于whom等之前(介词＋whom)，但也可把介词放在其宾语之前，或放在句末。(9)如果强调的是主语时，that或who之后的谓语的人称和数要与被强调的主语保持一致，但在口语中的个别情况下，也可能遇到与it一致的现象。(10)it之后的be动词的时态通常要与that之后的谓语呼应或一致。(11)这一句型通常不能用来强调由since，as，why，although，whereas等引导的从句。Ⅰ.句型转换1．Iamenthusiasticaboutplayingfootballnow.Itis______who/thatamenthusiasticaboutplayingfootballnow.Itis________________thatIamenthusiasticaboutnow.Itis________thatIamenthusiasticaboutplayingfootball.【答案】I；playingfootball；now2．Hesucceededinconductingtheexperimentunderhisteacher’sinstructions.Itwas________________________________thathesucceededinconductingtheexperiment.【答案】underhisteacher’sinstructions3．Whilewatchingthefootballgame，theykeptshoutingatthetopoftheirvoices.Itwas________________________________________thattheykeptshoutingatthetopoftheirvoices.【答案】whilewatchingthefootballgame4．Whattheprofessorsaidhadagreateffectonus.Itwas________________________________thathadagreateffectonus.【答案】whattheprofessorsaidⅡ.对画线部分进行强调1．ElizabethfirstmetMr.SmithinNewZealand.【答案】ItwasinNewZealandthatElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.2．MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhoodalongtheMississippiRiver.【答案】ItwasalongtheMississippiRiverthatMarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.3．OnlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently，Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.【答案】ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlythatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.4．Notwhoisrightbutwhatisrightisofimportance.【答案】Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisrightthatisofimportance.5．Ididn’tfindwehadalotincommonuntilwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks.【答案】ItwasnotuntilwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksthatIfoundwehadalotincommon.6．Becausehewasseriouslyill，hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.【答案】Itwasbecausehewasseriouslyillthathedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.Ⅲ.对画线部分进行强调1．Didheworkwherehisfatherhadstudied?【答案】Wasithewho/thatworkedwherehisfatherhadstudied?Wasitwherehisfatherhadstudiedthatheworked?2．MymothermetTominthestreetyesterday.【答案】ItwasinthestreetthatmymothermetTomyesterday.3．Hedidnotrealizehismistakesuntiltheplanwascompletelyruined.【答案】Itwasnotuntiltheplanwascompletelyruinedthatherealizedhismistakes.4．Ican’tquiterememberwhenyoustarteddoingthework.【答案】Ican’tquiterememberwhenitwasthatyoustarteddoingthework.Ⅳ.根据提示翻译句子1．正在打电话的是张教授。(强调主语)【答案】ItisProfessorZhangwhoistalkingonthephone.2．病人需要的是更好的食物和更多的阳光。(强调宾语)【答案】Itisbetterfoodandmoresunshinethatthepatientneeds.3．奥林匹克竞赛是从什么时候开始的？(强调时间状语)【答案】WhenwasitthattheOlympiccompetitionstarted?4．第二十九届奥运会在中国举行。(强调地点状语)【答案】ItisinChinathatthe29thOlympicGamesareheld.读写任务(四)说明文的概括一、说明文概括的写作指导【例3】

请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。【阅读材料】Whichisaneffectivewayforstudy?Thereisagrowingdebateaboutthemosteffectivewayforstudentstostudy.Traditionallystudyingalonewasthoughttobethebestwaytoensuregoodexamresults.Whenstudyingalone，youcanfocusyourmindbetterthanwhenyouarewithothers.Youalsohavethefreedomtochoosewhattopictostudyandwhen，asyoudon’tneedtheagreementofothers.Studentsthatprefertostudyaloneoftensaythatwhentheystudywiththeirclassmatestheywastealotoftimebecausethediscussionisoftenaboutnon­studytopicssuchastelevisionorholidays.Inthelastfewyears，however，moreandmorestudentshavestartedstudyingingroups.Thereareseveralreasonsmanystudentspreferthismethods.First，theyfindthatstudyingismorefunastheycansharetheexperiencewithothersratherthanstayingintheirrooms.Ingroups，theycandiscussthesubjecttogetherandwhensomethingisnotunderstoodtheycanaskeachotherquestions.Theycanusetheknowledgeoftheirclassmatestohelptheirclassmatestohelpimprovetheirownknowledge.Finallybydiscussingthetopictheyareabletobothunderstandandrememberitbetter.文章客观的语气与它所采用的对比写作方法都证明了它是说明文。文章客观地对比了两种学习方式的利弊，但是没有主观地把其中一个观点强加给读者，因为作者本人没有表达观点。两个观点的论据已经画线，由于内容比较散乱，我们要浓缩一下。我们首先分析一下学生的样本，看看存在什么问题，如何改进。学生样本1Thisarticletalksaboutwhethertostudyaloneorstudyingroups.Bothstudyingaloneandstudyingingroupsarehavingadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheirown.学生样本2Thispaperdiscussestwoideasabouthowtostudy.Ononehand，somestudentslikestudy