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小学英语语法大全小学英语语法大全小学英语语法大全小学英语语法大全编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址:电话:传真:邮编:小学英语语法第1讲字母英语中共有26个字母。Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。Aa和Ii可以独立成词,分别表示“一个(张……)”和“我”的意思,Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置,可以记住以下口诀:大写字母不顶格,小写字母占满格。书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离,一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。句子的末尾要有标点符号。4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.),省略号是三个居下的实心圆点(…),英语中没有顿号和书名号,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。5、英语缩写词PRC中华人民共和国UN联合国WHO世界卫生组织NBA美国职业篮球联KFC肯德基IT信息技术EQ情商CCTV中国中央电视kg千克a.m.上午USA美国HK香港WTO世界贸易组织CBA中国男子篮球联赛ATM自动柜员机ID身份证CPU中央处理器BBC英国广播公司cm厘米p.m.下午UK英国SOS国际求救信号UFO不明飞行物VIP贵宾EMS邮政特快专递IQ智商RMB人民币VOA美国之音No.号码6、26个英语字母按照相同的元音因素进行归类:/eɪ/AaHhJjKk/i:/EeBbCcDdGgPpTtVv(Zz)/aɪ/IiYy/ǝʊ/Oo/ju:/UuQqWw/e/FfLlMmNnSsXxZz/ɑ:/Rr第2讲语音1、音素:语音的最小单位。英语中共有48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。元音单元音/i:/,/ɪ/,/ɜ:/,/ə/,/ɑ:/,//,/ɔ:/,/ɒ/,/u:/,/ʊ/,/e/,/æ/双元音/eɪ/,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/əʊ/,/aʊ/,/ɪǝ/,/eə/,/ʊə/辅音清辅音/p/,/t/,/k/,/t/,/tr/,/ts/,/f/,/θ/,/s/,/∫/,/h/浊辅音/b/,/d/,/g/,/dʒ/,/dr/,/dz/,/V/,/ð/,/z/,/ʒ/,/r/,/m/,/n/,/ŋ/,/l/,/w/,/j/2、元音:发音时气流不受阻碍。元音分为单元音和双元音两类。单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变;双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动,唇形和舌位有一个变化过程,且前重后轻,前长后短。3、辅音:发音时气流受到阻碍。辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。清辅音发音时声带不振动;浊辅音发音时声带振动。4、音标:用来记录音素的符号。为了避免与字母混淆,音标被放在斜括号//内。5、英语中的一个字母或字母组合在不同的单词中发音可能是不一样的,而相同的发音对应的字母或字母组合也可能不完全相同。6、开音节:以元音字母结尾或以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加不发音的e结尾(r除外)的音节。元音字母在开音节中读长音,即该字母的名称音。闭音节:以一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾。元音字母在闭音节中读短音。aeiou开音节/eɪ/name/i:/weshe/aɪ/hiwhite/əʊ/gonote/ju:/or/u:/use闭音节/æ/map/e/desk/ɪ/sit/ɒ/clock//cup一、元音前元音:[i:][i][e][æ][i:]发音组合:eeeeaieei代表单词:meheweevenbeefeelbreeze(微风,简单的事)deepfreeSeat(座位)beat(打,击,敲;冲击)lead(引领,最前端)teaeatreasonGrief(悲痛,伤痛)believeachieveReceive(收到,接收)conceive(构想,想象)[i]发音组合:i代表单词:sitbitkickpickwish[e]发音组合:eeaa代表单词:pentenbestbegeggnetbreadheaven(天堂,天国)marryanymany[æ]发音组合:a代表单词:capmapbadmad(发疯的,发狂的)bankthanklamp(灯,油灯,灯火)中元音:[ə:][ə][ə:]发音组合:orirerurear代表单词:workworkerworm(蠕虫,使缓慢前进birddirt(污物;)affirm(断言,申明)termBurn(烧毁)surf(碎浪,海浪;浪花)Pearl(珍珠)learn[ə]发音组合:aeror代表单词:appearariseagainalikeamanapenteachermotherbrotherdriverangerdoctoractortutor(家庭教师,私人教师)famousjealous(妒忌的,吃醋的)后元音:[a:][ʌ][u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ][a:]发音组合:arearal代表单词:fardarkhartfarmgardenbarstarhearthalf[ʌ]发音组合:uo代表单词:upcutbutbusluckbutter(奶油)Monk(和尚)onion(洋葱)[u:]发音组合:oooouu代表单词:foodfool(蠢人)boom((雷,大炮等的)隆隆声)coolhoop(铁圈,戒指,耳环)pool(水塘,水池)shoot(发射,放射)tombgroupblueclue(提示,线索)ruletruthconclude(推断出,结束)[u]发音组合:oouou代表单词:footgoodcook(煮,烧)hook(钩,挂钩)tookPull(拉,拖,牵,拽;搬走)fullbull(公牛,壮汉,)should[ɔ:]发音组合:aooawouoreauorar代表单词:talkballhall(会堂;大厅)calldoorfloorLaw(法律)sawboughtfought(fight的过去式和过去分词,打仗;搏斗;打架;奋斗)thoughtbeforeignorecaughtnaughty(顽皮的,淘气的;撒野的)nautical(海上的;船员的;船舶的;航海的)forcebornsort(种类,品种,类型)warn[ɔ]发音组合:o代表单词:notcop(抓,捕)rot(腐烂,腐坏;腐朽,破损)hotlotdognodshop合口双元音为:[ei][ai][ɔɪ][au][əu][ei]发音组合:eiaaiay代表单词:eightdaymaypaidmaincakefatenakedsnakelakemakename[ai]发音组合:yiuy代表单词:crydrymykitehighbiketightfinetimebuyguy[ɔɪ]发音组合:oyoi代表单词:toyboyloyalnoisevoicepointsoilcoinoil[au]发音组合:ouow代表单词:housesoundoutnounbowtownnowtower[əu]发音组合:oowoa代表单词:hostnosetoneholenotecokecopebowlknowlowownboatcoat集中双元音为:[iə][ɛə][uə][iə]发音组合:eerearere代表单词:beerdeerhearnearfearhere[ɛə]发音组合:airearareere代表单词:hairfairairchairbearsweardareharethere[uə]发音组合:oorureour代表单词:poorluresuretour二、辅音爆破音:[p][b][t][d][k][g][p]发音组合:p代表单词:paypipeputpiepeachsportspeedspend[b]发音组合:b代表单词:birdbedbagbigbuybakebillbearbook[t]发音组合:t代表单词:teateacherteamtaretanktaughttipitmeetcatthoughtfatetentboatstudentstandstick[d]发音组合:d代表单词:dodiddoesdeerdatedigdoomneedbedclimbed[k]发音组合:ckck代表单词:cakecarcancatcomekiteskykeeppickback[g]发音组合:g代表单词:geesegogapgetbigbagbeg爆破音小结:1)[p][t][k]是清辅音,发音时声带不震动,送气要强。2)[b][d][g]是浊辅音,发音时声带必须震动。摩擦音:[f][v][θ][ð][ʃ][3][s][z][h][r][f]发音组合:fph代表单词:fivefirstlifefinefatfailfairfallfarmtelephonephoneticsphoto[v]发音组合:v代表单词:votevinevatvailveryvaseleavefive[θ]发音组合:th代表单词:thinkteeththickthemethankthoughtbothtoothtruthfifthmouthclothfaithbreath[ð]发音组合:th代表单词:thisthatthesethosethenthanthough[ʃ]发音组合:shsssch代表单词:shipfishsheetsheepdishsureensureassuremachine[3]发音组合:s代表单词:pleasureusualleisuremeasure[s]发音组合:sc代表单词:seemsetseeksayseebooksdensemousecupsfaceiceraceprice[z]发音组合:zs代表单词:zooprizezealraisekneeseyes[h]发音组合:hwh【注意】wh在元音字母o前才发此音。代表单词:hothomehousehorsehatehighwholewhowhosewhom[r]发音组合:rwr代表单词:raceredricerainrightroadfreefrypraywrongwrite摩擦音小结:英语中有十个摩擦音即:[f][v][θ][ð][ʃ][3][s][z][h][r]发摩擦音时必须注意:1)口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。2)摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。破擦音:[tʃ]发音组合:ch代表单词:cheapchildchestchokecheckcatchwatch[d3]发音组合:jgdg代表单词:jeepjokejewjuicejudge[tr]发音组合:tr代表单词:treetreattriptraintram[dr]发音组合:dr代表单词:dreamdragdrawdrinkchildren[ts]发音组合:ts代表单词:sitsseatsmatespeasantsparents[dz]发音组合:ds代表单词:needsseedsspends鼻辅音:[m][n][ŋ][m]发音组合:m代表单词:somecomedimemothermapmoon[n]发音组合:n代表单词:noonnosenotenotnonothingmoonsoonsongunthinrundinegain
[ŋ]发音组合:ngn代表单词:singsongsingerkingthinginksinkthanktank舌边音:[l]发音组合:l代表单词:清晰音[l]letladlatelaidleaplap代表单词:含糊音[l]dealtellbeltsaletable半元音:[w][j][w]第3讲名词名词是指表示人和事物名称的词,可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1、专有名词:特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g.JimGreen,NewYork,BankofChina,PekingUniversity星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。e.g.Monday,May,Christmas,SpringFestival,Maths,ChinaDaily2、普通名词:表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:个体名词——表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:student,desk集体名词——表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:class,family物质名词——表示无法分为个体的物质名称,如:water,rice,sand,hair抽象名词——表示情感,状态,品质等抽象名称,如:love,carelessness个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,有单、复数形式;物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词,一般只有一种形式。注意:集体名词被看作一个整体时,表达单数概念。e.g.Hisfamilywaswellknowninthetown.他家在镇里是名门望族。集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时,表达复数概念。e.g.Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.她的家人正在等他。集体名词表达多个集体时,也有复数形式。e.g.Ourvillageismadeupof300families.我们村有300户人家。3、可数名词复数形式的构成规则:①一般名词在末尾直接加s,清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/e.g.book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds②以s、x、sh、ch结尾,加es,读/IZ/e.g.bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es,读/z/e.g.baby-babies,library-libraries,factory-factories④以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加es,读/vz/e.g.thief-thieves,knife-knives⑤以o结尾,表示无生命的物体时加s,表示有生命的物体时,加es,都读/z/e.g.photo-photos,piano-pianos,radio-radios,zoo-zoospotato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,mango-mangoes,hero-heroes⑥不规则变化e.g.man-menchild-childrenfoot-feetfish-fishwoman-womenmouse-micetooth-teethsheep-sheeppoliceman-policemenox-oxengoose-geesedeer-deer▲fish表示鱼的数量时,单复数同形;表示鱼的种类时,复数为fishes.e.g.Mycathadtwofishforlunch.Youcanseealotofdifferentfishesinthelake.4、不可数名词一般只有原形,没有复数形式,但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时,量词需要用复数形式,不可数名词不变。e.g.abottleofwater,acupofcoffee,twoglassesofmilk,fivebagsofrice▲这种形式用于可数名词时,量词和可数名词都要用复数。e.g.tenbasketsofeggs5、既可用作可数,又可用作不可数的名词:不可数glass玻璃paper纸iron铁wood木头beauty美room空间可数aglass一只玻璃杯apaper一份报纸、论文、文件airon一个熨斗awood一片森林abeauty一个美人aroom一个房间6、名词所有格①在英语中,有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。大多数表示有生命的东西。e.g.Tom’sbook②如果复数名词末尾已有s,就直接加’。e.g.theteachers’office③如果一些物品为两者共有,只需在后一个名词后加’s;如果为各自所有,则需在每个名词后加’s。e.g.LucyandLily’sbedroom.(Lucy和Lily共用一个卧室)Lucy’sandLily’sbedrooms.(Lucy和Lily分别拥有各自的卧室)④表示无生命的物体的名词所有格,一般与of短语连用。e.g.amapoftheworld,aphotoofmyfamily⑤双重所有格:把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。e.g.afriendofmyfather’s[课堂检测]写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange
2、class
3、text
4、monkey
5、piano
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、country
10、family
11、toy
12、foot
13、Japanese
14、radio
15、photo
16、army
17、tomato
18、fox
19、woman
20、knife
21、sheep22、people1.
is
2.
he
3.she
4.it
5.
that
6.
this
7.you
8.I
9.am10.was11.does二、写出下列各词的复数形式1.Thisismyfriend.2.Thisisabike.3.Thatisherbrother.4.Thisisabook.5.Thatisaneraser.6.Itisaredorange.7.Heisateacher.、8.What'sthis?9.Thisismymother.10.HeisaChineseboy.第4讲冠词冠词一般用在名词的前面,对名词起限定作用,不能离开名词单独存在。1、不定冠词a,an用在单数可数名词前面,泛指一类人或物中的任何一个。①a用于辅音音素开头的名词之前。e.g.abed,acomputer,a“U”②an用于元音音素开头的名词之前。e.g.anegg,anumbrella,anhour2、定冠词the用在单数或复数可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前。①表示特指的人或物前。e.g.ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack.②指说话人双方都知道的人或物前。e.g.Lily,closethedoor,please.③在上文提到过,第二次又提到的人或物前。e.g.Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledJames.表示世界上独一无二的事物前。e.g.Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.用在序数词前面。e.g.Itisthefirstdayofthenewterm.用在乐器名称前。e.g.Heoftenplaystheviolinatweekends.用在形容词最高级前。e.g.Springisthebestseasoninayear.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。e.g.IwenttotheGreatWalllastweek.⑨用在国家名称的缩写前。e.g.HeisfromtheUK.3、零冠词:名词前不用冠词的情况。在季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类或棋类运动前,通常不用冠词。e.g.havebreakfast,playbasketball,playchess课堂检测:用a,an,the填空.(不填打/)1Hello,()Tom,Let`sgoto()school.2Look,whatishedoingHeiseating()apple3Lookat()uglygirl.SheisTom`ssister4Thereis()catunderthetable.Thereis()dogbehindthedoor5()oldmanismyfather.Heis()doctor6()Chinais()bigcountry.7()USAis()bigcountrytoo8Isaw()bird,but()birdisyellow9Ilikeplaying(),piano.Billylikesplaying()football10Thisis()largestsupermarketinthecity11Thisis()picture.Thereis()housein()picture.12()Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek13Canyouplay()volleyballwell?14()ShenzhenisthelargestcityinChina第5讲代词1、人称代词:表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem①主格一般用在句子开头做主语,通常用在动词前。e.g.Iamastudent.Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象,一般用在动词和介词后面。e.g.Askher,please.Listentomecarefully.2、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如:mywatch,hiscousin,ourschool②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词,故其后不能再加名词,可单独使用。e.g.—Isthatyourbike—No.Mineisblue.3、疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首。what问什么—What’syourname?—MynameisTom.Whatcolour问颜色—Whatcolourisyourcoat?—It’sred.whatday问星期—Whatdayisittoday?—It’sMonday.whatdate问日期—Whatdateisittoday?—It’sthefirstofJune.whatshape问形状—Whatshapeisthemoon?—It’sround.what…job问工作—What’syourfather’sjob?—He’sabusdriver.whattime问时间—Whattimeisit?—It’steno’clock.when问时候—Whenisyourbirthday?—It’sonthefirstofMay.which问哪个—Whichisyourwatch,thisoneorthatone?—Thatone.where问地点—Whereismypen?—It’sonthefloor.who问谁—Whoistheboywithbigeyes?—He’sLiuTao.whose问谁的—Whosebagisthis?—It’sHelen’s.why问原因—Whyareyouabsenttoday?—I’mill.how问方式—Howdoyougotoschool?—Bybus.howmany问数量—Howmanybooksarethere?—Therearefive.howmuch问价钱—Howmuchisit?—Twentyyuan.howold问年龄—Howoldareyou?—I’mtwelve.howfar问距离—Howfarisitfromhere?—It’saboutonekilometer.howabout问情况—I’mthirsty.Howaboutyou?—Me,too.4、指示代词①this(这个)、these(这些)表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。②that(那个)、those(那些)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。课堂检测一选择适当的人称代词填空。1._____(He/I)ismyfather.2._____(She/They)areTom’sgrandparents.3._____(We/I)amJim’snewfriend.4.Lookatthatwhitedog._____(They/It)ismybrother’s.5.Whereare_____(you/hefrom6.DoyoulikecollectingstampsYes,_____(you/we)do.7._____(He/I)amastudentatHeyangPrimarySchool.8._____(You/They)aremybrother’sEnglishteacher.二、用人称代词的主格和宾格填空。1.Don’tpassitto_______(他).2._____(她)iswatchingarunningrace.3.Wouldyouliketogowith_____(我们).4.Doyouwanttojoin_____(我).5.Tomorrowismyfather’sbirthday.Thispresentisfor______.6.TheballisSuHai’s.Pleasegive_____to_____.7.WhatareTom’ssistersdoing_____areseeingaBeijingoperashow.三、填入适当的物主代词。1._____(他的)coatisblack,but_____(她的)isred.2.WhosewalletisthisIt’s_____(我的).3.WhosewalletisthatIt’s_____(我的)wallet.4.Arethese_____(你们的)skateboards
Yes,they’re_____(我们的).5.I’manewstudent._____nameisHelen.6.Nancyismycousin._____eyesarebig.7.Look,thisishisnewbook._____(我的)isasnewashis.8.WhatdopeopleusuallydoattheSpringFestival.Theyvisit_____relativesandfriends.四、用所给的词填空。
What
What
colour
How
much
Who
When
Where
Why
1、________are
you
doing?
2、________are
you
going
to
go?
3、_________is
the
bag-
---Twenty
yuan.
4、__________will
you
come
back-
---A
quarter
to
ten.
5、_________is
that
woman-
---Miss
Tang.
6、_________is
the
sofa-
---It’s
black
and
white.
7、__________are
you
wearing
a
dress?
五、用特殊疑问词填空。1.
is
this?
It’s
an
apple.
is
Sue’s
birthday?
It’s
on
the
1st
of
April.
3.
is
she?
She
is
Linda.
4.
is
the
peach?
It’s
on
the
table.
5.
do
you
go
to
school?
I
go
to
school
by
bike.
6.
apples
are
there?
There
are
two
apples.
7.
is
your
hat?
It’s
red.
8.subject
do
you
like?
I
like
math.
9.
books
are
there?
thirteen.
10.isit
It‘s5yuan.11.did
you
get
home?
I
got
home
at9o’clock.
第6讲形容词/副词形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前,也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。在英语中,形容词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。1、表示两者“等同”时用原级,结构为:as+原级+as,表示“xx和xx一样……”e.g.Areyouastallasyourtwinsister
其否定形式结构为:not+as+原级+as,表示“xx和xxx不一样……”e.g.I’mnotastallasyou.2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级,结构为:比较级+than,表示“xx比xxx更……”e.g.He’soneyearyoungerthanme.形容词比较级的构成规则:一般在词尾加ere.g.taller,longer,stronger,younger以字母e结尾,只加re.g.late-later,nice-nicer以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加ere.g.heavy-heavier双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ere.g.fat-fatter,thin-thinner,big-bigger双音节和多音节词的比较级,在原级前加moree.g.morebeautiful,morecareful不规则变化e.g.good-better,many/much-more,far-farther,bad/ill-worse3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,用形容词最高级。结构为:the+形容词最高级+in/of等表示范围的短语,表示“最……”。e.g.AutumnisthebestseasoninNewYork.Sheisthetallestgirlofourthree.一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级
old_______
young_______
tall______
long________
strong________
big________
small_______
fat________
thin__________
heavy______
light________
nice________
good_________
low_________
high_________
slow_______
fast________
late_________
early_________
far_________
well_______
beautiful_________
short________
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:
1.
My
brother
is
two
years
__________(old)than
me.
2.
Tom
is
as
________(fat)
as
Jim.
Is
your
sister
__________(young)
than
you?
Yes,she
is.
4.
Who
is
___________(thin),you
or
Helen?
Helen
is.
Whose
pencil-box
is
__________(big),yours
or
hers?
Hers
is.
Mary’s
hair
is
as
__________(long)
as
Lucy’s.
Ben
______
(jump)
________
(high)
than
some
of
the
boys
in
his
class.
________
Nancy
sing
__________
(well)
than
Helen?
Yes,
she
_____.
Fangfang
is
not
as
_________
(tall)
as
the
other
girls.
第7讲介词介词又叫前置词,是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词,它一般放在名词、代词(宾格)或动词(动词ing形式)前面。1、in①在……里面。如:intheclassroom②in+颜色,穿着……颜色的衣服。如:Who’sthemaninwhite
③in+语言,用某种语言说。如:What’sthisinEnglish
④在上午、下午、晚上。如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening⑤在年、月、季节前。如:in2008,inAugust,insummer⑥在国家、城市和较大的地方前。如:inChina,inWuxi,intheplayground⑦固定搭配。如:inthemiddleof(在……中间),dowellin(擅长),intheday(在白天),takepartin(参加),stayinbed(躺在床上),inthestreet(在街上)2、on①在……上面。如:onthedesk②用在某一天(上、下午)前。如:onthe5thofMay,onSunday,onMondaymorning③以Day结尾的节日前。如:onChildren’sDay,onNewYear’sDay④固定搭配。如:onfoot(步行),onduty(值日),puton(穿上),geton(上车)turnon(打开),ontheright/left(在右边/左边),onthewall(在墙上),onZhongshanRoad(在中山路上)注意:树上长的水果用onthetree;不是树上长的外来物用inthetree。如:Icanseealotofapplesonthetree.Thereisaboyinthetree.3、at①在某个时刻前。如:atseveno’clock②在传统节日前。如:atSpringFestival,atMid-AutumnFestival,atChristmas③在较小的地点。如:atthebusstop④固定搭配。如:atonce(立刻,马上),begoodat(擅长……),lookat(看),athome(在家),atschool(在学校),atweekends(在周末),atthebackof(在……后部),atnight(在夜晚)4、under在……下面如:Thereisacatunderthetable.5、behind在……后面如:Thereisanumbrellabehindthedoor.6、near靠近……如:Thereisaparknearmyhouse.7、beside在……旁边如:Thestudentsarestandingbesidetheteacher.8、nextto紧靠……旁边如:Theteachers’officeisnexttoourclassroom.9、before(时间上)在……之前如:beforeclass(上课前)10、after(时间上)在……之后;依照固定搭配:afterclass(课后),afterschool(放学后),lookafter(照看),runafter(追赶),readafterme(跟我读)11、between在两者之间如:TherearesometreesbetweenBuildingAandBuildingB.12、by乘某种交通工具如:bybus,byplane,bytheway(顺便说一下)13、from①befrom=comefrom(来自……)如:MrSmithsis/comesfromAustralia.②from…to…(从……到……)WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.14、to到、去……如:Let’sgotothezoo.固定搭配:writeto(给xx写信)15、about关于;大约如:Iwanttobuyabookaboutanimals.It’saboutonekilometeraway.16、for为、给……如:Here’saletterforyou.What’sforbreakfast?
固定搭配:lookfor(寻找),waitfor(等候)17、with①与……一起。如:I’llgoshoppingwithmymother.②具有某种特征。如:Who’stheboywithbigeyes?
③help...with...在某方面帮助某人如:CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?
④playwith...和……一起玩;拿……玩如:playwithme,playwithayo-yo18、infrontof在……前面如:Thefrontof在……前部如:Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.19、along沿着,顺着如:Goalongthisstreet.20、as作为如:Whatwouldyoulikeasabirthdaypresent?
21、outof从……出来;往……之外如:Thedogisrunningoutofthehouse.22、of……的,属于……如:amapofChina,amapoftheworld23、off离开,在……之外如:keepoffthegrass(勿踏草坪),getoff(下车)24、up向上如:standup(起立),pullupcarrots(拔胡萝卜)25、down向下如:sitdown(坐下),jumpupanddown(上下跳)课堂练习:一、圈出下列句子中运用不恰当的介词,并改正。
1.JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.
2.HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdayonMay?
3.Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.
4.Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.
5.Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.
6.IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.
7.WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?
8.CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?
9.Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?
10.Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.
二、介词练习()1.___theafternoonofMay,wevisitedtheoldman.A.OnB.AtC.In()2.Manypeoplework___thedayandsleep___night.A.on;atB.in;inC.in;at()3.HespeaksJapanesebest____theboystudents.A.betweenB.withC.among()4.Awolf___asheepskinisourdangerousenemy.A.withB.inC.on()5.Joanhopestocomeback___threedays.A.afterB.forC.in()6.Theysentthelettertome___mistake.A.byB.forC.with()7.Helefthome___acoldwinterevening.A.atB.onC.in()8.Shanghaiis____theeastofChina.A.inB.onC.to()9.____myfather’shelp,Ihavefinishedmycomposition.A.UnderB.OnC.with()10.He’sverystrict____himselfandhe’sverystrict___hiswork.A.with;inB.in;withC.with;with()11.Ireallycan’tagree____you.A.toB.onC.with()12.Theshopwon’topen___nineinthemorning.A.untilB.atC.during第8讲数词1、基数词:表示数目多少。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意:数字“0”可以读作“zero”,也可以读作字母“o”。2、序数词:表示顺序先后。1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth基数词变序数词记忆口诀:一、二、三,需要记,八去t,九省e,ve结尾时,f来代替,ty结尾时,y变ie,再加th,若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。一、写出下列词的序数词
1.
one
2.two
3.
six
4.five
5.
nine
6.twelve
7.eight
8.twenty-one
二、写出下列单词的基数词
1.third
2.fourth
3.tenth
4.twentieth
5.nineteenth
6.thirty-first
_三、根据句子意思填空。
1.
Children’s
Day(儿童节)
is
on
the
of
June(六月).
2.
There
are
months(月)in
a
year(年).
3.
Teacher’s
Day(教师节)
is
on
the
of
September(九月).
4.
Three
plus(加)
six
is
.第10讲连词连词,顾名思义,是一种起连接作用的词。1、and“和”,表示并列关系。如:Therearesomedesksandchairsintheclassroom.2、but“但是”,表示转折关系。如:Youcanskatewell,butIcan’t.3、or“还是”,表示选择关系。如:Wouldyoulikeaglassofmilkoracupoftea?
注意:在疑问句或否定句中,当表示并列关系时,不用and,而用or。如:Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters
Idon’thaveanybrothersorsisters.4、than“比”,表示对比关系。如:SuHaijumpsfartherthanSuYang.5、because“因为”,表示因果关系。如:IlikesummerbestbecauseIcangoswimming.6、so“所以”,表示结果关系。如:Helenwasill,soshedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.一、选择
1
My
aunt
asks
whether
I
like
a
woolen
sweater
______
a
cotton
one.
A.
but
B.
or
C.
and
D.
not
2
Either
Mary
______
Lucy
told
him
to
come
to
see
us.
A.
or
B.
and
C.
with
D.
nor
3
Hurry
up,
______
we'll
be
late
for
the
film.
A.
and
B.
but
C.
so
D.
or
4
Be
quick,
______
we'll
be
late.
A.
and
B.
or
C.
but
D.
so
5
We
ran
to
the
trees,
_____
we
couldn't
see
any
more
monkeys.
A.
but
B.
so
C.
and
D.
for
二、根据句意选用and,
but,
or,
so,
beause填空。
1.
The
ground
is
wet,
_________
it
rained
last
night.
2.
It's
a
fine
day
today,
_________
everyone
is
busy.
3.
This
is
our
first
lesson,
_________
I
don't
know
all
your
names.
4.
Take
an
umbrella
with
you,
_________
you'll
get
wet.
5.
We
have
classes
in
the
morning,
_________
we
don't
have
classes
in
the
afternoon.
6.
She
is
a
doctor
_________
I
am
a
teacher.
7.
I
must
go
now,
_________
it's
getting
dark.第11讲动词动词是表示动作或行为的词。按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词。1、be动词(am,is,are)①be动词做谓语时,要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。用法口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他、她、它,复数全用are。如:Iamateacher.Youareastudent.Sheisanurse.WeareChinese.②be动词的否定形式:amnot(无缩写形式),isnot=isn’t,arenot=aren’t2、助动词(do,does,did)①do,does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其他人称和数用do。其过去式did用于一般过去时。他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。助动词后动词要用原形。如:Doyoulikethisfilm
Doesshelikeplayingfootball?
Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.②否定形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t3、情态动词(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall等)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必须”,“应当”等意思。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形。1)can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气些。如:CanIuseyourpen
MayIcomein2)must和should①must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。②should意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。如:Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougotobed.Youshouldstayinbedandhaveagoodrest.3)will和would用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更委婉,更客气。如:WillyoupleaseopenthewindowWouldyoulikesomecoffee
注意区别:I’dlike…我想要……(接名词)如:I’dlikesometea.I’dliketo…我想要做……(接动词原形)如:I’dliketogowithyou.Ilike…我喜欢……(接名词或动名词)如:Ilikemonkeys.Ilikereading.4)shall在问句中表示征求对方的意见,主要用于第一人称。如:Shallwegotherebybus?
5)否定形式:can’t,maynot,mustn’t,shouldn’t,wouldn’t,shallnot4、行为动词行为动词也叫实意动词,是具有实际意义的动词。如run(跑),jump(跳),listen(听),sing(唱),eat(吃),think(想)等。行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化。在英语中,不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,需要用不同的动词形式来表现,这就叫时态。一般现在时<—————————————+————————————>一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时一、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________
run__________
swim
_________make__________
go_________
like________
write________
_ski___________
read________
have_________
sing
________
dance_________
put________
see________
buy
_________
love____________
live_______
take_________
come
________
get_________
stop_________
sit
________
begin________
shop___________
lie___________skip______________
二、
写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink
________
go
_______
stay
________
make
________
look
_________
have_______
pass_______
carry
____wash___________
come________
watch______
plant_______
fly
________
study_______
brush________
do_________
teach_______
三、写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________
fly_______
lie________
are
________
drink_________
play_______
go________
make
________does_________
lose________
win________
ask
_____teach_________
eat__________
hurt________
put
______
throw________
catch______fall_______
do
________
buy________see________shop________beginsit________
come________take________miss
________like________get________
forge________trun
________think________say
________find________
draw
________hit________can________break
________give
________第12讲一般现在时1、定义:表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always,atweekends,onSundays等表示经常性时间的短语。2、构成:1)当谓语是be动词时,一般现在时的构成:主语+be动词+其他如:Iamastudent.HeisJim’sfather.TheyarefromJapan.2)当谓语是行为动词时,一般现在时的构成:①主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他如:IoftenwatchTVattheweekends.MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.②主语(第三人称单数)+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他如:Jimus
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