(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第4册　Unit 1　Science Fiction (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的2．absurdadj.荒谬的；荒唐的3．laddern．梯子；阶梯4．whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管5．rumourn．谣言；传闻6．presumevt.&vi.假定；假设7．faren．车费；船费；飞机票价8．alienn．外星人(生物)；外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的9．blurredadj.模糊不清的；难以区分的10．inactionn．无行动；不采取措施11．bonusn．意外收获；奖金；红利12．nailn．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定13．suspendvt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓14．grammen．克(重量单位)15．venuen．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)16．paneln．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组17．inchn．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)18．handkerchiefn．手帕；纸巾19．levern．操纵杆；杠杆20．gripvt.&vi.紧握；抓紧21．hazyadj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的22．puffn．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息23．joltn．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.&vi.(使)震动；摇晃24．flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛25．stunvt.使震惊，使昏迷26．overstatementn．夸大；夸张27．IsaacAsimov艾萨克·阿西莫夫28．Braille(alsobraille)布拉耶盲文(凸点符号)29．TheThree-BodyProblem《三体》30．HugoAward雨果奖Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．fictionn．小说；虚构的事2．integrityn．诚实正直；完整；完好3．dignityn．庄重；庄严；尊严4．salaryn．薪水；薪金5．saleswomann．女售货员；女推销员6．dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除7．weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊8．chairwomann．女主席；女董事长；女委员长9．flourn．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉10．salesmann．售货员；推销员11．superioradj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的12．labourn．劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作13．leathern．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套14．backwardsadv.向后；倒着；往回15．niecen．侄女；外甥女16．fetchvt.(去)拿来；(去)请来17．lampn．灯；台灯18．pacen．速度；步伐；节奏vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏19．randomadj.随机的；不可思议的20．maximumadj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．appointmentn．预约；约会；委任→appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定2．guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guiltn．内疚3．declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→declarationn．宣称；声明4．calculatevt.计算；核算；预测→calculatorn．计算器→calculationn．计算5．divisionn．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→dividevt.分开；分散；分配；分享6．urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的7．explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→explosionn．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增8．mudn．泥；泥浆→muddyadj.泥泞的Ⅳ.核心短语1．testout检验；测试2．morelike更像是；更接近3．ona...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)4．prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对5．superiorto比……更好；更胜一筹6．takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7．conflictwith与……冲突或抵触8．turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9．fallaway(逐渐)减少；消失10．haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做某事高频词汇来助力1．mysteryn．神秘；神秘的事物2．nationwideadj.全国范围的；全国性的3．negotiatevi.谈判；商议4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区5．normaln．&adj.正常的(状态)6．nutritionn．营养；营养品7．obtainvt.得到8．occupationn．职业；占有经典句式需悟通1．Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她一转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。2．Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。3．Itwasatteno’clocktodaythatthefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。4．Lookingaround，Isawmylaboratoryexactlyasbefore.环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。5．ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)1．absurdadj.荒谬的；荒唐2．whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管3．rumourn．谣言；传闻4．faren．车费；船费；飞机票价5．blurredadj.模糊不清的；难以区分的6．gripvt.&vi.紧握；抓紧7．hazyadj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的8．stunvt.使震惊，使昏迷9．overstatementn．夸大；夸张Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共26分)10．dignityn．庄重；庄严；尊严11．salaryn．薪水；薪金12．dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除13．weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊14．flourn．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉15．superioradj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的16．labourn．劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作17．leathern．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套18．niecen．侄女；外甥女19．fetchvt.(去)拿来；(去)请来20．lampn．灯；台灯21．randomadj.随机的；不可思议的22．maximumadj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)23．appointmentn．预约；约会；委任→appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定24．guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guiltn．内疚25．declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→declarationn．宣称；声明26．calculatevt.计算；核算；预测→calculatorn．计算器→calculationn．计算27．divisionn．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→dividevt.分开；分散；分配；分享28．urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的29．explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→explosionn．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)30．mysteryn．神秘；神秘的事物31．nationwideadj.全国范围的；全国性的32．negotiatevi.谈判；商议33．nutritionn．营养；营养品34．occupationn．职业；占有Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)35．testout检验；测试36．ona...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)37．superiorto比……更好，更胜一筹38．takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手39．conflictwith与……冲突或抵触40．turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是41．haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做某事Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)1．Theflourmadeinthisfactoryisfarsuperiortothatinthatfactoryinquality.2．Wordcamethatabombplantedinagarbagecanexplodeearlytoday.3．Unfortunately，hewasdismissedfromthejobandledamiserablelife.4．May1isInternationalLabourDayandmostpeoplewillenjoyarelativelylongholiday.5．Inthedryseasons，thevillagershavetowalkseveralmilestofetch(取)waterfordailyuse.6．Thejobwillrequireyoutotakeadvantageofallyourskillstothemaximum(最大量)．7．Iprefertherelaxedpace(节奏)oflifeinthecountry.8．Ithasbeencalculated(计算)thatatleast47,000employeesweredismissedlastyear.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)9．LiHuahasbeenappointedaschairmanoftheStudents’AssociationandIwillwritealettertocongratulatehimonhisappointment.(appointment)10．IamguiltyofthesillymistakeImadeyesterdayandnowordscanexpressmyguilt.(guilty)11．HedeclaredthathewouldputhumansonMarsinlessthanadecade，buthisdeclarationprovedunrealistic.(declare)12．YesterdaytheemployerurgedhisemployeestodealwiththeurgentmattersbyFriday.(urge)13．Theexplosionwascausedbyburstofagaspipe，whichmadethebossexplodewithanger.(explode)14．Youcanuseacalculatortocalculatetheaveragemarkoftheclassandthenyourcalculation(s)canbeaccurate.(calculate)15．Astheworkcanbedivided(division)amongseveralpeople，itcanbedoneeffectively.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)16．这是我的关于如何增强你和其他人交流能力的建议。(全部倒装)Herearemytipsonhowtostrengthenyourabilitytocommunicatewithothers.17．我非常高兴收到您的来信。Iammorethandelightedtoreceiveyourletter.18．不是你被给予了什么而是你如何利用它才决定着你是谁。(强调句)Itisnotwhatyouaregivenbuthowyoumakeuseofitthatdetermineswhoyouare.19．秘书工作到深夜，为总统准备长篇演讲。Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight，preparingalongspeechforthePresident.20．我的叔叔在世时，他烟抽得很厉害。Myunclesmokedlikeachimneywhenhewasliving.Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分AhouseholdrobotnamedTonywasgoingto1.betested(test)outinafamilybyClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthebeginning，butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtthefirstsightofTony，Clairewas2.alarmed(alarm)，fortherobotseemedmorelikeahuman3.thanamachine，handsomewithsmoothhairandadeepvoice.WhenTonyofferedtohelpherdress，Clairefeltembarrassed.Clairecomplainedthatshewasn’tcleverandTonyshowedsympathyforher,4.whichshethoughtwasquiteridiculous.5.Gradually(gradual)，TonybegantowinClaire’strust.Asafavor，TonyhelpedClairemakeherselfsmarterandherhome6.moreelegant(elegant)．In7.anexpensiveclothesshop，whenthesaleswomanwasrudetoher，sherangTonyupforhelp.TonymadethewomanchangeherimpoliteattitudeandClairewasgratefultoTony,8.saying(say)thathewasa“dear”．However，thescenewasdiscoveredbyGladysClaffernandthusClairefelt9.guilty(guilt)．Claireweptsorrowfullyafterarrivinghome.Tocomforther，Tonysuggestedthatshe10.(should)invite(invite)Gladysandherfriendstothehousewhichwouldhavebeencompletelytransformedbythen.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元UsingLanguage部分eq\x(hazy，pace，puff，explode，jolt，urge，maximum，lever)TheTimeMachineToday，atteno’clockIgavethefirstTimeMachinealastcheckandsatmyselfintheleatherseat.Idrewabreath，pushedthestarting1.leveronthemainpanelandgrippedthelever.Thelaboratorywent2.hazyaroundme.Itwashardtoexplainthestrangeandunpleasantfeelingoftimetraveling.Asmy3.pacegrewfaster，thewallsofthelaboratoryfellawayandIwasleftintheopenair.Isawtreesgrowinglike4.puffsofsmoke.Isuddenlyhadastrong5.urgetolookattherandomthingsthatwerebeingflashedbeforemyeyes.SolongasItravelledat6.maximumspeed，itdidn’tmatter.ButifIstoppedandthesamespacewasbeingoccupiedbysomethingelse，wewouldbeforcedtogetherand7.explodelikeabomb.Thenlikeanimpatientfool，Ipulledtheleverbackwardshard.Withasudden8.jolt，theTimeMachinewasflippedonitssideandIwasthrownthroughtheair.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Whatgreatlystunnedmewasthathewasguiltyofacrimeandwasputinprison.(2)Ifeltguiltyfor/at/aboutmyconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.•beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧•guiltn．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶”，脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。①“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”saidshe，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(独立主格结构)urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Itisstronglyurgedthatallthelamps(should)beturned(turn)outduringthenight.(2)AfterIhavereceivedmybonus，Ihaveastrongurgetobuy(buy)manysciencefictions.(3)Mybossurgedmetocalculate(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.＝MybossurgedthatI(should)calculate(calculate)thesalariesofallthesalesmenandsaleswomen.•have/feelanurgetodosth.有强烈的欲望做某事•urgesb.todosth.催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth.极力主张/强调……做某事•urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(4)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。①Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrentotakeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgesb.todo)②Parentsshouldactivelyurgethattheirchildren(should)takeadvantageoftheopportunitytoparticipateinoutdooractivities.(urgethat...)ona...basis根据；以……的方式基准先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theytestoutthemachineonaregularbasisincasetheremaybesomethingwrongwithit.(2)Onthebasisofthesefacts，wecanconcludethattheridiculousrumorwasspreadbymyniece.onaregularbasis例行地；有规律地；定期地onadaily/weeklybasis每天/每周onthebasisof/that...以……为基础再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级·背诵(3)(简单表达)Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingeveryday，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.(高级表达)Hehasformedthehabitofgettingupearlyandexercisingonadailybasis，whichenableshimtokeepphysicallyhealthy.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeup占去；占据；开始从事根据句意用take短语的正确形式完成下面语段Aftertakingoverthefirmfromhisfather，Tomtookinsomescientificideasandtookonsomeexperiencedandhard-workingworkers，whichsuggestedthathisfirmwouldtakeoffsoon.Tomheldthestrongbeliefthathisfirmwouldtakeonanewlookinthenearfuture.turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是先练基础——一词多义写出下列句子中turnout的汉语意思(1)Heturnedouttobeguiltyofhismeanwordsandtearsofregretblurredhiseyes.结果是(2)Keepinmindthatyoumustturnoutthelampinyourroomwhenyouleave.关掉；熄灭(3)Thebossdeclaredthatallthestaffmustturnoutforthemeeting.出席；在场(4)ThefactoryturnedouttwiceasmanyTVsetsthisyearaslastyear.生产；制造turndown拒绝；关小；调低turnin上交turnover翻身；移交；转变turnto求助于；转向turnup出现；调高再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵(5)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。Allthecandidatesmustturnintheapplicationformsandrelevantmaterialsbeforethedeadline.(6)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。Withsomanydifficultmathproblemstohandle，Imustturntomyteacherforhelp.(7)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。Youhadbetterturnuppunctuallyorafewminutesearlierthantheappointedtime.morethan多于，超过；不仅仅；非常先练基础——一词多义写出下列句子中morethan的汉语意思(1)Sheboughtmorethantenhandkerchiefsandtwopairsofleathershoesatatime，whichmadehermotherexplodewithanger.多于；超过(2)Iammorethangladtohelpyouanalyzetheprosandconsofthechoiceyouhavemade.非常(3)Heismorethanmyteacher；heisalsomyfriend.不仅仅•morethan＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于overmorethan＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于notonlymorethan＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very•moreAthanB与其说B不如说A再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵(4)Iwouldbemorethandelighted(我会非常高兴)ifyoucouldcomeandjoininmybirthdaypartyat7p．m.nextFridayatmyhome.Therewillbemorethantenfriends(将会有十几个朋友)．Thepartyismorethanforfun(派对不仅仅是为了玩)；itisalsoformutualcommunication.Sopleaseacceptmysincereinvitation.修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用like，as。能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他的笑容灿烂得如宝石一样闪闪发光。Whenheheardustalkingaboutthecolorfullife，thesmileonhisfaceshonelikeadiamond.(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。Itmurmuredinasoftvoicelikealittlegirlwhisperingtohermother.(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。Tomwasassickasadog，andcouldn’tgototheparty.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍dismisseq\x(A.vt.消除B.vt.解散；让某人离开C.vt.解雇)1．Theclasswasdismissedearlytoday.B2．Hewasdismissedfromhisjobforinactionandincompetence.C3．Igentlypattedhimontheshouldertodismisshisfearsfromhismind.AⅡ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Theeditorhasanappointmentwiththesciencefictionwritertomeetatthecafétoofferhissalaryandbonus.2．Thesaleswomanfeltguilty(guilt)aboutnotvisitingherparentsmoreoften.3．Thechairwomanhasdeclaredthat100workerswillbedismissed(dismiss)nextweek.4.Salesmenandsaleswomenareadvisedtohaveamedicalexaminationonaregularbasis，whichishelpfultotheirhealth.5．It’sridiculousthatthiscountrydeclaredwaronfourcountriesatthesametime.6．Hetoldmethatafilmwasbeingshown(show)inthehallthen.7．Ofthetwohandkerchiefs，Ithinkthisoneissuperiortotheotherone.8．Theboyoftenconflictswithotherstudents，whichmakeshisparentsexplodewithanger.9．Ineverfeltanurgetolearn(learn)anysignlanguagebefore.10．Hepickedupahandkerchiefatrandomandhandedittohisniecetowipehernose.Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(应用文之建议信)1．得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(morethan)I’mmorethangladtoknowthatyouwilltakepartintheChinesedramaknowledgecompetition.2．这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here引导的全部倒装)Herearemytipsonhowtoprepareforit.3．首先，提前学一些中国现代戏剧的历史非常重要。(强调句型)Firstofall，itislearningmoreaboutthehistoryofChinesemoderndramainadvancethatisofgreatimportance.4．第二，经常和其他参与者交流意见，你可以变得更自信。(现在分词短语作状语)Secondly，exchangingideaswithotherparticipantsregularly，youcanbecomemoreconfident.5．最后，如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。(feellike)Finally，ifyoufeellikeyouarethecharactersinthedrama，youwillfinditeasytomemorizethedramaknowledge.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：被动语态)eq\x(bonus，guilty，conflict，division，declare，appointment)Myniece，Jane，labouredtothemaximumfor10yearsinashoppingmallandfinallyshetookupan1.appointmentasthechairwoman.Shewasrespectedbyallthesalesmenandsaleswomenbecauseshewasfullofintegrityanddignity.Sheexactlycalculatedthestaff’ssalariesandrewardedthebestoneswitha2.bonus.Whereas，onesalesman，Jack,3.declaredthathecouldsellanythingbyabsurdoverstatements，suchassciencefictions，ladders，flour，leathers，leversofvariouspanels，handkerchiefs，nails，lampsandevenmud.Inhisview，hewassuperiortoothers，sohehadanurgetotakeoverthesalesmanager.Itturnedoutthatheoften4.conflictedwithothers.ThencamearumorthatallthestaffwouldresignifJackwasn’tdismissed，whichgreatly