2022届湖南省岳阳市岳阳县高三下学期适应性考试英语试题（解析版）

岳阳县2022届高三适应性考试英语试卷时量：120分钟；满分：150分。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。毎段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday?A.Shesawadoctor.B.Shewenttoaclass.C.Sheworkedatahospital.2.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Hotelclerkandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Employeeandboss.3.Whenwilltheflighttakeoff?A.At5:00pm.B.At6:30pm.C.At7:30pm.4.What'stheman'sattitudetowardthewoman'sidea?A.Interested.B.Opposed.C.Surprised.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aninjuredman.B.Drunkdriving.C.Anemergency.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，分22.5分)听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howwastheweatherrecently?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.7.Wherewillthespeakersmostprobablygothismorning?A.Ahorsefarm.B.Arepairshop.C.Apark.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wheredidthemanenjoyhimselfthemost?A.InJapan.B.InSingapore.C.InFrance.9.Whatdidtheman'smotherespeciallylikedoing?A.ExperiencingJapaneseculture.B.Skiinginamountain.C.Learningaboutfashion.听第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whywasthewomaninthewaterthatday?A.Shewasinadivingcontest.B.Shewasfeedingseaanimals.C.Shewastrainingawhale.11.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shegotinjuredunexpectedly.B.Shelostherbreathingequipment.C.Shegotnumbnessinhertwolegs.12.What'sthewoman'sattitudetowardMila?A.Concerned.B.Thankful.C.Disappointed.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howdidthewoman'shusbandhelpherwithherfirstbook?A.Byencouraginghertowrite.B.Byofferingsomecharacterstoher.C.Bysharinghisinspirationaboutthetheme.14.Whatdoesthewomanmainlywritefor?A.Pupils.B.Adults.C.Teenagers.15.Whichbookwaswrittenbythecouple?A.ConnectTheStars.B.LoverWalkedIn.C.BelongToMe.16.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataradiostudio.B.Atabookstore.C.Ataschool.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题17.Howdidthespeakerbecomeamodel?A.Shewasfoundbyanagency.B.Shemajoredinmodeling.C.Sheturnedtoanagency.18.Whatproblemdidthespeakerface?A.Lookingveryfat.B.Havingnoworkasamodel.C.Havingverylimitedtimeforstudy.19.Whatmadethespeakerfeelhappyagain?A.Thejoyofregularreading.B.Therealizationofherdream.C.Animportantlessonfromabook.20.Whatdoesthespeakerattachimportancetonow?A.Runningherownagency.B.Regainingherconfidence.C.Studyinginschool.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHerearesomeoftheOlympianswhohaveshownthespiritoftheOlympicsintheiruniquewaysatthe2022BeijingOlympicGames.BrittanyBoweThe33-year-oldBrittanyBowevoluntarilygaveupherspotontheUS500-meterspeedskatingteamtoherteammateandfriendErinJackson.Itcostheroneofthetwospotsatthe2022BeijingOlympicGames.Jackson,theworld'stop-rankedwomanfortheevent,slippedduringtheUSOlympicqualifyingcontest.“YouarealwaysrankednumberoneintheworldandnooneismoredeservingthanyoutogetanopportunitytocompeteinBeijing,”BowetoldJackson.MikaelaShiffrinThe26-year-oldAlpineskier,whohaswonmoreWorldCupracesthananyoneinhistory,womanorman,didn'tfinishthreeofherfiveracesinBeijingaftereitherfallingorskiingoutofthecoursewithinamatterofseconds.“Idon'tknowifanybody'sfailedthathardwithsomanyopportunities—maybeinthehistoryoftheOlympics.ButIwillfacethosefailureswithsportsmanship,”shejoked.EileenGuThe18-year-old“SnowPrincess”hasstruggledinqualifyinginbothofherOlympicevents.Shefellonceduringthebigairjumpsandhadtoincreasethetechnicaldifficultyinthethirdroundtoensureherspotinthefinal,whereshewentontowinthegoldmedal,“Idon'tknowwhyIkeptfailing,”Gusaid.“ButI'mhappyIwasabletoturnpressureintofuelandpushthrough,”LindseyJacobellisAftera16-yearmedaldrought(旱季),the36-year-oldeventuallyoverpoweredamuchyoungerfieldofcompetitorsduringthewomen'ssnowboardcrossandwonherfirstcareer(职业)goldinBeijing.Shewentontocompeteatthefirst-evermixedteamsnowboardcrosseventwith40-year-oldteammateNickBaumgartner—againwinninggold.“Don'tcounttheoldgirlout,”Jacobellissaidjokingly.1.WhicheventdidEileenGutakepartin?A.Bigairjump. B.Snowboardcross.C.Alpineskiing. D.500-meterspeedskating.2.HowoldwasLindseyJacobelliswhenshewonherfirstgoldmedal?A.16. B.18. C.36. D.41.3.Whoputsfriendshipbeforecompetition?A.NickBaumgartner. B.BrittanyBowe.C.MikaelaShiffrin. D.ErinJackson.B“Everythinghappensforthebest,”mymothersaidwheneverIfaceddisappointment.“Ifyoucancarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Andyou'llrealizethatitwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment.”Motherwasright,asIdiscoveredaftergraduatingfromcollegein1932.Ihaddecidedtotryforajobinradio,thenworkmywayuptosportsannouncer.Ihitchhiked(搭便车)toChicagoandknockedonthedoorofeverystation—andgotturneddowneverytime.Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn'triskhiringinexperiencedperson.“Gooutintheremoteareasandfindasmallstationthat'llgiveyouachance,”shesaid.IwentbackhometoDixon,Illinois.Whiletherewasnoradio-announcingjobsinDixon,myfathersaidMontgomeryWardhadopenedastoreandwantedalocalathletetomanageitssportsdepartment.SinceDixonwaswhereIhadplayedhighschoolfootball,Iapplied.Thejobsoundedjustrightforme.ButIwasn'thired.Mydisappointmentmusthaveshown.“Everythinghappensforthebest,”Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.ItriedWOCRadioinDavenport,Iowa.Theprogramdirector,awonderfulScotsmannamedPeterMacArthur,toldmetheyhadalreadyhiredanannouncer.AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover(沸溢，发怒).Iaskedaloud,“Howcanafellowgettobeasportannouncerifhecan'tgetajobinaradiostation?”IwaswaitingfortheelevatorwhenIheardMacArthurcalling,“Whatwasthatyousaidaboutsports?Doyouknowanythingaboutfootball?”Thenhestoodmebeforeamicrophoneandaskedmetobroadcastanimaginarygame.Theprecedingautumn,myteamhadwonagameinthelast20secondswitha65-yardrun.Idida15-minuteboosttothatplay,andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday'sgame!Onmywayhome,asIhavemanytimessince,Ithoughtofmymother'swords:“Ifyoucarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.Somethingwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment”.4.Thereasonwhytheauthorwasn'thiredinChicagowasprobablythat____________.A.heshowednoconfidenceatthestationsB.therewerenojobavailableatthestationsC.hehadnoexperienceinradiobroadcastingD.thereweretoomanypeoplecompetingwithhim5.Welearnfromthepassagethat____________.A.thefrustrationoftheauthorpreventedhimfromperformingwellatWOCRadioB.bothoftheauthor'sparentsshowedsupportwhenhewastryingtosearchforajobC.PeterMacArthurrecognizetheauthor'stalentinbroadcastingafterreadinghisresume.D.theauthorlostallhishopeandcouragewhenhewasturneddownbyMontgomeryWard6.Whatwasmostlikelytheauthor'sattitudetowardsPeterMacArthur?A.HewasworriedthatPeterwouldn'tbelieveinhisabilityB.HewasafraidthathisloudinnerclamwouldannoyPeterC.HewasangrythatPeterdidn'tofferhimasatisfyingpotentialD.HewasgratefulthatPetercouldnoticehisbroadcastingpotential7.Whatlessoncanyoulearnfromtheauthor'sexperienceinthepassage?A.Wellbegunishalfdone B.PreventionisbetterthancureC.Nocross,nocrown D.RomewasnotbuiltinadayCWatchinghisfatherdiewithoutoxygensupportwhilesufferingfromaheartattackin2020,TaherMahmudTarif,aBangladeahiboy,madeuphismindtobuildadevicetopreventanymoresuchtragicdeaths.Afterwards,manyCOVID-19patientsexperiencedlowoxygenlevelsintheirblood,withdemandforoxygenconcentrators(浓缩器)amongothermedicalequipmentshootingupduringtherecentsharpriseincases.Tarifsaidthesituationgavehimmoredrivingforcetobuildthedevice.WiththefinancialandoverallsupportofIshwardiUNOofficeandhiseducationalinstitution,Tarif'sdeterminationandtirelesseffortswererewardedwithsuccessastheninthgraderofIshwardiSaraMarwariHighSchoolmanagedtomaketheconcentratoraftertryingfivetimesforaboutsevenmonths,mainlyusingdomesticcomponents.Hesaidthatalocallymadeoxygenconcentratorlikehiscostsapproximately$760whereasanimportedonedoesover$2,600.InJune,TarifgaveadetailedaccountofhisinventionandmanufactureattheUNOofficeinIshwardiat11:00amonTuesday.Hesaiditwascreatedfromhisownthinkingandwiththeadditionoflocaltechnologygeneratorsandelectriccomponents.Anoxygenconcentratortakesinairandremovesnitrogen(氮气)fromit,leavingoxygen-enrichedgasforusebypeopleneedingmedicaloxygen.“About90percentoxygenconcentrationcanbegeneratedfrommyoxygenconcentratormachine.Thismachinecanprovidehigh-flowoxygensupplytoo.Itcanbeveryhandyinlocalareaswithnoscopeofgettingoxygensupport,”Tarifadded.“Thisisobviouslyagoodinventionforoxygengeneration.Itiscapableofproducinghigh-flowoxygensoitcanbeusedforpatientsorrefillingoxygenbottles,”saidanassistantprofessorofPabnaMedicalCollegeHospital.“Despitemorelabandotherexaminationsbeforeusingthemachineasmedicalequipment,”theUNOsaid,“Tarif'sinventionwillprobablybeagreatachievementduringthisalarmingCOVID-19situation.”8.WhydidTarifbuildanoxygenconcentrator?A.Becausehisfatherneededone.B.BecausehisfatherdiedofCOVID-19.C.BecauseCOVID-19patientsneedoxygen.D.Becausehewantstohelpsaveotherpatients.9.WhatcanweknowaboutTarif'sinventioninParagraph2?A.Itmostlyconsistsoflocalparts. B.Itsucceededatthefirstattempt.C.Itwasmadewithoutothers'help. D.Itcostsmorethan2,600dollars.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Tarif'sinventionhasnotbeentestedyet.B.Tarif'sinventionhasapromisingfuture.C.Tarif'sinventionproducesoxygenbottles.D.Tarif'sinventionhasprovedusefulforCOVID-19.11.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Abrochure. C.Anewspaper. D.Anovel.DTheheadoftheVirginHyperloop(超级高铁)transportsystemsaysthecompanyaimstobegincarryingpassengersby2027.TheVirginHyperloopsystemisbasedonatechnologycalledmagneticlevitation(磁悬浮).Itusesmagneticfieldstoliftavehicleoffthegroundalittleandtopushitforward.Somehigh-speedtrainsalsousethistechnology.Butunliketrains,aHyperloopisdesignedtooperatewithintubescontainingverylittleair.Electricforcemovesvehicles,calledpods,throughthetubesathighspeeds.Thesystemoffersnearlysilenttravelandreportedlyreleasesnocarbonemissions.Thesystem'spodsaredesignedtomoveatmuchhigherspeeds,upto1,200kilometersperhour.ItsayssuchavehiclecouldcompleteatripbetweenNewYorkandWashington,D.C.in30minutes.Thatwouldbetwotimesasfastasajetflightandfourtimesfasterthanahigh-speedtrain.Thepodswillseat28passengersandcouldbespeciallydesignedtotravellongorshortdistances,ortocarrygoods,thecompanysaid.Whilethesystemisstillinearlydevelopment,itispredictedthatcommercialoperationscouldstartasearlyas2027.VirginHyperloopislookingtofirstdeveloppassengersystemsinIndia,wherethetransportsystemisovercrowded,andinSaudiArabia,whichlacksinfrastructure(基础设施).Itcouldbethefirstformoftransportationin100yearstorevolutionizetravel,ascars,trainsandairplanesdidbefore.“ItstartsoffwithtwopeopleridingaHyperloop.ItendswithhundredsofmillionsofpeopleridingonaHyperloopandthat'swhatthe2020s—theroaring2020s—willbe,”headded.VirginHyperloophaspartnersthatincludeVirginGroupfounderRichardBransonandtheportoperationscompanyDPWorld,whichisownedbytheDubaigovernment.12.What'sthedifferencebetweenaHyperloopandahigh-speedtrain?A.AHyperlooprunsinaspacewithlittleair.B.Ahigh-speedtraintravelsatahigherspeed.C.AHyperloopusesmagneticlevitationtechnique.D.Ahigh-speedtrainismoreenvironment-friendly.13.WhatadvantageofaHyperloopdoestheauthormentioninparagraph4?A.Itssize. B.Itsspeed. C.Itssafety. D.Itsservice.14.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheHyperloopsystem?A.Itwilltakealongtimetoimprove. B.Itwillreplacethetraditionalvehicles.C.Itwillbeamilestonefortransportation. D.Itisonlysuitableforcountrieswithheavytraffic.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ACleanFormofTransportationIsontheHorizonB.TraditionalTransportationWillFaceGreatChallengesC.HighTechnologyBringsGreatConveniencetoTravelD.TheHyperloopPlanstoStartCarryingPassengersby2027第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Adele'snewalbum,“30”,isfinallyavailable.Lastmonth,hundredsofmillionsofusstreameditsfirstsingle,“EasyOnMe.”Thissongarousesfeelingsnoteasilyputintowords,butwecanprobablyagreeitisasadsong.___16___Yetsadmusicdoespullusinandliftusup.Let'sstartwithabiologicaltheory.Whenweexperiencereal-lifeloss,orempathize(体会)withanother'spain,certainhormonesarereleasedwithinus.___17___Theydosobymakingusfeelcalmedandsupported.FeelingAdele'spain,orrecallingourown,maycausesuchchemicalchangeswithinus.Psychologically,akeyreasonweenjoysadsongsisthattheyprofoundlymoveus.Feelingmovedcancomefromussuddenlyfeelingclosertootherpeople.Indeed,whenwehavelistenedto“30”,wemayturntoreactionvideostoseehowothersfeel.___18___Anditboostsourfeelingofbeingmovedandtriggersfeelingsofcomfortandbelonging.___19___Adele'ssongsallowustoviewthepleasureintermsofthemeaningshehelpsusmake.Adeletakeshardlifeexperiencesandmakessenseofthem.Thisiswhatmuchsadartdoes.Ittakesthepainandsufferingoftheworldandgivesitmeaning.AsphilosopherFriedrichNietzscheonceputit,someonewhohasawhytolivecanbearalmostanyhow.Ultimately,welistentoAdele'ssongswhenwewanttorecall,reflect,orbelong.Theyletusfeelhersadness,shareoursuffering,andconnectwithothers.Toallofus,Adele'ssongssay:___20___A.Youarenotaloneinyourpain.B.Musicspeakslouderthanwords.C.Thesehelpustotacklelossandpain.D.Wecanalsothinkatthespirituallevel.E.Fewpeopleareawaresadmusicmakesusfeelgood.F.Thisletsusshareanemotionalexperiencewithothers.G.Thismaymakeusbetterpreparedforwhenreallossstrikes.第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Monthsearlier,mywifeLisahadjustwokenupat4:45whensheheardvoicescomingfromtheupstairsroom.Andthenshedecidedto____21____what'sgoingon.She____22____thatourson,Hunter,hadbeenplayingavideogamesincehegothomefromschoolthepreviousday.Whatshefound____23____bothofus.Weweretiredofthe____24____oftimeHunterspentplayingvideogames.Hewouldoftensleepuntil1:00or2:00pmonSaturdaysbecausehe___25___playinggamesuntil2:00or3:00inthemorning.IcameupwithanideaandtoldittoLisa.____26____immediately,video-gametimeinourhousewouldhavetobe____27____,justlikemoney.Isetthe____28____rate:Eachmile____29____equals30minutesofvideo-gameplay.Thefirstcoupleofdaysdidn'tgovery_____30_____.Insteadofchoosingtorun,hedecidedto_____31_____thenewprogramandspendthattimesleeping.Eventually,Huntercamearound,andthetemptation(诱惑)ofplayinggameswasjusttoomuch.Hedecidedhewould_____32_____.Fivemonthslater,Hunterwas_____33_____whenhefinishedsecondinhisagegroupinhisfirst10K,achievedthirdinhisfirst10-milerace,andcompletedsecondinhisfirsthalfmarathon.Recently,hetookfirstplaceinthe25KindowntownHouston.Hunter's_____34_____nowistohavethefastestmarathontimeinourfamily.Runningteacheshimtoinvesttimethatneedstobespentin_____35_____efforts,todohardthings,andthentoenjoyareward.21.A.answer B.know C.see D.respond22.A.discovered B.reminded C.founded D.admitted23.A.thrilled B.scared C.annoyed D.delighted24.A.style B.amount C.fact D.number25.A.wokeup B.appliedfor C.stayedup D.showedoff26.A.Impressive B.Positive C.Attractive D.Effective27.A.lent B.received C.borrowed D.earned28.A.interest B.exchange C.calculation D.assessment29.A.swim B.jump C.run D.walk30.A.smoothly B.obviously C.naturally D.badly31.A.begin B.refuse C.accept D.change32.A.giveitashot B.makeitarule C.keepitasecret D.makeitapoint33.A.relaxed B.disappointed C.embarrassed D.excited34.A.work B.skill C.goal D.trust35.A.fit B.fast C.perfect D.worthwhile第二节（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lotsofforeignersdon'tunderstandwhysomanyChinesepeoplearesorrowfulaboutYuanLongping'spassingaway.Thisremindsme____36____anissuemorethan20yearsago,____37____IwasaChinesejournalistintheUS.SomeAmericanscholars____38____(think)Chinacouldhardlyrealizefood-sufficiencybecauseofthe____39____(limit)waterresources,decreaseofagriculturallandduetoindustrial____40____(expand)andthefastpopulationgrowth.Justatthattime,YuanLongpingannouncedbreakthroughsinplantingthenewrice.____41____(bring)tolargeareaapplication,thistechniqueimprovedtheannualgrowthofricegreatly,whichfed____42____populationof60million—equaltothewholeoftheUK.Westernscholars'predictionofChinabackthenwasindeedanalyzingChina'sproblems,buttheyfailed____43____(realize)thattheChinesepeoplehavethecapabilitytodealwiththesechallenges.IftheyhadhadanyknowledgeofYuanwhoworkeddevotedlyforourcountry,theywouldn'thavemadesuchpessimisticevaluations.WhydidtheChinesepeoplemake____44____?WhyaresomanypredictionsaboutChinaintheWest____45____(accurate)?It'stimetochangemindstobetterunderstandChina.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分） 你校传统中国画社团正打算向外籍留学生招募新成员，请你以社团的名义写一则招聘启事，内容如下：1.启事目的；2.加入社团的好处；3.如何加入。注意：1.词数100词左右；2.开头和落款已经为你写好。NewMembersWanted____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TraditionalChinesePaintingClub第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Assoonashisworkdayended,Jordanrushedoutoftheoffice.Hedrovehiscartothenearestsupermarkettoprepareforhismother'ssurprisebirthdaypartythatevening.UnfortunatelyforJordan,itwasFridayandtheparkinglotwaspackedwithshoppers.Hehadtodrivearoundlookingforaspacetopark.Afternearly20minutes,henoticedaspace,butthatwasspeciallyusedforunloadinggoods.Hehesitatedforawhile,butthinkingshoppingwouldtakehimjustafewminutes,heparkedhiscarthereandrushedintothesupermarket.Hehurrieddowntheaisles(过道),checkingtheshoppinglisthissisterhadmessagedhim.SoonJordanhadalmosteverything.Nowhejustneededtopickoutabirthdaycake.“Justafewminutesmore,”herepeatedthesewordsinhismindseveraltimesashespeddownthetargetaisle.Butwhenhegotthere,therewasalonglineofpeoplewantingtobuycakesorcookies.Hewasgettingmoreandmoreanxious,andbegantoregretnotorderingacakethedaybefore.Halfanhourlater,itwasfinallyhisturn.Heaskedforachocolatecake,andcarefullyplaceditinthecart.Nowhecouldgo!Jordanracedtowardsthenearesttill(收款处).“Oh,Ireallyhavegoodluck!”hethought.“There'snoonethere!”However,outofthecornerofhiseye,hesawsomeoneapproachingthetillaheadofhim.Itwasayoungwoman.Thinkinghewouldsurelybelateifhefailedtocheckoutbeforethewoman,hedecidedtotakeaction.Hepushedhisshoppingcartforwardandnarrowlymissedhittingher.“Hey!”thewomancried.“Becareful.Youcouldhavehurtme!Jordanfeltembarrassed,buthepretendednottohear.Hequicklypaidforallhisgoodsandrushedoutofthesupermarket,leavingthewomanstaringathimfrombehind.Helookedathiswatchandimaginedthathewouldmakeitwithgoodluck.注意：1.续写词数应为150（左右）；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Whenreturningtotheparkinglot,Jordanfoundhiscarwasgone.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Jordanfeltsurprisedthatthewomanshouldgivehimalift.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________################################################听力答案：1-20ABCBACABBACBABAAABCB【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了一些在奥运会上展示奥运精神的奥运选手。1.细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“EileenGuThe18-year-old“SnowPrincess”hasstruggledinqualifyinginbothofherOlympicevents.Shefellonceduringthebigairjumpsandhadtoincreasethetechnicaldifficultyinthethirdroundtoensureherspotinthefinal,whereshewentontowinthegoldmedal（谷爱凌：这位18岁的“雪公主”在两个奥运项目的预选赛中都遇到了困难。她在滑雪大跳台摔倒了一次，在第三轮比赛中，她不得不提高技术难度以确保进入决赛，并在决赛中赢得金牌）”可知，艾琳·顾参加了滑雪大跳台项目。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“LindseyJacobellisAftera16-yearmedaldrought(旱季),the36-year-oldeventuallyoverpoweredamuchyoungerfieldofcompetitorsduringthewomen'ssnowboardcrossandwonherfirstcareer(职业)goldinBeijing.”（雅科贝里斯：在经历了16年的奖牌荒后，36岁的雅科贝里斯最终在女子单板滑雪交叉项目中战胜了年轻得多的选手，在北京奥运会上赢得了她职业生涯中的第一块金牌。）可知，雅科贝里斯在36岁赢得了她的第一枚金牌。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据第二段“BrittanyBoweThe33-year-oldBrittanyBowevoluntarilygaveupherspotontheUS500-meterspeedskatingteamtoherteammateandfriendErinJackson.Itcostheroneofthetwospotsatthe2022BeijingOlympicGames.”（布列塔尼鲍：33岁的布列塔尼·鲍（BrittanyBowe）自愿将她在美国500米速滑队的位置让给了她的队友兼朋友艾琳·杰克逊（ErinJackson）。这让她失去了参加2022年北京奥运会的两个名额之一。）可知，布列塔尼鲍将友谊置于竞争之上。故选B。【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己找工作所遇到的挫折，正好印证了作者母亲曾经说过的话“如果你坚持下去，总有一天会有好事发生。你会意识到，如果没有以前的挫折就不会有现在的一切。”4.细节理解题。根据第二段的Inonestudio,akindladytoldmethatinmostcasesbigstationscouldn'triskhiringinexperiencedperson.可知，他被拒绝的原因可能是没有工作经验，故选C。5.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Everythinghappensforthebest,”Momremindedme.Dadofferedmethecartohuntforjobs.可知，作者的父母都非常支持作者找工作，故选B。6.推理判断题。根据第五段开头AsIlefthisoffice,myfrustrationboiledover(沸溢，发怒).可知，作者开始时被拒绝，心情很沮丧。然后根据本段最后andPetertoldmeIwouldbebroadcastingSaturday'sgame!可知PeterMacArthur最后给了作者这份工作机会。由此可以推出，作者的心情由怒转喜，作者对PeterMacArthur是感激的，故选D。7.推理判断题。根据作者的经历及文章最后一段的Somethingwouldn'thavehappenedifnotforthatpreviousdisappointment可知，作者的经历让我们懂得：没有苦难，就没有成功，故选C。A.Wellbegunishalfdone良好的开端是成功的一半；B.Preventionisbetterthancure与其补救于已然，不如防止于未然；C.Nocross,nocrown没有苦难，就没有成功；D.Romewasnotbuiltinaday罗马不是一天建成的。【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。孟加拉国的一位少年在经历了父亲因缺氧去世，又目睹了新冠疫情下众多病人因缺氧生命危在旦夕之后，在自己的不懈努力和当地联合国组织的资助下，成功利用国内配件自制出氧气压缩机。8.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Watchinghisfatherdiewithoutoxygensupportwhilesufferingfromaheartattackin2020,TaherMahmudTarif,aBangladeahiboy,madeuphismindtobuildadevicetopreventanymoresuchtragicdeaths.（2020年，孟加拉国男孩塔希尔·马哈茂德·塔里夫（TaherMahmudTarif）看着父亲因心脏病发作而在没有氧气支持的情况下去世，他决心制造一种装置，以防止更多这样的悲剧死亡。）”和最后一句“Tarifsaidthesituationgavehimmoredrivingforcetobuildthedevice.（塔里夫说，这种情况给了他制造这种设备的更多动力。）”可知，Tarif的父亲因缺氧去世队及新冠病人需要氧气的现状是他发明氧气压缩机的动机，即为了拯救更多因缺氧而危在旦夕的病人。故选D。9.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“WiththefinancialandoverallsupportofIshwardiUNOofficeandhiseducationalinstitution,Tarif'sdeterminationandtirelesseffortswererewardedwithsuccessastheninthgraderofIshwardiSaraMarwariHighSchoolmanagedtomaketheconcentratoraftertryingfivetimesforaboutsevenmonths,mainlyusingdomesticcomponents.（在IshwardiUNO办公室和他的教育机构的财政和全面支持下，Tarif的决心和不懈的努力得到了成功的回报。IshwardiSaraMarwari高中的九年级学生在尝试了大约七个月后，成功地制作了集中器，主要使用国产组件。）”可知，UNO和他的教育机构给予了Tarif资助和支持，Tarif经历了七个月、五次尝试才发明出氧气压缩机，氧气压缩机主要使用国内配件。故选A。10.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Despitemorelabandotherexaminations,agreatachievementduringthisalarmingCOVID-19situation.（尽管进行了更多的实验室和其他检查，但在这种令人担忧的COVID-19形势下，取得了巨大的成就。）”可知，尽管这项发明在正式作为医疗器械之前还需要更多的试验和测试，它很可能将在应对疫情中发挥重要的作用。故选B。11.推理判断题。本文围绕孟加拉国少年Tarif发明氧气压缩机而展开，第一段介绍了氧气压缩机的发明背景，第二段叙述了Tarif发明氧气压缩机的过程，第三段说明了氧气压缩机的工作原理，最后一段展望了氧气压缩机的应用前景。所以本文很有可能是一篇选自报纸的新闻报道。故选C。【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍将在2027年开始载客运行的超级高铁因其最高速度达每小时1200公里而成为运输业的一个里程碑。12.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Butunliketrains,aHyperloopisdesignedtooperatewithintubescontainingverylittleair.（但与火车不同是，超级高铁的设计是在空气含量极低的管道中运行）”可知，超级高铁在空气稀薄的空间里运行。故选A项。13.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和第三句“Thesystem'spodsaredesignedtomoveatmuchhigherspeeds,upto1,200kilometersperhour....Thatwouldbetwotimesasfastasajetflightandfourtimesfasterthanahigh-speedtrain.（该系统的车厢被设计得可以以更快的速度移动，最高可达每小时1200公里。……这将是喷气式飞机飞行速度的两倍，比高速火车快四倍）”可知，超级高铁的优点是它的速度。故选B项。14.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Itcouldbethefirstformoftransportationin100yearstorevolutionizetravel,ascars,trainsandairplanesdidbefore.（它可能是100年来第一种彻底改变旅行的交通工具，就像以前的汽车、火车和飞机一样）”可知，超级高铁系统将彻底改变