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美式论文、报告写作技巧谢谢阅读论文）等。研究生presentation及seminar的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成精品文档放心下载精品文档放心下载考的目的。谢谢阅读精品文档放心下载感谢阅读谢谢阅读报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)精品文档放心下载这三大部分各自内容如下：(一)篇首：封面(Title)序言(Preface)谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)目录(TablesandAppendixes)(二)本文：引言(Introduction)主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section)、以及注释(Footnotes)谢谢阅读(三)参考资料：参考书目(ReferencesorBibliography)感谢阅读附录资料(Appendix)。谢谢阅读目。题目可以提供研究者：一.研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果感谢阅读料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的谢谢阅读骨干，Proposal是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、精品文档放心下载谢谢阅读感谢阅读感谢阅读感谢阅读Seminar谢谢阅读式的报告。就算是小报告，也至少应含(一)TITLEPAGES：包含主题名称、作者、日期感谢阅读(二)Summary：即主要的结论(三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容(四)TechnicalSections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。谢谢阅读(五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论(六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项感谢阅读感谢阅读要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计感谢阅读分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文精品文档放心下载书处理更是最基本的要求，因此WordforWindow、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工谢谢阅读具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。精品文档放心下载(Presentation)谢谢阅读精品文档放心下载精品文档放心下载讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。精品文档放心下载ThedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandAmericancultureintermsoftheiret谢谢阅读iquetteName:李金锦Number:071031228Major:商务英语Tutor:宋健Date:ThedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandAmericancultureintermsoftheiret精品文档放心下载iquetteAbstract:Sincedifferentcountrieshavedifferenthistoriesandcultures,there感谢阅读arealotofdifferencesinthehabitofconductsandtheceremonies,especiallybe谢谢阅读tweenChinaandtheAmerica,thejokesandthemistakescausedbymisunderstandin谢谢阅读garenotunusual.Thisshowsthattheunderstandingofthedifferentetiquettesb感谢阅读etweenChineseandtheAmericansisabsolutelynecessary.Ontheoneside,tounde谢谢阅读rstandeachother’setiquettewillbeconducivetotheexchangesbetweenthecou感谢阅读ntriesbothinpoliticsandbusiness.Ontheotherside,apersonwhounderstandso谢谢阅读thers’ritualsandfolkcustomscanbeseenasrespectingforothersandcanbeeas感谢阅读iertomakeagoodimpressiononthecounterparts.Alongwiththeconstantdevelop精品文档放心下载mentofChinesecultureandtheAmericanculture,ChineseritualandtheAmerican精品文档放心下载ritualhaveabsorbedalotfromeachother.Americanshaveacceptedthereasonabl感谢阅读efactorsinChineseculture,suchasemphasizingonthehumanrelationship.Chin精品文档放心下载esepeoplehavegraduallyacceptedtheadvancedcivilizationoftheAmericancul感谢阅读tureandetiquettestyle.However,inreallife,theetiquette’simpactsduetoc感谢阅读ulturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmericanstillexist.Thereforethispape精品文档放心下载rtriestofindoutthedifferencesbetweenChinesecultureandAmericanculturei精品文档放心下载ntermsoftheiretiquette,toexploretherootofthesedifferencesandthewaysto感谢阅读dealwiththesedifferences..Itaimsatlettingpeopleunderstandandrespectth感谢阅读edifferencebetweencountriesincross-culturecommunication;avoidingthecu精品文档放心下载ltureconflicts,thenrealizingthesuccessfulcooperation;meanwhile,enhanc精品文档放心下载ingoursensibilitytotheculturedifference,forecastingthecounterparts’r感谢阅读eactionandthen,makingeffectiveandefficientcommunication.Moreover,ital谢谢阅读sotriestoeliminatetheout-of-datepartofourcultureandenrichtheadvancedp谢谢阅读art.KeyWords：Etiquette;Difference;Chineseetiquette;Americanetiquette精品文档放心下载摘要由于各国的历史和文化底蕴不同，各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不精品文档放心下载感谢阅读感谢阅读精品文档放心下载谢谢阅读精品文档放心下载精品文档放心下载精品文档放心下载感谢阅读感谢阅读谢谢阅读精品文档放心下载化中不合时宜的封建糟粕，结合时代变化发展的实际，丰富发展感谢阅读关键词：礼仪；差异；中国的礼仪；美国的礼仪ContentsAcknowledgements………...……………….………感谢阅读……IContent……...……………….…..…感谢阅读…….IIAbstractinEnglish…………………谢谢阅读.IVAbstractinChinese……………………..感谢阅读VI1.Introduction………………………感谢阅读…..12.TheConceptofEtiquetteandValueofStudyingEtiquette…2感谢阅读2.1TheDefinitionofEtiquette…………………….2精品文档放心下载2.2TheImportantRoleofEtiquette………………3感谢阅读2.3TheValueofStudyingtheChineseEtiquettes&AmericanEtiquettes.…..4谢谢阅读3.TheDifferencesbetweenChineseEtiquettesandAmericanEtiquettes………….7谢谢阅读3.1Addressing精品文档放心下载7感谢阅读3.2GreetingsandPartings感谢阅读93.3ApologiesandResponses谢谢阅读感谢阅读..123.4ThanksandResponses感谢阅读13谢谢阅读3.5InvitationandSayingGood-Bye精品文档放心下载14感谢阅读4.TheReasonsofTheseDifferences感谢阅读164.1TheoriginsofChineseEtiquetteand感谢阅读AmericanEtiquette17精品文档放心下载4.2TheImpactoftheAmericanCultureandChineseCultureonEtiquette精品文档放心下载感谢阅读18精品文档放心下载4.3ComparisonofChineseEtiquetteEducationandAmericanEtiquetteEducation谢谢阅读…………………2精品文档放心下载25.HowtoDealwiththeDifference感谢阅读27精品文档放心下载5.1EstablishaRightAttitudetowardCulturalDifferences精品文档放心下载275.2ReadingExtensivelyforCulturalInformation精品文档放心下载275.3AttendLecturesonCulture谢谢阅读28谢谢阅读5.4CommunicateWithNativeSpeakers谢谢阅读296.Conclusion………………..…………………...感谢阅读30Bibliography……………..………精品文档放心下载…31IntroductionEtiquetteistheprocessandmeanstoshowrespecttoeachotherininterper感谢阅读sonalrelationshipbycertaincommonprocedures.Theetiquettecanbesaidtobea精品文档放心下载person’sexternalappearanceofinwardcultivationandquality.Firstly,itca感谢阅读nhelppeoplepromotetheirself-cultivation.Secondly,itwillpromotesociali谢谢阅读nteractionandimprovepeople’sinterpersonalrelationship.Italsocanpurif感谢阅读ythesociety.Sincedifferentcountrieshavedifferenthistoricalandcultural谢谢阅读backgrounds,therearealotofdifferencesintheceremony,especiallybetweenC精品文档放心下载hinaandAmerica,thereforetheunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweenChines精品文档放心下载eetiquetteandtheAmericanetiquetteareabsolutelynecessary.Especiallyinm谢谢阅读odernsociety,itseemsthattheworldisgettingsmallerandsmaller,peoplearev精品文档放心下载eryactivewithfrequentexchanges.Manycountriesarepayingmuchattentiontoc谢谢阅读ombineinternationaletiquettewithnationaletiquettecreatively.Etiquette精品文档放心下载isthecommonwealthofChinesecivilizationandtheAmericancivilization.谢谢阅读2.TheConceptofEtiquetteandValueofStudyingEtiquette感谢阅读2.1Thedefinitionofetiquette精品文档放心下载Whenasked“Whatisthedefinitionofetiquette?”,NaomiPolson,whoreceivedh谢谢阅读eretiquettecertificateinWashingtonD.C.andisthefoundingdirectorofTh感谢阅读eEtiquetteCompany,replies,“Etiquettehastodowithgoodmanners.It’sn感谢阅读otsomuchourowngoodmanners,butmakingotherpeoplefeelcomfortablebythe谢谢阅读waywebehave.Soit’smoreorlessthinkingofothersandhowothersperceiveu谢谢阅读s,sothateveryoneknowstherulesfordoingthingsandeveryoneisinaverycom感谢阅读fortablepositioninsociety.”Shecontinues,“That’swhatIdo;that’sm谢谢阅读ybreadandbutter.IteachindividualsandIgointoverylargecompaniesandte感谢阅读achingroups.”Therefore,hasetiquettechangedmuchovertheyears?Certainaspectsofityes,b精品文档放心下载utthebasicdefinitionofitremainsunaltered.“Believeitornot,etiquett精品文档放心下载eorgoodmanners,ifyoulikethatphrasebetter,isoneofthosebasicprincipl谢谢阅读es.Rulesofgoodbehaviorhavebeenbuiltupoverhundredsofyears;worthless谢谢阅读onesarecontinuallybeingdiscardedandthoseproventobeusefularekeptand谢谢阅读improvedupon.”,whichwasquotedfromthebook“TheEmilyPostBookOfEtiqu感谢阅读etteFromYoungPeople”writtenbyElizabethL.Post,andpublishedin1967by感谢阅读Funk&Wagnall,:Manyexpertssaythatetiquetteissimplyshowingrespectforothersandyourself谢谢阅读atthesametime.So,eventhoughaspectsofgoodmannersdovaryfromplacetopl精品文档放心下载aceandsomerulesmaybeaddedor“tweaked”tokeepupwithtechnologyorlife谢谢阅读styles,thefoundationofetiquette,itsmeaning,willforeverremainstrong谢谢阅读.Needfurtherproof?Let’sexamthefirstfewparagraphsoftheprefacetoabooken精品文档放心下载titled“Today’sEtiquette”,publishedin1941byDoubledayDoranandwrit精品文档放心下载tenbyLillianRichler.Itreads:“Goodmannersarenotonlyindispensablein谢谢阅读society,buttheyhaveaverypracticalvalueinthebusinessworld.Breedingi谢谢阅读sanessentialpartoftheequipmentofanyonewhowishestogofarinhisparticu精品文档放心下载larworkorprofession.Nodoubtmanyfailurescanbetracedtoboorishness,to谢谢阅读lackofconsiderationforone’sfellows,toneglectofthecourtesiesessent精品文档放心下载ialtocivilizedliving.Inbothsocialandbusinesslifeweseekthepeoplewit精品文档放心下载hwhomwecanbeatease,thepeoplewhosemannersdonotoffendusandinwhosecom感谢阅读panywefeelentirelycomfortable.Thereis,indeed,nothingthatcostslessa感谢阅读ndatthesametimeisofmorevaluetoyouthangoodmanners.However,itmustber谢谢阅读ememberedthatjustaswordsdiefromourlanguageandothersarebornintoit,j精品文档放心下载ustasskirtssofartothekneesinoneseasonandtumbletotheanklesthenext,s谢谢阅读odotheformalitiesandoutwardgesturesofetiquettevaryaccordingtotheti感谢阅读mes.Althoughthespiritofetiquetteremainsalwaysessentiallythesame,th谢谢阅读eexpressionofetiquette,therulesofconductwhichgovernsociallifeandou感谢阅读rassociationswithoneanotherareforeveradjustingthemselvestonewcondi感谢阅读tions.Therefore,inotherwords,learnthedefinitionofetiquetteearly.Ta谢谢阅读keinallthebasicknowledgethatyoucannow,sothatyoutoocanadjusttoourev精品文档放心下载erchangingworld,especiallyintoday’sworld.感谢阅读2.2Theimportantroleofetiquette谢谢阅读Asmentionedinthepreviouspart,etiquetteisanimportantpartofhumanlife;it精品文档放心下载playsanimportantroleinhumansociety.谢谢阅读Fromtheaspectofcommunication,interpersonaletiquettecanberegardedasaki谢谢阅读ndofart,amethodofcommunication.Itisacommonrespectforpersonandafrie感谢阅读ndlypracticeininterpersonalrelationships.谢谢阅读Fromtheperspectiveoftransmitting,interpersonalritualscanberoughlydivi精品文档放心下载dedintochiefetiquette,businessetiquette,serviceetiquette,socialeti谢谢阅读quette,foreignetiquetteandseveralothermajorbranches.Firstly,itcanh精品文档放心下载elppeopletoraisetheirself-cultivation.Secondly,itwillpromotesocial精品文档放心下载interactionandimprovepeople’sinterpersonalrelationship.Italsocanp精品文档放心下载urifytheethosofsociety.Fromthepointofviewofcollectivity,etiquettecancreatetheimage,improveth感谢阅读ecustomsultimatelyandachievethepurposeofenhancingtheeconomyandsoci精品文档放心下载albenefits.Etiquette,whichisanimportantpartofthecompany’sculturea感谢阅读ndtheentrepreneur’sspirit,isamajorattachmentofgroup’simage.Almos谢谢阅读tallinternationalenterpriseshaveahighstandardofetiquetteandregarde感谢阅读tiquetteasanimportantpartofgroup’sculture.Atthesametime,italsocan感谢阅读beregardedastheimportantsoftwaretoobtaininternationalfame.Therefor谢谢阅读e,studyingetiquetteisthetrendofthetimesandtheactualneedofenhancing感谢阅读thecompetition.2.3ThevalueofstudyingtheChineseetiquettes&Americanetiquettes感谢阅读Sincedifferentcountrieshavedifferenthistoriesandcultures,therearealot感谢阅读ofdifferencesinthehabitofconductandtheceremony,especiallybetweenCh感谢阅读inaandtheWest,thejokesandthemistakescausedbymisunderstandingisnotu精品文档放心下载nusual.Hereisatypicalexampletoshowtheembarrassmentandmisunderstandingcausedb谢谢阅读yetiquettedifference.AnofficerofhighstatusinChinaandhiswifewenttotheairporttomeetaconsulta感谢阅读ntfromtheUnitedStates.Afterthemeeting,theconsultantsaid“Yourwifei精品文档放心下载sreallybeautiful!”Theofficerfeltembarrassedandreplied:“哪里，哪感谢阅读里！感谢阅读headdressed.Buttheclumsyinterpretertranslated:“哪里，哪谢谢阅读里！精品文档放心下载ught“Ijustpraisedhiswife,andwhyheaskedmewherehiswifeisbeautiful”.T精品文档放心下载hen,hesaid:“sheisbeautifulfromheadtotoe.”感谢阅读ThisjokeisduetothelackofetiquetteknowledgeaboutthedifferencesbetweenC感谢阅读hinaandtheAmerica.Thisshowsthattheunderstandingofthedifferencesoft谢谢阅读heAmericanetiquettesandChineseetiquettesisdefinitelynecessary.Toth谢谢阅读eofficials,tounderstandeachother’scustomswillbeconducivetotheexch感谢阅读angesbetweenthedifferentcountries.Apersonwhounderstandsothers’rit谢谢阅读ualsandfolkcustomscanbeseenasrespectingforothersandcanbeeasiertoma感谢阅读keagoodimpressionontheotherside.AlongwiththeconstantdevelopmentofC谢谢阅读hineseandtheAmericancultures,ChineseritualsandtheAmericanritualsha感谢阅读veabsorbedalotfromeachother.Americanshaveacceptedthereasonablefact感谢阅读orsinChinesecultureChinesepeoplehavegraduallyacceptedtheadvancedci精品文档放心下载vilizationoftheAmericancultureandetiquettestyle.However,inreallife,t谢谢阅读heetiquette’simpactsduetoculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandAmeric精品文档放心下载anstillexist.Therefore,thispapertriestofindoutthedifferencesbetwee谢谢阅读nChinesecultureandAmericancultureintermsoftheiretiquetteandtoexplo精品文档放心下载retherootofthisdifference.Ourpurposeistoletpeopleunderstandandresp精品文档放心下载ectthedifferencebetweencountriesincross-culturecommunication;toavo精品文档放心下载idthecultureconflicts,thentorealizethesuccessfulcooperation;meanwh谢谢阅读ile,toenhanceoursensibilitytotheculturedifference,toforecastthecou感谢阅读nterparts’reactionandthentomakeeffectiveandefficientcommunication.M谢谢阅读oreover,itaimsateliminatingtheout-of-datepartofourcultureandenrich感谢阅读ingtheadvancedpart.3.TheDifferencesbetweenChinaEtiquetteandAmericanDailyEtiquette谢谢阅读Etiquetteistheproductofsocialcivilization.Itisthenormcreatedby感谢阅读humanbeingstoformulatethesocialbehaviors.Aslongasthereishumanconne谢谢阅读ctionandcommunicationactivities,peopleneedetiquettestoexpresstheir谢谢阅读feelingsandrespect.Chinaiswellknownforherrichculturesinceancientti感谢阅读mes,hospitalityandcourtesyarethetraditionalvirtuesofourcountry.Ast精品文档放心下载hedevelopmentofglobalization,especiallyafterChinasuccessfullyholdi精品文档放心下载ngtheOlympicGamesaswellastheupcomingShanghaiExposition,Chinaisexpo感谢阅读sedtotheoutsideworldmoreandmore,andtheworldalsobeginstounderstandC谢谢阅读hinainanewway,therefore,notknowingtheculturaldifferencebetweencoun谢谢阅读trieswillcausemisunderstandingandhinderthecommunicationandconnecti谢谢阅读on.Sometimes,therearesomebehaviorswedonotmind.However,theyappearto感谢阅读berudeandoffensiveintheeyesoftheforeigners,thusknowingtheculturald谢谢阅读ifferencebetweenAmericansandChineseisveryimportant.精品文档放心下载3.1AddressingBothAmericansandChinesepeoplehavetwokindsofpersonalnames:asurn感谢阅读ameandagivenname.Buttheorderandtheuseofthesenamesinthetwolanguages谢谢阅读aresomewhatdifferent.InChinese,thesurnamecomesfirstandthenthegiven谢谢阅读name.Andpeopleliketoadd“小小感谢阅读王”(XiaoWang)、“小郑”(XiaoZheng)、“小李”(XiaoLi)、“小精品文档放心下载徐”(XiaoXu)andsoon.WhileAmericannamesarewrittenandspokenwiththegivennamefirstandt感谢阅读hefamilynamelast.SoJohnSmith’sfamilynameisSmith,notJohn.Inaformal精品文档放心下载setting,addressmenas“Mister”(abbreviatedas“Mr.”),marriedwomena精品文档放心下载s“Misses”(abbreviatedas“Mrs.”),andunmarriedwomenas“Miss”(abb感谢阅读reviatedas“Ms.”).Thesedaysmanywomenprefertobeaddressedusingtheab谢谢阅读breviations“Ms.”or“M.”,pronounced“miz.”谢谢阅读IfthepersonhasanM.D.orPh.D.,theywilloftenbeaddressedas“Doctor感谢阅读”(abbreviatedas“Dr.”).Facultyisaddressedas“Professor”(abbrevi精品文档放心下载atedas“Prof.”).Inaninformalsituation,Americanswillintroduceeachotherbyfirstna谢谢阅读me,withouttitles,andoccasionallybyjustthelastname.Ifyouareintroduc感谢阅读edtosomebodybyfirstname,youcanaddresshimorherbyfirstnamethenexttim感谢阅读eyoumeet.Theonlyexceptionwouldbeforsomeonewhoholdsanimportantposit感谢阅读ion,suchastheuniversitypresidentorprovost.Unlesstheytellyouotherwi精品文档放心下载se,facultyshouldbeaddressedusingtheirtitleandlastname(e.g.,“Profe感谢阅读ssorSmith”).Whenindoubt,usetheformalmannerofaddress.Itisalsoappro感谢阅读priatetoaskhowtheyprefertobeaddressed.精品文档放心下载Anotherdifferenceisabouttheformofaddressing.Fromtheviewpointof感谢阅读sociolinguistics,formsofaddressingcanserveasanindicationoftherelat感谢阅读ionshipofpowerandsolidarityinthesociety.Incallingtheirsuperiorsore精品文档放心下载lders,theChineseareaccustomedtothenon-reciprocalorasymmetricaladdr精品文档放心下载essing,inotherwords.Theyuse“title+surname”toaddresstheirsuperior感谢阅读oreldersratherthancallthemsurnames,whilethesuperiororelderscallthe谢谢阅读addresserstheirnames.TheChinesetendtoabidebythepoliteprincipleofde精品文档放心下载preciatingoneselfandrespectingotherstoshowappropriaterespectstowar精品文档放心下载dsthepersonsbeingaddressed,otherwise,theaddressermaybeconsideredas精品文档放心下载illmannered,illeducatedorrude.ButinAmericancountries,peoplehaveate谢谢阅读ndencytofollowthereciprocalorsymmetricaladdressing.Althoughtheyare谢谢阅读differentinageandstatus,theycancalltheotherdirectly,namely,theirna谢谢阅读mes,evenfirstnamesexceptwhentheycallthedoctors,notarousingoffenceb精品文档放心下载etweenthem,butdemonstratingthesenseofintimacyandtheconceptionof“e精品文档放心下载veryoneiscreatedequal”.ChinesepeoplefeelunnaturaladdressinganAmericanbyhisgivenname,f精品文档放心下载eelingthatitindicatestooclosearelationship,andAmericans,ontheother谢谢阅读hand,mayfeelthatifaChineseinsistsonusinghissurname,itindicatesanun谢谢阅读willingnesstobefriendlyandmaintainsagapbetweenthem.Sotheuseofforms谢谢阅读like”MissMary”or“Mr.Smith”maybeaChineseformsofcompromise.WithM谢谢阅读issMary,theuseofthegivennameindicatesfriendliness,buttheadditionof精品文档放心下载thetitleindicatestherespecttheyfeeltheyoughttoshow.AndwithSmith,th精品文档放心下载elackofatitleindicatesfriendliness,buttheuseofthesurnamepreventsif感谢阅读soundingtoointimate.However,bothaddressingusedbytheChinesesoundver精品文档放心下载ystrangeanduncomfortabletothewesterner.谢谢阅读3.2GreetingsandPartingsWhenpeoplemeetacquaintancesorfriends,peopleusuallygreeteachoth精品文档放心下载er.Thepurposeofgreetingistoestablishormaintainsocialcontact.Soform感谢阅读ulaicexpressionsareoftenused,butsuchformulaicexpressionsoftencause感谢阅读conflictbecauseofthegreatculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandAmeri感谢阅读canspeakers.InAmerica,peopleoftenemploythefollowingexpressionstogr精品文档放心下载eeteachother“Goodmorning/evening/afternoon.”“Fineday,isn’tit?谢谢阅读”“|Howiseverythinggoing?”WhileinChinese,wealwayssay“你吃了感谢阅读吗？你上哪里去？你干什么精品文档放心下载去？精品文档放心下载realquestions.Therefore,theyreallydisgustthiskindofquestions.精品文档放心下载Asforpartings,itmaybedividedintotwosteps.Beforethefinalparting,t谢谢阅读hereisusualaleave-taking.AmericanandChinesecultureshavediverseways精品文档放心下载todealwithleave-takings.Firstly,inAmericansociety,duringtheclosing感谢阅读phaseofanencounter,from“I”perspective,reasonsforterminatingtheen感谢阅读countersarepresentedinmitigatorycomments.Typicalcommentsareassocia精品文档放心下载tedwithexpressionsofapology,suchas“I”amafraidImustbeoff,Ihavetor感谢阅读elievethebaby-sitter”andothers.Americanpeoplebelievethattobewilli感谢阅读ngtovisitandconversewithsomeoneistohaverespectforhim;toterminateth精品文档放心下载evisitingisnotofone’sownfreewill,butbecauseofsomeotherarrangement精品文档放心下载s,thereforetheyalwaystrytomaketheirleavingsoundreluctantbyfindings精品文档放心下载omereasonsandapologizeforittomaketheleavingacceptableforbothpartie感谢阅读s.Americanspeakersoftensignalseveraltimesbeforeleaving.“Well,it’谢谢阅读sbeennicetoseeyouagain.Idoenjoyourtalkandthelovelydinner,butImustb谢谢阅读egoingsoon”.“Thankyouverymuchforaskingmeover.Ihopewe’llbeableto谢谢阅读gettogetheragainbeforelong…”Consolidationinawiderrangeofcommonac感谢阅读quaintancesalsooccurs,inexpressionssuchas“SayhellotoJackforme”or感谢阅读“RemembermetoJohn”.InChinesesociety,duringtheclosingphaseofanenc精品文档放心下载ounter,usually,froma“you”perspective,reasonsforendingtheencounte感谢阅读raresetforthinmitigatoryexpressions.Suchexpressionsinclude“你挺忙谢谢阅读的，我就不多打扰了。”(Youareverybusy,soIwillnotbotheryouanylonger.)“你一定累了早谢谢阅读点休息吧，我要告辞了。精品文档放心下载ymaystandupfromtheirseats.Chineseleave-takingisveryshortandquick.A谢谢阅读mericanpeoplethinkitsoabruptthattheyhavenotpreparedforit.Whilemovi感谢阅读ngtothedoor,Chineseemployexpressionsofapologylike“对不起，打扰谢谢阅读了。”(Iamsorrytobotheryou.)“对不起，占用你不少时谢谢阅读间。感谢阅读employedbyChinesegueststoshowconcernfortheirhostscanonlybeappropri感谢阅读ateforbusinessvisitsintheAmericanenvironment.精品文档放心下载3.4ApologiesandResponsesIfwrongthingsaredone,theremustbeapologies.Astohowtoofferapolog精品文档放心下载ies,bothAmericanandChinesepeoplemaysay“Iamsorry….”,“Iapologize精品文档放心下载for…”etc.ButChinesewouldliketoapologizeforthecrowdedstateoftheir谢谢阅读dwellingsandforsmallnumbersofdishes,althoughtheroomisbigenoughandt感谢阅读herearemanydishes.Chinesesaythesetoexpressself-depreciationonlyout精品文档放心下载ofcourtesy,nothavingotherimplication.ButtheAmericanswouldwonder,si精品文档放心下载ncetheroomissolargeandtherearesomanydishes,whydotheysayso.Maybethe精品文档放心下载ydonotwelcomeourvisits,ortheydon’tlikeustoeatmore.WhenChinesecont谢谢阅读actAmericans,iftheydonotknowthesedifferences,itwillleadtomisunders感谢阅读tanding.Thewaystorespondtoapologiesaredifferent,too:精品文档放心下载A:Oh,I’msorry.Iforgetit.B1:Itdoesn’tmatter.B2:That’sallright.B2isAmerican.B1isaChineseperson.“Itdoesn’tmatter”isatransla精品文档放心下载tionof“没关系”fromChinese,whichisacommonpatterninChinesetorespondtoapologies.I精品文档放心下载faChineseusesthistorespondtoapologies,Americanswillthinkthatheisas谢谢阅读harpperson,whosimplycannotforgiveaverylittlewrongthing.感谢阅读3.5ThanksandResponses“Thankyou”iswidelyusedinEnglishtoshowgratitudeinsuchcasesasb谢谢阅读einginvited,helped,givenagift,etc.CulturaldifferencesexistbetweenC谢谢阅读hineseandAmericansinhowtoexpressthanksandresponses.Infact,“Thanky感谢阅读ou”isutteredinEnglishformorethanacknowledgingfavororgratitude,and精品文档放心下载itisoftenameanstoshowpoliteness.Onmanyoccasions,theAmericanusethis感谢阅读utterancewhiletheChinesemaysay“有劳您感谢阅读了。感谢阅读teroffact,“Thankyou”isusedmorewidelybyAmericanthanChineseuse“谢感谢阅读谢”,forminorfavorslikeborrowingpencil,askingdirections,requesting精品文档放心下载someonetopassonamessage,receivingatelephone,etc.“Thankyou”notonl感谢阅读yshowspolitenessbutalsocarriesaperson’sgratefulfeelingforthosewho谢谢阅读offerhelp.Withoutusingexpressionsofgratitude,misunderstandingsmaya谢谢阅读risebecausethehelpseemstobetakenforgrantedandismotappreciated,ForA谢谢阅读mericans,eachpersonisanequalindividual,whetherheisafamilymemberorn感谢阅读ot.InChinese,“谢谢精品文档放心下载eitmayimplyacertaindistancebetweentheaddresserandtheaddressee.Nati谢谢阅读vespeakersmayrespondto“Thankyou”bysaying:Youarewelcome/It’sa/my精品文档放心下载pleasure/Notatall/don’tmentionit/That’sallright.WhileChinesepeop感谢阅读lemaysay:“这是我应该做的”，谢谢阅读(Itismyduty.)whichmayconveytoAmericansthemessagethattheChinesedidn精品文档放心下载otreallywanttodoit,orthathe/shediditonlybecauseitwashis/herduty.Th谢谢阅读ismessageisquitedifferentfromwhattheChinesespeakerintendedtoexpres感谢阅读s.4.TheReasonsofTheseDifferences谢谢阅读TherearethreemainreasonsthatcausethedifferencesbetweenChineseetiqu精品文档放心下载etteandAmericanetiquette.ThefirstoneisdifferentoriginsofChineseeti精品文档放心下载quetteandtheAmericanetiquette.Thesecondoneisthedifferencesofcultur精品文档放心下载albackgrounds.Thethirdoneisthedifferencesofetiquetteeducation.感谢阅读4.1TheOriginsofChinaEtiquetteandAmericanEtiquette感谢阅读4.1.1TheOriginofChineseEtiquette感谢阅读InChina,etiquetteisequaltocourtesyandceremony.Theessenceofetiquett谢谢阅读eembodiesthemethodofdealingwithpeopleandthebeliefinghostsandspirit精品文档放心下载s.Peopleconsiderthatallthingsarecontrolledbytheghostswhichcannotbe谢谢阅读seen.Therefore,theetiquetteoriginatedfromthebeliefinghostsandspiri精品文档放心下载ts,aswellasaspecialformofbeliefinghostsandspirits.Chinaisastatebei感谢阅读ngfondofceremonies.Backtofivethousandyearsago,etiquetteusedtobethe感谢阅读coreoftraditionalculture.Uptonow,theetiquettehasbeenreallyreformed.T感谢阅读husitbecomesritualsofmoderncivilization.ChineseetiquetteinChinesec精品文档放心下载ultureplaysa“quasi-legal”role.Etiquette’soriginscanbetracedback谢谢阅读totheearlytimeofhumanbeings.Itshouldbesaidthatattheverybeginningof谢谢阅读thehistoryoftheChinesenation,etiquettewasgeneratedalongwiththehuma谢谢阅读nactivitiesandwithaprimitivereligion.Etiquetteisthesystemtodealwit谢谢阅读hthethreerelationshipsamongpeople,Godandghosts.Itissaidthattherewe感谢阅读re“fiveceremonies”inancientChina.Infactetiquettecanbedividedinto谢谢阅读twomainparts,oneispolitics,andtheotherislife.Chineselegalsystemwas精品文档放心下载bredduringtheestablishmentandimplementationoftheprotocol.Theessenc谢谢阅读eofetiquetteishowtodealwithpeopleandthebeliefinghostsandspirits.谢谢阅读4.1.2TheOriginoftheAmericanEtiquette谢谢阅读IntheWesterncountries,theword“etiquette”usedtomean“keepoffthegr谢谢阅读ass”.LouisXIV’sgardenernoticedthatthearistocratswerewalkingthrou谢谢阅读ghhisgardensandthenheputupsigns(etiquette)towarnthemoff.Thedukesan谢谢阅读dduchesseswalkedrightpastthesesigns.Duetothisblatantdisregard,thek感谢阅读ingofVersaillesdecreedthatnoindividualwastogobeyondtheboundsofthee谢谢阅读tiquettes.Themeaningofetiquettewouldlaterincludethetickettocourtfu精品文档放心下载nctionsthatlistedtheinstructionsonwhichapersonwouldstandandwhatwas谢谢阅读tobedone.Etiquette,likelanguage,hasevolved,butitstillmeansliterall感谢阅读y“keepoffthegrass”.Untilthe1960’s,theimportanceofgoodmannerswas谢谢阅读taughtwithoutquestion,butwiththeliberated70’s,itcameadeclineinthe谢谢阅读popularityofteachingproperetiquette.In2004,anewemphasishasbeenplac感谢阅读edonreturningtotraditionalvalues.Properetiquetteandprotocolhavebee精品文档放心下载ngivenchildrenandadultsavitaltoolthatprovidesnotonlyacompetitiveed精品文档放心下载ge,butasenseofconfidence.4.2TheImpactoftheAmericanCultureandChineseCultureonEtiquette谢谢阅读ChineseandtheAmericanshavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.Chineseetiqu精品文档放心下载etteandtheAmericanetiquetteareaffectedbytheirculturedeeply.精品文档放心下载4.2.1TheImpactofDifferentModesofSocialInteractiononEtiquette精品文档放心下载ChineseculturesandtheAmericancultureshaveattachedgreatimportancetoi精品文档放心下载nterpersonalrelationship.However,theywereclearlydifferentinexchangi谢谢阅读ngideas.Chineseareverywarmandhospitable,whichiscontainedinrelations谢谢阅读hips,beingnotseemedtobepreserved.Itisgrantedtounderstandtheage,occu感谢阅读pation,income,maritalstatus,childrenandotherissueswitheachother.The精品文档放心下载Americanswillgenerallynotdolikethat.Chinesewillaskthepriceofgoodswh谢谢阅读ichisboughtbyothersdirectly.IntheeyesofChinesepeople,thepriceisonly感谢阅读foritemsorrank.Itistosaythequalityofgoods.InAmericans’eyes,ifyoudo谢谢阅读thesamething,itmayberegardedastheinquiryofother’seconomiccondition感谢阅读s.ItisalsotheprivacyoftheAmericanswhichshouldnotbeaskeddirectly.Ify谢谢阅读ouwanttoknowthepriceindetails,youcanonlytactfullypraisetheachieveme精品文档放心下载ntofthegoods.Undersuchcircumstances,theAmericanswilltellyouifitisch感谢阅读eaporexpensiveingeneral,buttheynormallydonottellyoutheprice.Chinese谢谢阅读prefertoask“whereareyougoing?”whentheymeetothers.Thisisjustaformo谢谢阅读fcallinginChina.AndifithappensintheUnitedStates,itmightmaketheother感谢阅读feelembarrassed,becauseitbelongstoother’sprivacyyoushouldnotinterf谢谢阅读erein.Inaddition,thedistanceoftheinteractionbetweenpeoplecanbedivid感谢阅读edintofourtypes.Thereareclosedistance,individualdistance,socialdist精品文档放心下载anceandpublicdistance.Chinesepeoplerelativelybelongtoclosedistance.谢谢阅读WeoftenseetwoChinesegirlswalkingonthestreetarm-in-armwhichisraretos谢谢阅读eeinAmerica.TheAmericanthinksthatChinesearetooclose.Onthecontrary,C谢谢阅读hinesefeelthatAmericansareverycold,arrogant,distantwithothers,andun谢谢阅读friendly.IfChinesepeoplefindthatthereisabuginother’sclothes,theywi感谢阅读llnaturallypickitoff.ItisabadbehaviorintheeyesofAmericans.WhenChine精品文档放心下载semeetafriendwhowearsveryprettyclothes,hewillstroketheclothesbefore精品文档放心下载askingpriceortexture.TheAmericanswillnotdolikethatbutdirectlypraise感谢阅读hisfriendsandhisbeautifulclothes.谢谢阅读4.2.2TheDifferencesbetweenthePersonalPhilosophiesofEtiquette谢谢阅读hineseandtheAmericanshavedifferencesbetweenthepersonalphilosophieso精品文档放心下载fetiquette.（1）IndividualismoftheAmericaandmodestyofChina.感谢阅读Americansareproudoftheachievementsofindividuals.Theynevercoverupthe谢谢阅读irself-confidence,andarealwaysproudoftheaccomplishmentandtheecstasy精品文档放心下载ofthemselves.Conversely,thepromotionofChineseculturedoesnotflauntpe精品文档放心下载rsonalhonor.Generally,Chinesepeopleusuallyopposeordefythepeoplewhoa谢谢阅读reproudofthemselves.However,AmericansaredissatisfiedwiththeChineses谢谢阅读elf-denialorself-modesty.“YourEnglishisverygood!”“No,myEnglishis精品文档放心下载poor.”ForChinesepeople,itisamodestresponse.ButforAmericans,itisnot谢谢阅读onlydenyinghimselfbutalsodenyingpeoplewhoappreciatehim.Thisshowstha感谢阅读tthemodestyofChinesestyleisnotfeasibleintheUSA.感谢阅读(2)Self-centerednessandSelflessEducation感谢阅读Americanshaveastrongsenseofindependenceandself-centeredness.Oneshou谢谢阅读ldberesponsibleforhimself.IntheAmericansociety,everyone’squalityof谢谢阅读lifeandsurvivaldependsontheirability.Therefore,eachpersonmustbeself谢谢阅读-supportingandputpersonalintereststothefirstplace.Theyarenotaccusto感谢阅读medtocaringforothers,helpingothersortalkingabouttheaffairsofothers.精品文档放心下载Itpreciselycanbeseenfromtheabovethathelpingothersorbeinghelpedbyoth精品文档放心下载ersinAmericaissomeembarrassingincidents.Beinghelpedbyo