(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练4 阅读理解 议论文(解析版)

阅读阅读理解（议论文）大题优练4优选例题优选例题【例题】Whiletheartscan’tstoptheCOVID-19virusorthesocialunrestweseeintheworldtoday,theycangiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonetothinkinnewways.Weoftenexperienceworksofartassomethingthat'spleasingtooursenseswithoutafullunderstandingofthecreativeeffort.Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearnagreatdealfromtheirresolutions(解决).Throughourunderstandingofart,wecangainadeeperunderstandingofhowwemightovercomeourownchallenges.Inunderstandingextremesofcontrast,wecanseethebeautyinartwiththemesthatarenotsimplypleasingfortheirmagnificentfeaturesorqualities.Beethovenoffersawonderfulexampleofmovingartfullythroughcrisesandchaos.HecomposedhisSymphonyNo.9ashishearinglossbecamemoreandmorepronounced.Theopeningofthesymphonyseemstocomeoutofnowhere,fromnearsilenceintheopeningtoafullexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertobethejoyoffreedomanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdetojoy(欢乐颂).Beethovenappearstohavecreatedaworkofartthatnotonlyfreedhimfromhispersonalstruggles,butonethatalsospeakstothejoyoflivingtogetherinpeaceandharmony.Haveadialoguebetweenthetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachotheruntilwecometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessofthetwoopposingforces.Theartsoffermanylessonsthatcanhelpusgaintheknowledgeweneedtomovemoreconfidentlyintoday’scompetitiveanduncertainenvironment.Anopennesstoarts-basedsolutionswillgiveyoumorecontroloveryourfuture.1．Whatvaluedoesarthavebeyondpleasingpeople'ssenses?A．Itbringspeopleinnerpeace.B．Itcontributestoproblem-solving.C．Itreducesthepossibilityofcrises.D．Itdeepensunderstandingofmusic.2．WhatcanwelearnaboutBeethoven'sSymphonyNo.9?A．Itcelebratesfreedomandunity.B．Itaimstoshowcrisesandchaos.C．ItopenswithSchiller'sOdetoJoy.D．Itisunfinishedduetohishearingloss.3．Whatistheauthor'ssuggestionondealingwithconflictingforces?A．Leavingthingsastheyare.B．Makingachoicebetweenthem.C．Separatingthemfromeachother.D．Engagingtheminaconversation.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HowCOVID-19changesartB．EssentialsofSymphonyNo.9C．MovingartfullythroughcrisesD．JoyintheeyesofBeethoven【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了在疫情影响下的世界背景中，艺术为我们提供了应对危机和冲突的创造性思路。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句Greatartoftenshowsuscontradictionsandcrises,andwecanlearnagreatdealfromtheirresolutions.(伟大的艺术作品向我们展示冲突与危机，我们能从它们的解决中获得启示。)可知，理解艺术有助于现实中问题的解决。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句Theopeningofthesymphonyseemstocomeoutofnowhere,fromnearsilenceintheopeningtoafullexpressionofwhatmanyconsidertobethejoyoffreedomanduniversalbrotherhoodwithSchiller’sOdetojoy.(这首交响曲的开头似乎毫无来由，从几乎寂静的开头，许多人认为是对自由的喜悦和全世界兄弟般情谊的《欢乐颂》的充分表达。)可知，贝多芬的第九交响曲歌颂的主题是自由与团结。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句Haveadialoguebetweenthetwoopposingpartsandyouwillfindthattheyalwaysstartoutfightingeachotheruntilwecometoanappreciationofdifference—aonenessofthetwoopposingforces.(如果你让对立的这两个部分进行对话，你就会发现它们总是从一开始就互相争斗，直到我们对它们之间的差异有了一个正确的认识——这两个对立的力量是一体的。)可推断，作者对于处理冲突各方的建议是让各方进行对话、交流。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段Whiletheartscan'tstoptheCOVID-19virusorthesocialunrestweseeintheworldtoday,theycangiveusinsightintothechoiceswemakewhenmovingthroughcrisesandchaos.Theartsinviteeveryonetothinkinnewways.（虽然艺术无法阻止COVID-19病毒或我们今天在世界上看到的社会动荡，但它们可以让我们了解我们在应对危机和混乱时所做的选择。艺术邀请每个人以新的方式思考。）结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是理解艺术对于应对现实危机与冲突的启示。所以“Movingartfullythroughcrises(艺术地通过危机)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。模拟优练模拟优练（一）I’verecentlyfoundmyselfwonderingifIcoulddowithoutGoogleMaps.Itis,Ithink,theonlyapponmyphoneI’dreallymisswereItoswapmysmartphonefora“dumb”onethathandlesonlycallsandtextmessages.WhyamIthinkingaboutthis?It’sbecauseeverytimeItrytoreadabook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.IkeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtinordertodosomethingthatIdon’tconsciouslywanttodo.Thisisnotaccidental.Developershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones.Someofthemspeakinthelanguageofaddictionandbehaviouralpsychology,thoughmostprefertheterm“persuasivetech”.Initself,persuasivetechisnotanewidea—anacademicnamedBJFogghasbeenrunningclassesfroma“persuasivetechlab”atStanfordsincethelate1990s.Butassmartphoneownershiphasrocketedandsocial-mediasiteshavebeenborn,persuasivetechhasvastlyexpandeditsreach.Onecompany,DopamineLabs—namedforthechemicalreleasedintherewardcenterofthebrain—offersaservicetotechbusinesseswantingto“keepusersengaged”.FounderRamsayBrowntellsmehewantspeopletounderstandthat“theirthoughtsandfeelingsareonthetableasthingsthatcanbecontrolledanddesigned”.Hethinksthereshouldbemoreconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.“Webelieveeveryonehasarighttocognitiveliberty,andtobuildthekindofmindtheywanttolivein,”hesays.TheposterchildoftheresistancemovementagainstaddictiveappsisformerGoogle“designethicist”TristanHarris.Hethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareproviders.In2014,Harrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.Anytechbusinessthatreliesonadvertisingprofitsismotivatedtoholditsusersonlineforaslongaspossible,Harrissays.Thismeansappsarespecificallydesignedtokeepusinthem.Apple,ontheotherhand,wantstosellphonesbutdoesn’thaveaprofitstreamsotightlyconnectedtotheamountoftimeitscustomersspendonline.HarrishopesthatcompanieslikeApplecouldusetheirinfluencetoencouragemoremorallydesignedapps.WhileIwaitforAppletosortthisout,Ifindmyselflongingforsomethingcalleda“LightPhone”,acredit-card-sizedhandsetthatdoesabsolutelynothingbutmakeandreceivecalls.Pricetag?$150.Seemsexpensive.Butthecompany’swebsiteisverypersuasive.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whatmakesussogluedtooursmartphones？A．People'sinbornbehaviours. B．Appdevelopers’intentionC．User-friendlyapps D．Hardwareproviders6．WhatdoesDopamineLabs'sfounderbelieve?A．Techbusinesseshavegonetoofarincontrollingusers’mindsB．Persuasivetechnologiesaredangeroustousers’cognitiveliberty.C．ThepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesdeservesmoreattentionD．Everyonecanlivethelifetheydesirebyusingpersuasivetechnologies.7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedwords“Theposterchild”inparagraph5?A．Theadvertiser B．TheadvocateC．Theopponent D．Thefounder8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Dowehavearighttocognitiveliberty?B．Whathavepersuasivetechdonetous?C．Whyadumbphoneisasmartmove?D．Howsmartphonesshapeourminds?【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者主要讲述为什么要把智能手机换成傻瓜手机。5．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“Thisisnotaccidental.Developershavebecomeevenmoreunashamedintheirattemptstokeepushookedonoursmartphones.”（发生这一切不是偶然的。为了让我们一刻都离不开我们的智能手机，开发人员的手段越来越肆无忌惮了。）可知，开发人员想尽一切办法让我们离不开手机，所以我们对手机上瘾是开发人员有意为之的。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据题干DopamineLabs'sfounder定位到第四段，再根据第四段倒数第二句“Hethinksthereshouldbemoreconversationaroundthepersuasivepowerofthetechnologiesbeingused.”（他认为，应该对说服技术的使用进行更广泛的讨论。）可知C选项表达了他的看法。故选C。7．词句猜测题。根据本句后半部分isformerGoogle“designethicist”TristanHarris.（是前谷歌“设计伦理学家”特里斯坦•哈里斯。）可知，主语应该指人，再结合横线后theresistancemovementagainstaddictiveapps（抵制易上瘾应用运动）以及Hethinksthepowertochangethesystemliesnotwithappdevelopersbutwiththehardwareproviders.In2014,Harrisfounded“TimeWellSpent”,agroupthatcampaignsformoremoraldesignpracticesamongdevelopers.（他认为，改变目前这一体系的力量不掌握在应用开发人员手上，而掌握在硬件提供商手中。早在2014年，哈里斯就创建了一个名叫“光阴不虚度”组织，呼吁开发公司在应用开发过程中坚持设计伦理。）可知，哈里斯是抵制易上瘾应用运动的代表人物，所以Theposterchild应指该运动的支持者，代表人物；A.Theadvertiser顾问；B.Theadvocate支持者；C.Theopponent反对者；D.Thefounder创始人。故选B。8．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段作者提出Itis,Ithink,theonlyapponmyphoneI’dreallymisswereItoswapmysmartphonefora“dumb”onethathandlesonlycallsandtextmessages.（如果我要将现在的智能手机换成只能打电话、发短信的“傻瓜”手机，它(谷歌地图)可能是我唯一真正想念的一个应用了）；第二段It’sbecauseeverytimeItrytoreadabook,Ienduppickingupmyphoneinstead.IkeepinterruptingmyowntrainofthoughtinordertodosomethingthatIdon’tconsciouslywanttodo.（因为每当我想读会儿书时，我最终拿起的却是手机。为了做一些我不愿做的事，我不停地打断自己的思路。）进一步说明自己想换“傻瓜”手机的理由；第三、四、五段引用科学研究理论来说明手机正试图改变你大脑中的化学成份，让你花更多时间做你不想做的事情，以及技术界试图帮助我们重新获得自控力等理论依据，可知，本文主要讲述为什么要把智能手机换成傻瓜手机。故选C。（二）Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?A20-yearstudyconductedbyDr.Gilovich,aprofessoratCormellUniversity,reachedapowerfulandstraightforwardconclusion:don'tspendyourmoneyonthings.Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.Wegetusedtonewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklybecomesthenorm.Wekeepraisingthebarandalwayslookforanevenbetterone.Possessions,bytheirnature,causecomparisons.Webuyanewcarandarethrilledwithituntilafriendbuysabetterone—andthere'salwayssomeonewithabetterone.Mostofususuallyassumethatthehappinesswegetfrombuyingsomethingwilllastaslongasthethingitself.Itseemsintuitive(直觉的)thatinvestinginsomethingwecansee,hear,andtouchonapermanentbasisdeliversthebestvalue.Butit'snotthecaseatall.Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceisunique.Wearenotourpossessions,butwearetheaccumulationofeverythingwe'veseen,thethingswe'vedone,andtheplaceswe'vebeento.“Ourexperiencesareabiggerpartofourselvesthanourmaterialgoods,”saidGilovich.“Youcanreallylikeyourmaterialstuff.Youcaneventhinkthatpartofyouridentityisconnectedtothosethings,buttheyremainseparatefromyou.Incontrast,yourexperiencesreallyarepartofyou.Wearethesumtotalofourexperiences.”Besides,wedon'tcompareexperiencesinthesamewaythatwecomparethings.It'shardtoquantifytherelativevalueofanytwoexperiences,whichmakesthemthatmuchmoreenjoyable.Andexpectationofanexperiencecausesexcitementandenjoyment,whileexpectationofobtainingapossessioncausesimpatience.Experiencesareenjoyablefromtheveryfirstmomentsofplanning,allthewaythroughtothememoriesyoukeepforever.Thetemporaryhappinessachievedbybuyingthingscanberegardedas“puddles(水坑)ofpleasure.”Inotherwords,thatkindofhappinessevaporates(蒸发)quicklyandleavesuswantingmore.Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthememoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.9．Theunderlinedphrase“petersout”canbereplacedby_________________.A．diesaway B．istoolittle C．isnotreal D．coststoomuch10．WhatdoesGilovichthinkofexperiences?A．Experiencesdeliverless-lastinghappinessthanthings.B．Experiencescanexistinourmemoryforever.C．Ourexperiencestakeupallpartsofourselves.D．Ourexperiencesarewhatseparateusfromothers.11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．ExperiencescanbecomparedwitheachotherB．ExpectinganexperienceincreasesourfeelingofanxietyC．PeoplearemorelikelytobeimpatientwhenbuyingthingsD．Spiritualwealthisthemostvaluableforus12．Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howcanwegainhappinesswithmoney?B．Howcanwemakehappinesslastlong?C．Whyshouldwespendmoneyonexperiencesinsteadofthings?D．Whydoexperiencesachievepermanenthappinessthanthings?【答案】9．A 10．D 11．D 12．C【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者论证说明了一个道理“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”。9.词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句后一句提到“Wegetusedtonewpossessions,andwhatonceseemedexcitingquicklybecomesthenorm.”（我们习惯了新拥有的东西，曾经令人兴奋的东西很快就变成了常态。），即可推断出新拥有的东西，能够带来的快乐是短暂的，很快就会“消失”，petersout对应的同义词应是“dieaway”，故选A。10.细节理解题。根据第二段提到“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.Experiencesbecomeapartofouridentity.Everyone'sexperienceisunique.”（吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。经历成为我们身份的一部分。每个人的经历都是独一无二的。）可知，吉洛维奇（Gilovich）认为经历是个人身份的象征，个人的经历形成与他人的区别，故选D。11.推理判断题。根据第二段首句提到“Thetroublewiththingsisthatthehappinesstheyprovidepetersout.”（问题是，事物所带来的快乐会逐渐消失。）及第三段首句提到“Gilovichhasfoundthatexperiencesdelivermore-lastinghappinessthanthings.”（吉洛维奇发现，体验比物质更能带来持久的幸福。）及最后一段最后一句提到“Thingsmaylastlongerthanexperiences,butthememoriesthatremainarewhatmattermost.”（事物可能比经历更持久，但留下的记忆才是最重要的。）可推断出，在作者的观点看来，事物可能留存的时间比经历更久，但是并不能带来长久的幸福，而经历留下的精神财富才是最重要的，故选D。12.主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了事物能够带来的幸福是短暂，经历留下来的精神财富才是最重要的；再根据第一段首句，引出文章主题“Wehavetomakecertainourlimitedmoneyiswellspent.Butwhatshouldwespendourmoneyon?”（我们必须确保有限的钱花得值。但是我们应该把钱花在什么地方呢），所以本文主要想表达的主题是“为什么要把钱花在经历上，而不是事物上”，故选C。（三）It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat’s15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,“She’snotlookingatyou.”Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgaze(凝视)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatars(虚拟头像)whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa”andrealizedshewasn'tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa"onacomputerscreen.TheysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersectedMonaLisa’sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe“MonaLisa”portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn’tsure.It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”justthoughtitwasacoolname.13．Whatisgenerallybelievedaboutthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”?A．Sheattractstheviewerstolookback.B．Sheseemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyes.C．Shefixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewers.D．Shelooksattheviewerswherevertheystand.14．WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?A． B．C． D．15．Whywastheexperimentinvolving24peopleconducted?A．ToconfirmHorstmann'sbelief.B．Tocreateartificial-intelligenceavatars.C．TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa’sgaze.D．ToexplainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied.16．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Horstmannthinksit’scooltocointheterm"MonaLisaeffect”B．TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.C．FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattentionD．Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers'judgment【答案】13.D 14.B 15.A 16.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过解析达芬奇的名画蒙娜丽莎给人的误解，来进一步解释了人们注视对方时的角度影响着被注视人的感觉。13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.”（人们通常认为，达芬奇名画蒙娜丽莎似乎在回视着观察者，无论他们站在屋里的什么地方），可知，蒙娜丽莎给人的感觉是，人们在注视她的同时，她也在看着人们。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据文章“Aslongastheangleoftheperson’sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.”（只要这个人凝视的视角在任何两边不超过5度，那么蒙娜丽莎的效应就会发生），可知，左右5度的范围是蒙娜丽莎效应发生的视角条件，B图符合句意。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onacomputerscreen.”（为了确认不只是他有这样的感觉，他邀请了24个人去看电脑屏幕上的蒙娜丽莎图像），可知，他用24个人去做实验，只是为了验证自己的想法。故选A。16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，“It’spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.”（他说，很可能是人们有被注视的渴望，所以他们认为这个女人在看着他们），可知，大多数人觉得蒙娜丽莎看着自己，其实都是自己的错觉。故选C。（四）Gettingstuckwithgiftswedonotwantisnosmallproblem.Inasurveyacross14countriesinEurope,meanwhile,1in7saidtheywereunhappywithwhattheyreceivedforChristmas,yetmorethanhalfsimplykeptthegifts.Whycan’tmoregiftsbepassedalongtopeoplewhoappreciatethem?PeopleinastudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchwordsasguilty,lazy,thoughtlessanddisrespectfulindescribingtheirfeelingsaboutregifting.Popularculturecastsitastaboo(禁忌),aswell.However,ourresearchwithFrancisJ.Flynn,aprofessoroforganizationalbehavioratStanfordUniversity’sGraduateSchoolofBusiness,suggeststheshameassociatedwithregiftingislargelyunwarranted.Indeed,ourresearchconsistentlytellsusthatpeopleoverestimatethenegativeconsequences.Weaskedpeopletoimaginethemselvesasa“giver,”whogivessomeoneagiftcardandlaterlearnedithadbeenregifted.Thegeneralattitudeoftheoriginalgiverswas:“It’syourgift,dowhatyouwantwithit.”Next,weaskedgiverstocompareregiftingasupposedwristwatchwiththrowingitinthetrash.Fortheoriginalgivers,regiftingthewatchwasamuchlessoffensiveactthantrashingit.Finally,weinvitedtoourlabatStanfordpeoplewhohadrecentlyreceivedpresents,anddividedthepeopleintotwogroups.Whenwegavethefirstgroupanopportunitytoregiftthatpresent,9%didso.Whenwegavethesecondgroupthesameopportunity,weaddedthatitwas“NationalRegiftingDay”.Itwasn'treallyNationalRegiftingDay,butthegroupdidn’tknowthat:30%ofthemagreedtoregift.Everyonehasreceivedunwantedgiftsintheirlives,andgenerallywewillreceivemoreinthefuture.Ourresearchoffersasimplesolutiontothatproblem.Thisholidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragereceiversofyourgiftstodothesameifwhatyougavethemisn'tquitewhattheyhopedfor.17．WhydoestheauthormentionthestudyinJournalofConsumerBehaviour?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofregifting.B．Toshowpeople’sattitudestoregifting.C．Tochallengetherightnessofregifting.D．Toexpresshisconcernforregifting.18．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“unwarranted”?A．Unnecessary. B．Uncertain.C．Unimportant. D．Unconscious.19．Whatdoweknowabouttheresearch?A．9%simplykeptunwantedgifts.B．30%didn’tknowNationalRegiftingDay.C．Giversgenerallydidn’tmindregifting.D．Receiverstendedtotrashunwantedgifts.20．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Regiftingisoffensive. B．Regiftingisforbidden.C．Regiftingispopular. D．Regiftingisacceptable.【答案】17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对转送礼物的看法和态度以及对此进行的调查研究。17．推理判断题。根据第二段的PeopleinastudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerBehaviour,forinstance,usedsuchwordsasguilty,lazy,thoughtlessanddisrespectfulindescribingtheirfeelingsaboutregifting.可知，在《消费者行为杂志》上发表的一项研究中，人们用罪恶，懒惰，轻率和无礼的词语来形容他们对转送礼物的感觉。从而推断出，作者在《消费者行为杂志》中提到该研究是想表明人们对转送礼物的态度。故选B。18．词义猜测题。根据第二段的Popularculturecastsitastaboo(禁忌),aswell.可知，大多数人认为把得到的礼物转送出是一个禁忌，也就是不应该送出去。而第三段就使用了however这个词进行了转折，然而没那么多人觉得这是禁忌，表示这种情况是被高估了的。再根据第三段Indeed,ourresearchconsistentlytellsusthatpeopleoverestimatethenegativeconsequences.可知，研究表明人们高估了与转送礼物相关的耻辱的负面后果。可以猜测出上一句意思是：但是，与转送礼物相关的耻辱在很大程度上是没有必要的。因为我们高估了它。所以可以猜出unwarranted的意思是“不必要的”。故选A。19．细节理解题。根据第四段的Thegeneralattitudeoftheoriginalgiverswas:“It’syourgift,dowhatyouwantwithit.“可知，原始送礼者的总体态度是：“这是您的礼物，随您便吧。”由此可知，一般来说，送礼者都不介意把礼物给别人。故选C。20．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thisholidayseason,considerregifting,andencouragereceiversofyourgiftstodothesameifwhatyougavethemisn'tquitewhattheyhopedfor.鼓励收到你的礼物的人可以将不喜欢的礼物转送给别人。由此可知，这是在鼓励人们转送礼物，即转送礼物是可以接受的。故选D。（五）Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseeli