高中英语动词不定式课件

高中英语动词不定式高中英语动词不定式so……that……adj/adv+enoughtodosth

becaughtinasaresultofasaresultwakeupto形式宾语make/think/feel/find…+it+adjtodo…形式主语Itis+adj+(forsb)todo/doing/从句preventsb/sth(from)doingsthoneafteranothersweepawayhaveaneffecton……so……that……

takeingiveoutIcouldn’tagreewithyoumoreIhavenoideainanutshellIt’sscaryI’lldomybestfromwhatIunderstandput…into……takeawayifpossibletrytodosthlookafterthinkabouttakein非谓语动词doing

动名词&现在分词done

过去分词todo

不定式todo

可以作除谓语之外的任何成分

非谓语动词doing动名词&现在分词done过去分词to不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。HeseemstoknowFrench.(同时发生)Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.

hearfromyou

动作在expect之后2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生并在进行中。Hepretendstobeworkinghard.3)完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.先发生一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动关于句子成分：必不可少的成分：主语+谓语(+宾语)

主语+系动词+表语其它成分：定语，状语，补足语I

hadaverydifficult

job

todo

inmyoffice

yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语定语地点状语时间状语关于句子成分：主语谓语定语宾语定语地点状语时间状语不定式的句法功能：作主语谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.youarefoolish在形式主语中Itis+adj+forsbtodo…与Itis+adj+ofsbtodo……的区别forsb结构中adj表示事情的特征，指客观情况ofsb结构中adj说明sb的特征。Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.不定式的句法功能：youarefoolish在Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.

wearenecessary×2)作表语(系动词之后为表语)Yourjobistowashdishes.

AllI

didwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。3)作宾语在vt之后用todo

形式此类动词：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等ItisnecessaryforustolearShepromisedtogivehimachance.4)作宾语补足语v+sb/sth+todo(补充说明)此类动词：want,wish,ask,tell,teach,allow等Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.注意：

todo

在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾补时，省略to.而help之后的to可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogowithme.Couldyouhelpme(to)repairthecar?ShepromisedtogivehimachaThedoctormakehimgiveupdrinking.被动：Hewasmadetogiveup

drinking.(主语补足语)5)作定语(修饰名词)

todo

作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系，如：Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.(动宾关系)ThedoctormakehimgiveupdrHekeepshispromise

towritetousregularly.(同位关系)动宾关系时：定语todo

的动词如果是不及物动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如：Haveyougotapencil

todrawpictures

with.Heisamantodepend

on.6)作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)HekeepshispromisetowriteHehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(结果)Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(条件)IcametoBeijingtoseeyou.(目的状语)作目的状语时todo

中的to

可用inorderto

或soasto代替，以加强语气，soasto

不放句首Inordertoseeyou,IcametoBeijing.IcametoBeijingsoastoseeyou.否定时，用inordernotto或soasnotto而不用notto.HehurriedtotheschoolonlyTheystartedveryearlyinordernotto/soasnottomissthetrain.Theystartedearlynottomissthetrain.X两个结构：①too……to……

太……而不能……Sheistoonervoustoanswerthequestion.如果too前有否定词，整个句子用否定表肯定，表示一种委婉含义，译为“不太”It’snevertoolatetomend.改过不嫌晚当too前有only,all,but

时too=veryTheystartedveryearlyinordIamonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高兴能帮助你。Shewasbuttooeagertogethome.她很想回家adj+enough+todo

足够……去做……7)todo与疑问词(how,what,where,when等)连用起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.ThisisjustwhatIwant.Iamonlytoopleasedtobeab8)todo

中的省略①todo

中动词do的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.notto=nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet为了避免重复，省略了to后内容.常出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出现在beglad,behappy,wouldlike,wouldlove等结构之后，如：__Wouldyouliketogowithme?__Iwouldliketo.8)todo中的省略②省略to

的常见情况：⑴在某些情态动词和助动词do,shall,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare等后面，省去to,如：Youmuststayherenow.⑵see,hear,watch,notice,feel……make,let,have

+宾语+do⑶在“why(not)+不定式”结构中，不定式不带toWhyspendsomuchmoney?Whynotlethimhaveatry?②省略to的常见情况：+宾语+do⑶在“why(not)⑷如果介词except,but

前面有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式不带to,其他情况带toMarydidnothingexcept/butcleanthedishes.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.⑸下列固定短语：

can’t(couldn’t)butdo……can’t(couldn’t)helpbutdo……can’tchoosebutdo……不得不

hadbetter,wouldrather,

之后+doIcannotbut

solvetheproblembymyself.Iwouldrather

stayathomethangoout.⑷如果介词except,but前面有动词do的某种形式，其不定式的被动式Hepreferredtobegivensomeheavierworktodo.

todo

逻辑上的主语是do动作的承受者时，用不定式被动形式。Hedidn’texpectthebook

tobesowellreceived.Hepreferredtohavebeengivensomeheavierworktodo.不定式的被动式在“Therebe”句型中，当说话人考虑的是有人去完成某事时，用todo的主动形式。如果强调事情本身必须要做时，则用todo的被动形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.有许多工作要（人）去做。（需要人去做工作）Thereisalotofworktobedone.有许多工作要做。（工作需要被做）

Thereisnothingtodo.(什么都不做，无所事事)Thereisnothingtobedone.(任何事情都做不了，没有办法了)在“Therebe”句型中，当说话人考虑的是有人去完成主动表被动的情况Westillhavemanydifficulties

toovercome.(1)不定式todo与其修饰名词构成动宾关系(overcomethedifficulties)，又和该句主语构成逻辑主谓关系(Weovercomedifficulties)时，不定式常用主动式。He

needsaroom

tolivein.(heliveinaroom)Weshouldtakemeasuresinsteadofwaitinghereforproblems

tobesolved.(等着问题解决，主语不是we)IfeelreallytiredbecauseIstillhavemanyproblems

tosolve.(Isolvetheproblems)主动表被动的情况(2)在“主语+系动词+adj+todo”结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系，且adj表示主语的特征或性质。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous，cheap，fit，heavy

等Heisnoteasytopersuade.(topersuadehim)Heishard

totalkto.(totalktohim)(2)在“主语+系动词+adj+todo”结高中英语动词不定式高中英语动词不定式so……that……adj/adv+enoughtodosth

becaughtinasaresultofasaresultwakeupto形式宾语make/think/feel/find…+it+adjtodo…形式主语Itis+adj+(forsb)todo/doing/从句preventsb/sth(from)doingsthoneafteranothersweepawayhaveaneffecton……so……that……

takeingiveoutIcouldn’tagreewithyoumoreIhavenoideainanutshellIt’sscaryI’lldomybestfromwhatIunderstandput…into……takeawayifpossibletrytodosthlookafterthinkabouttakein非谓语动词doing

动名词&现在分词done

过去分词todo

不定式todo

可以作除谓语之外的任何成分

非谓语动词doing动名词&现在分词done过去分词to不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo不定式的形式：其否定形式：nottodo一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。HeseemstoknowFrench.(同时发生)Iexpecttohearfromyousoon.

hearfromyou

动作在expect之后2)进行式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生并在进行中。Hepretendstobeworkinghard.3)完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.先发生一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动关于句子成分：必不可少的成分：主语+谓语(+宾语)

主语+系动词+表语其它成分：定语，状语，补足语I

hadaverydifficult

job

todo

inmyoffice

yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语定语地点状语时间状语关于句子成分：主语谓语定语宾语定语地点状语时间状语不定式的句法功能：作主语谓语动词用单三形式，常用it作形式主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.youarefoolish在形式主语中Itis+adj+forsbtodo…与Itis+adj+ofsbtodo……的区别forsb结构中adj表示事情的特征，指客观情况ofsb结构中adj说明sb的特征。Itisfoolishofyoutosaysuchwords.不定式的句法功能：youarefoolish在Itisnecessaryforustolearnourlessonswell.

wearenecessary×2)作表语(系动词之后为表语)Yourjobistowashdishes.

AllI

didwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.表语不定式如果解释主语中do的意义时，to可以省略。3)作宾语在vt之后用todo

形式此类动词：decide,hope,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,manage,agree,promise,等ItisnecessaryforustolearShepromisedtogivehimachance.4)作宾语补足语v+sb/sth+todo(补充说明)此类动词：want,wish,ask,tell,teach,allow等Hetoldmenottobringyouanything.注意：

todo

在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后面作宾补时，省略to.而help之后的to可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogowithme.Couldyouhelpme(to)repairthecar?ShepromisedtogivehimachaThedoctormakehimgiveupdrinking.被动：Hewasmadetogiveup

drinking.(主语补足语)5)作定语(修饰名词)

todo

作定语与所饰名词有以下关系：主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系，如：Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主谓关系)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.(动宾关系)ThedoctormakehimgiveupdrHekeepshispromise

towritetousregularly.(同位关系)动宾关系时：定语todo

的动词如果是不及物动词或情况需要时，后面应加有必要的介词，如：Haveyougotapencil

todrawpictures

with.Heisamantodepend

on.6)作状语：目的，原因，结果，条件Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)HekeepshispromisetowriteHehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.(结果)Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.(条件)IcametoBeijingtoseeyou.(目的状语)作目的状语时todo

中的to

可用inorderto

或soasto代替，以加强语气，soasto

不放句首Inordertoseeyou,IcametoBeijing.IcametoBeijingsoastoseeyou.否定时，用inordernotto或soasnotto而不用notto.HehurriedtotheschoolonlyTheystartedveryearlyinordernotto/soasnottomissthetrain.Theystartedearlynottomissthetrain.X两个结构：①too……to……

太……而不能……Sheistoonervoustoanswerthequestion.如果too前有否定词，整个句子用否定表肯定，表示一种委婉含义，译为“不太”It’snevertoolatetomend.改过不嫌晚当too前有only,all,but

时too=veryTheystartedveryearlyinordIamonlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高兴能帮助你。Shewasbuttooeagertogethome.她很想回家adj+enough+todo

足够……去做……7)todo与疑问词(how,what,where,when等)连用起名词作用，可做主语，表语，宾语，补足语Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisstillunknown.Noonetoldmewheretofindhim.ThisisjustwhatIwant.Iamonlytoopleasedtobeab8)todo

中的省略①todo

中动词do的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.notto=nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet为了避免重复，省略了to后内容.常出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或出现在beglad,behappy,wouldlike,wouldlove等结构之后，如：__Wouldyouliketogowithme?__Iwouldliketo.8)todo中的省略②省略to

的常见情况：⑴在某些情态动词和助动词do,shall,will,would,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare等后面，省去to,如：Youmuststayherenow.⑵see,hear,watch,notice,feel……make,let,have

+宾语+do⑶在“why(not)+不定式”结构中，不定式不带toWhyspendsomuchmoney?Whynotlethimhaveatry?②省略to的常见情况：+宾语+do⑶在“why(not)⑷如果介词except,but

前面有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式不带to,其他情况带toMarydidnothingexcept/butcleanthedishes.Ithadnoeffectexcepttomakehimangry.⑸下列固定短语：

can’t(couldn’t)butdo……can’t(couldn’t)helpbutdo……can’tchoosebutdo……不得不

hadbetter,wouldrather,

之后+doIcannotbut

solvetheproblembymyself.Iwouldrather

stayathomethangoout.⑷如果介词except,but前面有动词do的某种形式，其不定式的被动式Heprefer