历年考研英语真题

历年考研英语真题UseofEnglishThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation._1_homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly_2_.Tohelphomelesspeople_3_independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,_4_theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing._5_everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates_6_anywherefrom600,000to3million._7_thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis_8_,oneofthefederalgovernmentsstudies_9_thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto_10_thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult._11_whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda_12_thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday_13_thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,_14_notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday_15_skillsneedtoturntheir1ives_16_.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17_programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._18_EdwardBlotkowsk,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,_19_it,aTherehastobe_20_ofprograms.What'sneedisapackagedeal.”[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ[A]nowthat[B]although[C]provided[D]Exceptthat[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasingED]extending[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss[A]Hence[B]But[CjEven[D]0nly[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating[A]So[BlSince[C]As[D]Thus[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordinationReadingComprehensionPartAText1Inspiteofaendlesstalkofdifference,“Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatofferedavastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite."thesewerestoresaanyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthelOyearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation-language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish'well'or'verywellJaftertenyearsofresidence."ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish."Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies."HencethedescriptionofAmericaasaagraveyardvforlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S-bornwhitesandblacks."Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotethatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yetusomeAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation,sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica,sturbulentpast,today'ssocialinducessuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansLA]identifyingassociatingassimilatingmonopolizingAccordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcenturyplayedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture.becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers.satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite.oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumptionThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.areresistanttohomogenization.exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture.arehardlyathreattothecommonculture.constitutethemajorityofthepopulation.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.Torevealthepublic'sfearofimmigrants.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.Intheauthor?sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyisrewarding.successful.fruitless.harmful.Text2Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry-WilliamShakespeare-buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway'sCottage,ShakespeareJsbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC'sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It9salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus-andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside-don'tusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown'srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfal1.Thetownsfolkdon'tseeitthiswayandlocalcounci1doesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan,tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey'11dobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratfordJsmostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)-lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.Fromthefirsttwoparas,welearnthatthetownsfolkdenytheRSC'scontributiontothetown'srevenuetheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstagethetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodtermsthetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourismItcanbeinferredfromPara3thatthesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatelytheplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseersthesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoerstheplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheaterBysaying^Stratfordcriespoortraditionally(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthatStratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojectsStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficultiesthetownisnotreallyshortofmoneythetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaidAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespendingthecompanyisfinanciallyill-managedthebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptablethetheatreattendanceisontheriseFromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthorissupportiveofbothsidesfavorsthetownsfolk,sviewtakesadetachedattitudeissympatheticText3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstronghappenedtothelargeanimals;theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived,thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceansthattheseasarebeingover-fishedhasbeenknownforyearswhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdenotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanesfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethenDr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative,onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimprovedToday'svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsagothatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincetobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnoise.Dr.MyersandDr.wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatoftheashiftingbaselinev.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedformafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodebusiness.31、TheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthatA^largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironmentsmallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedlargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday.D^Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones32、whocaninferformDrMyersandDr.Worm'spaperthatthestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsagothecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamountthenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisherishthanintheold33、Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(linein,paragragf-3),Drwormmeansthatfishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidlythencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthenrecordedthemarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterlossthedatecollectedsofararepitpfdate.34、DrMyersandotherresearchersholdthatA、peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan,tworkforalongertimeB、fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomassB、theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreditsoriginallevel.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation.35、Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries,A^managementefficiencybiomasslevelcatch-sizelimitstechnologicalapplication.Text4Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists'onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn，talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth，sdaffodilstoBaudelaire，sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.Butit'snotasifearliertimesdidn，tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenal1this,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagesyouraverageWesternerisbombardedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda一一tolureustoopenourwalletstomaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable."Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Whatweforget一一whatoureconomydependsonisforgetting一一isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedsomeonetotellusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It'samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.36.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthatPoetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.Artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.Poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.Artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.Theword“bummer”(Line5.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomethingA.religiousB.unpleasantC.entertainingD.commercialIntheauthorJsopinion,advertisingemergesinthewakeoftheanti-happypart.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpeerreplacethechurchasamajorsourceofinformationcreatesanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself.WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelievesA.Happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness.Theanti-happyartisdistastefulbyrefreshing.Miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied.D.Theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomyboomsWhichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?AReligiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.BArtprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.CPeoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmorality.Dmassmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.PartBOnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind,homeofDavidWillianis,52,andofariverboatcasinolaplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed.Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williamsastateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lastapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard”,whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser'sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,theseactivitiesbecomewhathecallsaelectronicheroin”.,In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.Inmarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatlockedat5a.m,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.Inmarch1998,afriendofWilliams'sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams,sgamblers.ThecasinnoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima”ceaseadmissionsletternotingthe“medical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehaviors,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothepatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwel1-being.TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas20signswarning,aenjoythefunandalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit."Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.NeverthelessWilliams'ssuitchargedthatthecasino,knowinghewasahelplesslyaddictedtogambling“intentionallyworkedto“love"himtoaengageinconductagainsthiswill"well.ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofmentalDisorderssaysapathologicalgambling“involvespresident,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlossofmoneythanofthethrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.,.Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersskintophysicaldisabilitiesForty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton_youmightsayaddictedto_revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblerJsdollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcosineseveryweek,with$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghas,passedpornographyastheweb'swebsmostprofitablebusiness..Althoughnosuchevidencewaspreserved,thecasino'smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoadusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.(B)Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?Bythetimehehadlost$5,00,hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit,onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy,themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.DavidWilliamdssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon,tbetonit.Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,oftendefiningasaddictionwhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.theanoymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecailllyconductivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoreagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?PartCIsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergentoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerican.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofintellectual.Itisthey,notAmerican,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?(46)IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.(47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamatteraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals theaveragescientistforone.48)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenineverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode,whichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.Duringmostofhiswalkinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityoffactors,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving(50)Theymayteachverywell,andmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityeminentscholars."Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeinonething,livinginpublicandindustriousthoughtsv,asEmersionwouldsay,“issomethingelse.”PartA51Directions:YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea,writealettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyouplan.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52Directions:studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould:describethephotosbrieflyinterpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,andgiveyoupointofviewYoushouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2(20points)（图一Beckham图二把崇拜写在脸上，花300元做个“小贝头”注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）——英国足球明星）把崇拜号在臆上 花300元做个“小贝釜.注:…贝克仪姆L英国是H明■.UseofEnglish(10points)A 2, B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6.C7.B8.C9.A 10.AC 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.DReadingComprehension(60points)(40points)CAC24.D25.BABC29.D30.DCAC34.D35.BDBD39.B40.ACAC24.D25.BABC29.D30.DCAC34.D35.BDBD39.B40.A(10points)41.C42.A43.B44.F45.DPartC(10points).我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。.他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。.我之所以将他(普通科学家)排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。.但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。.他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。SectionIIIWriting(30points)(10points)(略)(10points)(略)2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralwor1d-renownedscientists,13heyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintim