(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练9 语法填空(解析版)

语法填空语法填空大题优练9优选例题优选例题A【2020·山东卷】Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,1(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig2untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,3(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum4openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic5(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection6(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine7(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor8(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical9(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete10people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.【答案】1.wealthy 2.or 3.formed 4.which/that 5.arecalled6.is 7.themselves 8.walking 9.accuracy 10.for【解析】本文为一篇说明文，说明了博物馆的部分藏品的来源以及其面临的挑战。1.考查形容词。根据空格后的名词与所给提示词wealth，判断此处需填形容词，故填wealthy。2.考查连词。根据空格前的untilitgottoobig与空格后的untiltheydied，判断此处为选择关系，故填or。3.考查时态。根据前文提到的时间状语inthe18thand19thcenturies，判断此处需用一般过去时，故填formed。4.考查连词。根据空格前的先行词theBritishMuseum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。5.考查被动语态。根据空格前的主语theparts与所给提示词call，判断此处为被动语态，且此处表陈述事实，故填arecalled。6.考查主谓一致。根据空格前的主语asmallpart与所给提示词，判断此处为谓语动词，且主语asmallpart为单数形式，故填is。7.考查反身代词。根据空格前的主语visitors、谓语动词imagine与所给提示词they，判断此处为反身代词，故填themselves。8.考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的or，判断此处为与前面的livingatadifferenttimeinhistory为选择关系，因此此处需用v-ing形式，故填walking。9.考查名词。根据空格前的形容词Historical与空格后的系动词is，判断此处需用名词形式，故填accuracy。10.考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’ssparetimeandmoney，判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语competefor，故填for。B【2020·全国II卷】DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa11(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers12(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth13(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore14decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes15(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.16(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated17health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy18(care)forandmakegreatpresents.BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The19(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare20firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.【答案】11.celebration 12.carries 13.coming 14.than 15.decorated16.Certainly 17.with 18.tocare 19.beautiful 20.the【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了为什么在中国新年期间，人们用植物、水果和花装饰家里，以及列举了用来装饰的最流行的植物、水果和花。11.考查名词。由设空处前a，可判断此处需填名词形式，且为单数形式，故填celebration。12.考查一般现在时和主谓一致。why引导表语从句，从句中是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。13.考查非谓语动词。主句为theyrepresenttheearthandbestwishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且theearth与comeback为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作theearth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。14.考查连词。句意：桔子树不只是装饰。morethan表示“超过，不只是”，结合句意，故填than。15.考查非谓语动词。主句为youseethem，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orangetrees与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。16.考查副词。此处为副词修饰整句话，且位于句首，故填Certainly。17.考查介词。beassociatedwith为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，故填with。18.考查非谓语动词。sth.iseasytodo，表示“某事容易……”，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填tocare。19.考查形容词。有the_______longbranches，可判断此处为形容词修饰名词branches，故填beautiful。20.考查冠词。thefirsttodo，表示“最先……”，故填the。模拟优练模拟优练ADevoteyourselftotheworkyoudo,nottheprizeyoumightget.HaoJingfang,aTsinghuaUniversitygraduate,ispursuingherpassionforwritingandeducation.In2016,shewon1HugoAwardwithhershortnovel,FoldingBeijing,whichmadeherthefirstfemalewriterinChinatobringhomethisprize.Lateron,theauthor2(turn)toeducation.ShesetupTongxingAcademyforpublicwelfareeducationandWePlanets3(develop)children’screativityafterschool.Sincebuildinghercompany,Haohasbeencarryingoutvoluntaryteaching4(program)inruralareas.“We5(real)wantthesekidstohavebettereducationresourceslikekidsfromthecities,”shesaid.Besides,6(difference)fromthetypicalChineseparentssoambitiousfortheirchildren,Haosuggests7(give)kidsmorespacefortrialanderror.“Letthechildrenhandlethereality8decideforthemselves.Iftheystrugglewithobstacles,youcanofferthemsomeguidanceorencouragement,”Haosaid.Shealsoencouragesallwomentodiscovertheirpassions.“Welive9abig,bigworldwithendlesspossibilities.Don’tbetooafraidtotrysomethingnew.Whenyoufindtheonethingthatyouwanttocommitto,you10(become)fearlesstofollowyourdream.”【答案】1.the 2.turned 3.todevelop 4.programs 5.really6.different 7.giving 8.and 9.in 10.willbecome【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了清华大学毕业生郝景芳的事迹。1.考查冠词。“雨果奖”前面需要加定冠词，表特指。故填the。2.考查动词时态。该句前面有表示过去时间的状语Lateron，因此用过去时。故填turned。3.考查不定式。句意：她建立童行学院和童行星球，旨在课后开发学生的创造力。此处做目的状语用不定式，故填todevelop。4.考查名词复数。句意：郝景芳在乡下实施了很多志愿教学项目。根据句意，用名词复数，表示不止一个教学项目。故填programs。5.考查副词。句意：我们真正想要农村孩子能获得比城里孩子更好的教育资源｡修饰动词用副词。故填really。6.考查形容词。句意：郝景芳和典型的中国家长不一样｡说明主语用形容词作伴随状语。故填different。7.考查动名词。句意：她建议给孩子更多试错的空间｡suggestdoingsth.“建议做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填giving。8.考查连词。句意：让孩子自己处理遇到的问题并做决定｡此处与handle是并列关系，应用and。故填and。9.考查介词。句意：我们生活在大千世界，拥有无穷可能性｡inabig,bigworld指的是在一个大千世界。填in。10.考查动词时态。句意：当发现自己想从事的事情时，就会无畏地追寻梦想｡此处描述将来发生的事情，When引导时间状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。故填willbecome。BRoofsandwindowsofbuildingsaren’ttheonlysurfacesthatcanbeusedtoproducesolarpower.InChina,11(construct)hasbegunofthecountry’sfirstsolarhighway,inwhichsolarpanelsareplacedunderneathtransparentconcrete.Thesolarhighwayisa2kmstretch(一段)ofroad12(lie)ontheJinanCityExpressway,andit’sdividedintothreelayers.Thesee-throughconcreteprotectsasetofsolarpanelsoftwo13(size).Beneaththesolarpanels14(be)alayerthatseparatesthemfromthedampground.Theroad15(it)hasalreadybeencompleted,andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(输电网),16isexpectedtobefinishedbytheendoftheyearalongsidethecompletionoftheJinanExpressway’ssouthsection.Thisisn’tthefirstsolarroadChinahasworkedon.Earlierthisyear,theQiluTransportationDevelopmentGroup,alsohandlingtheJinanExpresswaysolarroad,17(build)a160-meter-longsolarroadin18cityofJinan.Ithastheabilityofheatinguptokeepthehighwayclear19snowandiceandisableto20(wireless)chargeelectricvehicles.Thenewsolarhighwayisexpectedtoonedaybeequippedwiththesamefeatures.【答案】construction 12.lying 13.sizes 14.is 15.itself16.which 17.built 18.the 19.of 20.wirelessly【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了太阳能高速公路。中国第一条太阳能高速公路的建设已经开始，在这条高速公路上，太阳能板被放置在透明的混凝土下面，它能够加热，使高速公路不受冰雪的影响，并且能够对电动汽车进行无线充电。11.考查名词。在中国，中国第一条太阳能高速公路的建设已经开始，在这条高速公路上，太阳能板被放置在透明的混凝土下面。用名词做主语，construct（建设）是动词，故答案为construction。12.考查现在分词。这条高速公路是济南市高速公路上的一条2公里长的公路，它被分为三层。此处是现在分词做后置定语，故答案为lying。13.考查名词复数。这种透明混凝土保护了一套两种尺寸的太阳能电池板。根据two可知此处名词用复数形式，故把size改成sizes。14.考查时态。将它们与潮湿的地面分开的一层在太阳能电池板下面。此句是全部倒装，句子是一般现在时态，主语是alayer，单数第三人称，故答案为is。15.考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself做同位语，故答案为itself。16.考查非限制性定语从句。此处thegrid是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做主语，故答案为which。17.考查时态。句意：今年早些时候，齐鲁运输发展集团也在济南市高速公路上修建了一条160米长的太阳能公路。根据Earlierthisyear可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为built。18.考查定冠词。inthecityof...：在……市，the表示特指。故在city前加the。19.考查介词。句意：它能够加热，使高速公路不受冰雪的影响，并且能够对电动汽车进行无线充电。keepclearof...：远离……，为固定短语。故答案为of。20.考查副词。此处charge（充电）是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为wirelessly（无线地）。CWithseasonaltemperaturesbreakingrecordsalmosteveryyear,treespecies21(expect)toadapttothechangesbyslowlyshiftingtheirpopulationcentersnorthward.But22recentsurveyshowsthetrendtowardwestwardmovementiseven23(strong)thanexpected—insomecases,specieshaveshiftedtheirrangestowestbyasmuchas73percent.Thesurveyshowsthatroughlythree-quartersofthe86treespecies24(survey)haveshiftedtheirpopulationcenterswestward251980.Obviously,treesaren’tuprooting26(them)andmovingelsewhere.Thesurveyprovidesinsightintogeneralpopulationtrendsasyoungtreescontinuetotakerootinwestwardland,whilesomeoftheolder27(plant)ofthespeciesintheeasternareasareslowlydyingout.Inthisway,thecenterofaspecies,rangecangraduallyshiftovertime.Thoughscientistsaren’tsure28iscausingthischange,thepublishersofthestudythinkthatit’sconnectedtorainfall.RainfalltotalsacrosstheUnitedStateshavechanged,29(cause)areassuchastheSoutheasttoexperiencesignificantlylessrainannually,whiletheGreatPlainsisgettingfarmorethanitshistoricalaverage.Forthisreason,mosttreesaremovingtowardthe30(increasing)wateryplains.【答案】21.areexpected 22.a 23.stronger 24.surveyed 25.since26.themselves 27.plants 28.what 29.causing 30.increasingly【解析】本文是一篇科普类文章。本文主要讲述由于季节性气候的变化，树种也在向北转移来适应这些变化。调查显示，大约有3/4的树种向西迁移，移到西部的小树继续生根而东部的古老植物却在慢慢地灭绝。尽管科学家们不确定是什么导致了这一变化，但已出版的研究认为它与降雨有关。21.考查语态。本句中的expect的宾语是treespecies，故本句中要用被动语态。因为expectsb/sth.todo，而sth/sb.beexpected，故本空要填areexpected。22.考查冠词。此处说的是最近的一项调查，指的数量“一”，故填a。23.考查比较级。本空是作系动词is的表语。根据than可知，要用比较级，本空要填形容词的比较级（stronger），故填stronger。24.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中的treespecies是被调查，所以要用过去分词surveyed作后置定语。故填surveyed。25.考查连词。本句中用了现在完成时，可知连词用since（自从）+过去的时间状语，主句用现在完成时。故填since。26.考查反身代词。句意：树木本身不会把它们自己（themselves）拔出来移动到别的地方。故填themselves。27.考查名词。句意：而东部地区的一些古老植物物种正在慢慢灭绝。根据someof，可知应该是植物的复数plants。故填plants。28.考查名词从句。本句中sure后所带的从句中缺少主语。缺少主语要用what。句意：尽管科学家们不确定是什么造成了这种变化，但研究者认为这与降雨有关。故填what。29.考查非谓语作结果状语。句意：美国各地的降雨总量发生了变化，导致东南部等地区每年降水量显著减少。由此可判断，前面的降雨量的变化，自然而然地导致了东南部等地降水量的减少，是可以推断出的结果，要用动词的ing形式作状语的，故填causing。30.考查副词作状语修饰形容词。本句中的increasing作状语修饰形容词watery。修饰形容词要用副词形式，而increasing是形容词，因此要用其副词形式increasingly。DACCTVjournalistsucceededinarousinga31(heat)discussionamongnetizensbyaskingpeople32theyarehappy.Theresponsestothequestionwerevarious,evensomequitefunnyones33(include).Althoughsomepeopleplayedjokes34theanswers,itdidn’ttakelongbeforetheybegantofigureoutthetruemeaningsofhappiness.Itiscertainthatpeople’sviewsonhappiness35(affect)greatlybytheirownlifeexperience36(fortunate),toomanypeoplerefertobeingrichashappiness.Somepeople37intentionistomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirincome,38(believe)thatiswheretheirhappiness.Someareeagertoinher