考研考博-英语-宣化科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宣化科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Nowadays,manyteachershavetotakeprivatepupilsto______theirsalary.

问题1选项

A.enlarge

B.inflate

C.augment

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enlarge“扩大，增加”，可用来指数量上的增加；B项inflate“使膨胀”，指充气膨胀，通货膨胀等；C项augment“增大”，指在原有的基础上增加含量而扩大；D项extend“延伸，扩大”，指扩大范围、影响或领土、土地扩张等。根据关键词salary“薪资”可知，空白部分填入“增加”符合句意，所以只有A项符合。句意：现在，许多教师私自带学生来增加收入。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

NewEnergySourcestotheRescueAspetrolpricesrise,policymakersandventurecapitalistsaresuddenlyembracingalternatives.Willthetrendlast?

Reasonsforthechange

Inhislongcareerincountrymusic,WillieNelsonhasalwaysbeenontheleftsideofallthings.Now,at73,heisinthevanguard.Mr.Nelson,wholivesonabigfarmoutsideAustin,powershiscarwiththehelpofvegetableoil.Hehasevencreatedhisownlineofthiscleaner-burningdieselblend.Hecalledit“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisgoingnational,too.Mr.NelsonarguesthatitwillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckers,andtheenvironmentwhile,atthesametime,reducingdependenceonforeignpetroleum.

WithhighpetrolpricescausingtroublesinWashington,D.C.,everyoneistryingtofindoutalternatives.Soyabeans,canola(rapeseed),switchgrass,anything,isbeinginvestigated.EvenGeorgeBush,aformeroilmanwhosupportsloyallytheindustrialdevelopment,calledlastweekformoreresearchintoethanolandbio-diesel-twokeytypesofbio-fuelsandboldlypredictedthat“ethanolwillreplacegasolineconsumption”.JimWoolsey,aformerheadoftheCIAnotesthatdevelopingbio-fuelsisinthenationalinterest,sinceitishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonpetroleumfromforeigncountriesandsostoppedfundingsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.

Future:convenienceandpains

Thefederalgovernmentisbeginningtoformulatepolicytopromotetheuseofbio-fuels.InMontana,HawaiiandMinnesotaallpetrolmustcontain10%ethanol,whileWashingtonStaterequirespetrolanddieseltocontain2%renewablefuelbyvolume.Forbothethanolandbio-diesel,Congresshasrequiredanear-doublingofproductionby2012.BothblendsnotesMr.Woolseyapprovingly,needlittlenewinfrastructuretosupportthem(unlike,say,hydrogenfuel-cellcars).Ethanolcanbedispensedatregularpetrolstationsandworks,withinlimits,intoday’scars.Bio-dieselfuellingstations,suchasthoseforBioWillie,arepoppinguparoundAmerica.

UnfortunatelyforMr.Bush’spoliticalfortunes,abio-fuelsrevolutionwillnothappenintimetoeaseAmerica’scurrentpainatthepump.Rightnow,ethanol—aclean-burning,high-octanealcoholtypicallyderivedfromcorninAmerica,orsugarinBrazil—accountsforjust3%ofAmerica’spetroluse,thoughAmericancarscanhandlea10%ethanolblend.Bio-dieselisusedevenless.

Moreover,ethanolistypicallyblendedwithregularfuel,andawidespreadshifttoanethanolblend(aresultofanotherprovisionoflastyear’senergybill)hascontributedtosomepetrolshortagesinTexasandelsewhere,asthesupplychaincreaksintolife.Skepticsarguethatgrowingcropsforethanolwillburnmorepetrolthanitwillsave.

Butothersarepersuaded,despitethepainsatthebeginningstage.“IfIhadtobet$100,I’dbetonbio-fuels,saysHunterLovins,co-authorof“NaturalCapitalism”,addingthatshewouldfavorthemevenoverotherrenewableenergysources.Richinvestorsalsobelieveitsgrowth.RichardBranson,aBritishentrepreneurwhoheadstheVirginconglomerate,recentlyannouncedplanstoinvestupto$400millioninethanolproduction.

GrowingProduction?

Canproductionbescaledup?Arecentbioengineeringbreakthroughmeansthatitshouldsoonbepossibletoconvertplantproductsfarmoreefficientlytoethanol.Thislendspromisetocellulosicethanol—aproductthatcanbemadefromagricultural“waste”,suchascorncobsorweeds,whichiswidelyavailable.(Oncecornkernelsandsugar-canesaphavebeentakenawayforsugar,theyleaveplentyofstalksandleavesbehind.)Themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanol,sayexpert,isswitchgrass,anativeAmericangrassthatgrowsnaturallyintheprairieheartlandandthrivesinthepoorMississippiDelta.

Bio-diesel,asyet,isasmallerenterprise.Itsplantsrequirelesscapitalthanthoseforethanol.Itisgrowingfast—salesvolumetripled,to75mgallons,between2004and2005—butthatisstilladropinthetankerofthe60billiongallonsofdieselthatAmericansconsumeeachyear.Muchofthestuffismadefromsoyabeans,andJeffPlowmanofAustinBio-fuels,atinystart-up,notesthatsoyabeenfuturesaretrackingthepriceofheatingoilforthefirsttime.InTexas,Mr.Plowmanalsoseespotentialforcottonseedoil,abyproductofcottonproduction.Elsewhere,thereiseventalkofproducingbio-dieselfrompigmanure.

Troublesarestilloccurring,havingpushedbacktheenthusiasm.InMinnesota,arequirementtohave2%ofdieselmadefromsoyawassuspendedlastyearwhentruckersbegantocomplainofcloggedfilters,thoughitwasfairlyquicklyreinstated.

Bio-fuelsandAmericanfarms

Couldbio-fuels,inadditiontoeasingthestrainontheenvironmentandonwallets,helptosaveAmericanfarms?Somepolicymakerscertainlyholdoutthisdream,particularlyintheMidwest,whereethanolandbio-dieselproductionisconcentrated.Montana’sDemocraticgovernor,BrianSchweitzer,whousesbio-diesel(madeforexamplefromcanola)inhisownVolkswagenJetta,imaginedwithoptimismaboutatechnologythathehopes“willjump-startruralAmerica”.HepointsoutthatAmericaexportsmassesofwheat,soyabeansandcorn,andtalksof“converg[ing]thoseexportacrestobio-fuels”.Whenthe2007farmbillisdebated,hehopesfor“avisionthathelpsAmericanfarmersonceagainproducetheirownhorsepowerontheirownfarms”.This“vision”wouldincludefederalcropinsuranceforfarmerswhogrowcanola,safflowerandcamellia,bringingthemuptothelevelofwheatandsoyabeans.

ThenotionofAmericanfarmersdefyingthetideofcapitalismtogrowtheirownfuelisagloriousdelusion.Itseemsgreat,yetit’snotpractical.However,Mr.SchweitzerisrightthatCongresshassomebigdecisionstomakeaboutbio-fuels.Towhatextent,ifany,shouldgovernmentsubsidizethisnewly-emergedindustry?Alreadyithasreceivedplentyofhelp.Ethanolproducersgetataxcreditworth51centsagallon,muchtothedelightoftheindustry.Thereisalsoa54cents-a-gallontariffonimportsofethanolfromBrazil.Startingwiththeremovalofthattariff,Congressneedstorethinkitsmisleadingenergypolicies.NathanaelGreene,oftheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,arguesthatthefederalgovernment’smostimportantimmediatestepshouldbetoenactaloanguaranteetocreateAmerica’sfirstcellulosicethanolplant,whichwouldprobablybebuiltinIdaho.

Ifbio-fuelsdotakeoff,environmentalistsandpolicymakerswillstillbeunabletorelax.Mr.Greeneemphasizes,rightly,thatbio-fuelsalonemightnotsolvealltheproblems.HisorganizationarguesthatalthoughAmericanproductioncouldriseto100billiongallonsofbio-fuelsby2050,suchchangesalsoneedtobecombinedwithimprovedfuelefficiencyandbettercityplanning.Moreflex-fuelvehicles,whichcantakeupto85%ethanolblendedwithpetrol,wouldbeparticularlysensible.

15.Whatis“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisalsogoingnational?

16.WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTforAmericangovernmentandsomeofAmericanpeopletostartresearchintothepossibilityofusingbio-fuels?

17.Rightnow,ethanolaccountsfor____ofAmerica’spetroluse.

18.WhydidRichardBransonrecentlyannounceplanstoinvestheavilyinethanolproduction?

19.Accordingtotheexpert,themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanolis____.

20.InwhichpartofAmericaisethanolandbio-dieselproductionconcentrated?

问题1选项

A.Akindofvegetableoilfromhisbigfarm.

B.Akindofnewfuelcalledethanol.

C.Akindofcleaner-burningdieselblend.

D.Akindofpetroleumfromforeigncountries.

问题2选项

A.ThenewfuelswillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckersandtheenvironment.

B.ThehighpetrolpricescausedtroublesinWashington,D.

C.D.C.

D.C.C.Thegovernmentwantstomeettheneedofsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.D.ItishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonforeignpetroleum.

问题3选项

A.10%

B.2%

C.5%

D.3%

问题4选项

A.Becausehebelieveditspromisingfuture.

B.BecausehecomesfromBritainwherehegotrichprofitfromethanolproduction.

C.BecauseheisapatrioticAmericanentrepreneur.

D.Becauseabio-fuelsrevolutiondidn’thappenintimetoeaseAmerica’scurrentpainatthepump.

问题5选项

A.corncobs

B.weeds

C.soyabeans

D.switchgrass

问题6选项

A.IntheNortheast.

B.IntheSouth.

C.IntheNorthwest.

D.IntheMidwest.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

【解析】15.事实细节题。题干“在德克萨斯州的几个地点分发，也正在向全国推广‘BioWillie’，是什么”，可定位到原文Reasonsforthechange小节第1段第3句Hecalledit“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisgoingnational,too.（他称其为“BioWillie”，在德克萨斯州的几个地点分发，也正在向全国推广。）由此可知，该句中的it即我们想要找的答案，因此定位到前一句Mr.Nelson,wholivesonabigfarmoutsideAustin,powershiscarwiththehelpofvegetableoil.Hehasevencreatedhisownlineofthiscleaner-burningdieselblend.（纳尔逊（Nelson）先生住在奥斯汀城外的一个大农场里，他在植物油的帮助下发动汽车。他甚至创造了这种清洁燃烧混合柴油产品线。）由此可知，BioWillie是“cleaner-burningdieselblend（更清洁的柴油混合）”，C选项“一种更清洁的柴油混合物”表述正确。干扰选项A“一种来自他的大农场的植物油”表述错误，因为原文虽然提到了来自他的大农场的植物油，但只是提到了在植物油的帮助下发动汽车，并没有直接说BioWillie就是一种植物油，而是说BioWillie中混合了植物油。B选项“一种叫做乙醇的新燃料”、D选项“一种来自外国的石油”原文并未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

16.事实细节题。题干“以下哪一个不是美国政府和一些美国人开始研究使用生物燃料的可能性的原因”可定位到原文Reasonsforthechange小节。A选项“新燃料将帮助美国的农民、卡车司机和环境”，可定位到本节第1段最后一句Mr.NelsonarguesthatitwillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckers,andtheenvironment…（Nelson先生认为，这将帮助美国的农民、卡车司机和环境……）选项表述符合原文，排除；B选项“高油价给华盛顿特区带来了麻烦”，可定位到本节第2段第1句WithhighpetrolpricescausingtroublesinWashington,D.C.,everyoneistryingtofindoutalternatives.（随着高油价给华盛顿带来麻烦，每个人都在试图寻找替代方案。）选项表述符合原文，排除；C、D选项可定位到本节第2段最后一句JimWoolsey,aformerheadoftheCIAnotesthatdevelopingbio-fuelsisinthenationalinterest,sinceitishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonpetroleumfromforeigncountriesandsostoppedfundingsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.（前中央情报局局长JimWoolsey指出，开发生物燃料符合国家利益，因为美国是时候停止依赖外国石油，从而停止资助一些狂热的宗教组织了。）由此可知，政府是想停止对狂热的宗教组织的资助，而非满足他们的需要，C选项“政府想要满足一些狂热的宗教组织的需要”表述错误，符合题意；同时D选项“美国是时候停止对外国石油的依赖了”选项表述符合原文，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

17.事实细节题。题干“目前，乙醇占美国汽油使用量的____”，可定位到原文Future:convenienceandpains小节。本节第2段第2句Rightnow,ethanol—…—accountsforjust3%ofAmerica’spetroluse.（目前，乙醇仅占美国汽油使用量的3%。）D选项“3%”表述正确。干扰选项A“10%”、B“2%”，可定位到本节第1段第2句InMontana,HawaiiandMinnesotaallpetrolmustcontain10%ethanol,whileWashingtonStaterequirespetrolanddieseltocontain2%renewablefuelbyvolume.（在蒙大拿州、夏威夷州和明尼苏达州，所有汽油必须含有10%的乙醇，而华盛顿州要求汽油和柴油中含有2%的可再生燃料。）由此可知，10%是某些州规定的汽油中乙醇的占比；2%是华盛顿州要求的可再生燃料在汽油和柴油中的占比，都不是乙醇在美国汽油使用量的占比，排除；C选项“5%”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

18.事实细节题。题干“为什么RichardBranson最近宣布计划大力投资乙醇生产”，可定位到原文Future:convenienceandpains小节。本节第4段最后一句RichardBranson,…,recentlyannouncedplanstoinvestupto$400millioninethanolproduction.（英国企业家RichardBranson，……他最近宣布计划投资4亿美元用于乙醇生产。）联系上文Richinvestorsalsobelieveitsgrowth.（富有的投资者也相信它的增长。）由此可知，RichardBranson是看中了投资乙醇利润的增长空间，才决定投资的，A选项“因为他相信它的前途光明”符合原文。B选项“因为他来自英国，在那里他从乙醇生产中获得了丰厚的利润”、C选项“因为他是一个爱国的美国企业家”、D选项“因为生物燃料革命没能及时缓解美国目前在加油方面的痛苦”，原文均未提及。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

19.事实细节题。题干“据专家说，纤维素乙醇最有前途的来源是____”，可定位到原文GrowingProduction?小节。本节第1段第5句Themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanol,sayexpert,isswitchgrass…（专家说，最有前途的纤维素乙醇来源是柳枝稷……）由此可知，D选项“柳枝稷”表述正确，符合题意。干扰选项A“玉米棒”、B“野草”可定位到本节第1段第3句Thislendspromisetocellulosicethanol—aproductthatcanbemadefromagricultural“waste”，suchascorncobsorweeds,whichiswidelyavailable.（这给纤维素乙醇带来了希望。纤维素乙醇是一种可以从广泛使用的农业“废物”（如玉米棒或野草）中提取的产品。）虽然玉米棒或野草也是纤维素乙醇的来源，但是并不是题目要求的最有前途的来源，排除；C选项“大豆”，可定位到本节第2段第4句Muchofthestuffismadefromsoyabeans（大多数都是由大豆制成的），结合本段第1句Bio-diesel,asyet,isasmallerenterprise.（到目前为止，生物柴油是一个较小的企业。）由此可知，大豆是许多生物柴油的原材料，而非乙醇，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

20.事实细节题。题干“美国的哪部分地区集中生产乙醇和生物柴油”，可定位到原文Bio-fuelsandAmericanfarms小节。本节第1段第2句Somepolicymakerscertainlyholdoutthisdream,particularlyintheMidwest,whereethanolandbio-dieselproductionisconcentrated.（一些政策制定者肯定坚持这一梦想，尤其是在乙醇和生物柴油生产集中的中西部地区。）由此可知D选项“中西部”表述正确。A选项“东北”、B选项“南方”、C选项“西北”，表述错误。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

3.填空题

Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)

Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.

Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.

Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)

Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.

(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.

【答案】66.D

67.B

68.A

69.E

70.C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我们习惯于将技术与购物、旅行和交通等日常活动相结合，但类似的平台也可用于公共服务。

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.没有人知道在10年或20年后，什么样的社会护理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通过实验来发现。

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地，有许多更激进的变革的例子，证明公共部门可以在有意愿的地方进行创新。

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陆要避免持续的停滞和紧缩，它就需要探索更多的激进选择。

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.数据是私营部门商业模式的核心，但政府和非政府组织在意识到数据可以帮助他们方面却慢得多。

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.这些创新都有一个共同的精神：在实践中学习的精神，在小范围内测试想法，然后改进它们。

66.【考查点】上下文关联和词汇衔接。

【解题思路】文章开头说到“欧洲的社会服务面临着挑战（faceachallengingtime）。”，下文分别介绍了面临的具体挑战和可以探索的措施，由此可知空格处应该是对于这些挑战和措施的总起句，同时D选项中的“continent（大陆）”与上文的“Europe（欧洲）”相对应。因此D选项“如果大陆要避免持续的停滞和紧缩，它就需要探索更多的激进选择。”正确。

67.【考查点】词汇衔接。

【解题思路】本段开头说到“第二个挑战是致力于实验（experimentation）。”，B选项中的“byexperimenting（通过实验）”和上文的“experimentation（实验）”相对应。因此B选项“没有人知道在10年或20年后，什么样的社会护理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通过实验来发现。”正确。

68.【考查点】词汇衔接。

【解题思路】本段开头说到“政府需要充分利用数字技术（digitaltechnology）。”，A选项中的“technology（技术）”和上文的“数字技术（digitaltechnology）”相对应。因此A选项“我们习惯于将技术与购物、旅行和交通等日常活动相结合，但类似的平台也可用于公共服务。”正确。

69.【考查点】词汇衔接。

【解题思路】本段开头说到“政府需要更聪明地处理数据（data）。”，E选项中的“Data（数据）”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata（更聪明地处理数据）”相对应。因此E选项“数据是私营部门商业模式的核心，但政府和非政府组织在意识到数据可以帮助他们方面却慢得多。”正确。

70.【考查点】上下文关联。

【解题思路】上文介绍的是欧洲的情况，本段以位于欧洲之外的印度为例进行论证，C选项中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples（在世界各地，有许多例子）”与下文的“India（印度）”相对应，起到了衔接作用。因此C选项“在世界各地，有许多更激进的变革的例子，证明公共部门可以在有意愿的地方进行创新。”正确。

4.不定项选择题

Whydoyoulistentomusic?Ifyoushouldputthisquestiontoanumberofpeople,youmightreceiveanswerslikethese:“Ilikethebeatofmusic”,“Ilookforattractivetunefulness”,“Iammovedbythesoundofchoralsinging”,“IlistentomusicformanyreasonsbutIcouldnotbegintodescribethemtoyouclearly”.Answerstothisquestionwouldbemanyanddiverse,yetalmostnoonewouldreply“Musicmeansnothingtome.”Tomostofus,musicmeanssomething;itevokessomeresponse.Weobtainsomesatisfactioninlisteningtomusic.

Formany,theenjoymentofmusicdoesnotremainatastandstill.Wefeelthatwecangetmoresatisfactionfromthemusicalexperience.Wewanttomakeclosercontactmusicinordertolearnmoreofitsnature;thuswecanrangemorebroadlyandfreelyintheareaofmusicalstyle,form,andexpression.Thisbookexploreswaysofachievingtheseobjectives.Itdeals,ofcourse,withthetechniquesofmusic,butonlyinordertoshowhowtechniqueisdirectedtowardexpressiveaimsinmusicandtowardthelistener’smusicalexperience.Inthisway,wemaygetanideaofthecomposer’sintentions,forindeed,thecomposeruseseverymusicaldeviceforitspowertocommunicateandforitscontributiontothemusicalexperience.

Althougheveryonehearsmusicdifferently,thereisacommongroundfromwhichallmusicalexperiencesgrow.Thatsourceissounditself.Soundistherawmaterialofmusic.Itmakesupthebodyandsubstanceofallmusicalactivity.Itisthepointofdepartureinthemusicalexperience.

Thekindsofsoundthatcanbeusedformusicalpurposesareamazinglyvaried.Throughouttheculturesoftheworld,EastandWest;avirtuallylimitlessarrayofsoundshasbeenemployedintheserviceofmusicalexpression.ListentoOrientaltheatremusic,thentoanexcerptfromaWagnerwork.Thesetwoareworldsapartintheirqualitiesofsoundaswellasinalmosteveryotherfeature,yeteachsayssomethingimportanttosomelisteners.Eachcanstiralistenerandevokearesponseinhim.Allmusic,whetheritisthepulsationofprimitivetribaldrumsorthecomplexcoordinationofvoicesandinstrumentsinanopera,hasthisfeature:Itisbaseduponthepowerofsoundtostiroutsenseandfeelings.

Yetsoundaloneisnotmusic.Somethinghashappenedtothesound.Itmustmoveforwardintime.Everythingthattakesplacemusicallyinvolvesthemovementofsound.Ifwehearaseriesofdrumbeats,wereceiveanimpressionofmovementfromonestroketothenext.Whensoundsfolloweachotherinapatternofmelody,wereceiveanimpressionofmovementfromonetonetothenext.Allmusicmoves;andbecauseitmoves,itisassociatedwithafundamentaltruthofexistenceandexperience.Wearestirredbyimpressionsofmovementbecauseourverylivesareconstantlyinmovement.Breathing,theactionofthepulse,growth,decay,thechangeofdayandnight,aswellastheconstantflowofphysicalaction―thesealltestifytothefundamentalrolethatmovementplaysinourlife.Musicappealstoourdesireandourneedformovement.

1.Theauthorindicatesatthebeginningofthepassagethat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthatthebookfromwhichthisexcerptistakenismainlymeantfor（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,enjoyingmusicisnotanendinitselfbecausepeoplehopeto（）throughlistening.

4.Whatisthecommongroundformusicalexperiencetodevelop?

5.Theimportanceofmovementinmusicisexplainedbycomparingitto（）.

问题1选项

A.peoplelistentomusicforsimilarreason

B.reasonsforlisteningtomusicarevaried

C.somepeopledon’tunderstandmusicatall

D.purposesforlisteningtomusiccanbespecified

问题2选项

A.listeners

B.composers

C.musicians

D.directors

问题3选项

A.learnmoremusicaldevices

B.knowmoreaboutcomposers

C.communicatemoreeffectively

D.understandmusicbetter

问题4选项

A.Material

B.Listening

C.Sound

D.Activity

问题5选项

A.apatternofmelody

B.aseriesofdrumbeats

C.physicalmovement

D.existenceandexperience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到本文第一段第三句话“Answerstothisquestionwouldbemanyanddiverse”（这个问题的答案是多种多样的）可知，人们听音乐的原因是各种各样的。A选项“人们听音乐也是出于类似的原因”说法错误，人们听音乐的原因不一样；C选项“有些人根本不懂音乐”没有原文依据；D选项“可以指定收听音乐的目的”说法错误，听音乐也是随机的，目的是不能够指定的。因此B选项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。由题干定位到本文第二段第二句话“Wefeelthatwecangetmoresatisfactionfromthemusicalexperience”（我们觉得我们可以从音乐体验中获得更多的满足感）可知，这里的“我们”指的是听音乐的人，即听众。B选项“作曲家”、C选项“音乐家”、D选项“导演”均为干扰项，这些都是与音乐有关的人，但是与本段的语义不符。因此A选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到本文第二段第三句话“Wewanttomakeclosercontactmusicinordertolearnmoreofitsnature;thuswecanrangemorebroadlyandfreelyintheareaofmusicalstyle,form,andexpression”（我们想要更密切地接触音乐，以便更多地了解它的本质；因此，我们可以在音乐风格、形式和表达方面有更广泛和自由的范围）可知，我们听音乐是为了了解音乐的本质。A选项“学习更多音乐设备”、B选项“多了解作曲家”、C选项“更有效的沟通”也是我们听音乐可以获得的，但不是终极目的。因此D选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干关键词“commonground”定位到本文第三段第一句话“Althougheveryonehearsmusicdifferently,thereisacommongroundfromwhichallmusicalexperiencesgrow.Thatsourceissounditself”（虽然每个人听音乐的方式都不一样，但所有音乐体验都有一个共同的基础，那就是声音本身）可知音乐的基础是声音本身。A选项“素材”、B选项“倾听”、D选项“活动”均为干扰项，不是音乐的基础，而是制作成音乐后的内容。因此C选项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。由题干关键词“movement”定位到最后一段第八、九句话“Wearestirredbyimpressionsofmovementbecauseourverylivesareconstantlyinmovement.Breathing,theactionofthepulse,growth,decay,thechangeofdayandnight,aswellastheconstantflowofphysicalaction―thesealltestifytothefundamentalrolethatmovementplaysinourlife”（我们被运动的印象所触动，因为我们的生活一直都在运动。呼吸、脉搏的活动、成长、衰退、昼夜的变化，以及不断的身体动作——这些都证明了运动在我们生活中所扮演的基本角色。）可知这里的运动对应的是physicalmovement。A选项“一种旋律模式”，当声音以一种旋律的模式彼此跟随时，我们会得到一种从一个音调到另一个音调的移动印象；B选项“一连串的鼓声”，如果我们听到一系列的鼓声，我们会得到一个动作的印象；D选项“存在和经验”，存在和经验的基本真理相联系。这三项均为干扰项，不是movement所指代的意义。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

问题2选项

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

问题3选项

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

问题4选项

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

问题5选项

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

问题6选项

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

问题7选项

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

问题8选项

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

问题9选项

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

问题10选项

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

问题11选项

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

问题12选项

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

问题13选项

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

问题14选项

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

问题15选项

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

问题16选项

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

问题17选项

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

问题18选项

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

问题19选项

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

问题20选项

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:D

第12题:B

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查时间副词（短语）。Justwhen正当；While当……时；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根据上下文判断，事件发生在前，报纸报道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分词辨析。现在分词表示主动，报纸报道事件细节是主动的，所以用giving。

3.

考查关系代词。Wherever无论哪里，表地点；Whatever无论什么；However不管怎样；Whichever无论哪一个；由后一句onthespot（当场）可推断出应选地点状语wherever。

4.考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem问题；purpose目的。由动词不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，选项D符合要求。

5.

考查动词辨析。make使，让；publish出版；know知道，了解；write写。句意：新闻发生的源头或是从那些将新闻制作并散播人处获得，并传播给那些想要了解新闻的人们。选项C符合句意。

6.

考查代词辨析。another另一个；oneanother彼此，互相；theother两者中的另一个；other“其他的”，其后跟可数名词复数表示泛指。句意：收音机、电报、电视以及其他发明。

7.

考查逻辑连接词。However然而，表转折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表结果。根据上下文，句子间逻辑判断为转折。选项中的however意为“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名词辨析。value价值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他们快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式来提高速度。选项D符合句意。

9.

考查动词辨析。spread传播；passed传递，通过；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的报纸被印刷并且被阅读。选项C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既