考研考博-英语-咸宁职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-咸宁职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theunfortunatedeathofthegeniuspoetcaused（）losstothiscountry.

问题1选项

A.priceless

B.countless

C.incalculable

D.imaginable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项priceless“无价的”；B选项countess“无数的，数不尽的”；C选项incalculable“不可计算的”；D选项imaginable“可想象的”。句意：那位天才诗人的不幸死亡给国家带来了不可计算的损失。结合句意，只有C选项符合。

2.单选题

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningcalmsituationsinto（）ones.

问题1选项

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。turbulent“动荡，湍流的”；tragic“悲剧的，悲痛的”；vulnerable“易受攻击的”；suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。句意：谣言到处都是,恐惧蔓延,损害的声誉,并让平静的情形陷入动荡中。A项符合题意。

3.单选题

IhadadoptedtwoEuropeanclubsasmyown,watchedtheirgameseveryweekend,wastedworkhoursreadingblogsaboutthem,emotionallyinvestedmyselfintheirtravails.

问题1选项

A.exertions

B.gritties

C.emulations

D.stretches

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项exertion“发挥；运用；努力”；B选项gritty“坚韧不拔；多沙”；C选项emulation“仿真（效）（技术）；模仿（拟）；竞争；效法”；D选项stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（连续的）一段时间；服刑期”。句意：我接纳了两家欧洲俱乐部，每个周末都观看他们的比赛，把工作时间浪费在阅读有关他们的博客上，全身心地投入到他们的苦战中。travail“艰苦劳动；煎熬，痛苦，艰辛”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

4.写作题

Directions:Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation,Tellwhichoneyouagreewithandexplainwhy,Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldgivespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.WritetheessayontheAnswerSheetonly.

【答案】Whichismoreimportanttoone'ssuccesscooperativeorcompetitive?Forsuchquestions,differentpeoplehavedifferentviews.Butinmyconception,Iguesscooperationismorevitalthancompetitive.

Firstly,cooperationisourhumanbeingsintrinsicmotive.Whenhumanbeingscouldbecalled"humanbeings"whoaredifferentwithanimals,cooperationisoneofthemostimportantfactorsforourevolution.Wehavewiserbrainthananyothercreaturesonthisplanetbecauseweknowhowtoachieveourgoalthroughteamwork.Wecouldsaythatwithoutcooperation,maybewearestillliveinStone-era.

Secondly,inmodernsociety,wearefacingmoreandmoresophisticationinsocialdivisionoflabor.TheTVsetwhichisverycommontoeverybodyofusismadeupofthousandsofsparepartswhichmaybemadeinhundredsoffactory.Thecar,thecomputer,eventhesewingmachineandfruitknifeisverycomplicatedduringthemanufactureprocedure.Similarlyatoneworkshop,asmallmemberteam,evenwifeandhusband,weneedtobecooperativewitheachother.

Thirdly,wemakepreparationforsuccess,wehavetobecooperative.Inmodernmanagementpointsofview,cooperationandinter-dependenceareelites.Wearealwaysemphasizing"synergy"whichmeans1+1morethan2.Cooperationisthematchwhichcouldlightenfire.Cooperationisthekeywhichcouldopenthedoorofsuccess.

However,likeacoinhastwosides,wecannotoverlooktheeffectiveandpositiveinfluenceofcompetition.Cooperation,thencompetition,Ithink,istherightway.

5.单选题

Diamondshavelittle（

）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

问题1选项

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的稀缺性。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Geneticallymodifiedcropsareeverywhere.ItseemseveninEurope,strictlawsdesignedtokeeptheEuropeanUnionfreeofGMcropsarenotworking,insteadareposingproblemsfortheEU:Farmers’srepresentativessaythatsuppliesofanimalfeedforpoultryandpigsarebeingrefusedentryatEuropeanportswhenfoundtocontaineventraceamountsofGMmaterial.

UnderEurope’s“zero-tolerance”lawsonGM,introducedin2007,thepresenceofevenafewseedsofGMmaterialwillruleoutanentireshipment.TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.”saysPekkaPesonen,secretarygeneralofCopa-Cogeca,afederationofgroupsrepresenting15millionEUfarmersintotal.HeclaimsthatEuropeanpigandpoultryfarmerswillgooutofbusinessunlesstheEUadoptsamorepracticalcheckingapproachbysettingastandard―say0.5percent—beneathwhichGMistolerated.Pesonensayssuch“tolerances”operateforotherpollution,includingpesticidesandheavymetals.SowhynotforGMmaterial,muchofwhichhasbeenclearedforhumanconsumptionelsewhereintheworld?

Lastyear200,000tonsofconventionalanimalfeed―mainlysoyandcom―wererefusedentrytotheEUwhentheywerefoundtocontainsmallamountsofGMcomvarieties.ThenflaxfromCanadawasfoundtocontaintracesofaGMvarietynamedCDCTriffidthatwaswithdrawnfromcommercialsalein2001.Followingaprohibitiononflaxmorethan100shipmentswererejected,buttradeisslowlyresuming.Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.

Priceswillbehigherstillthisyear,saysPesonen.owingtonaturaldisasterinSouthAmericaandagrowingmarketforAmericanfarmerssellingcropstoAsia,whichacceptsmixedshipments.IncreasingnumbersofGMcropvarietiesareontheway.Atpresent,around30varietiesaregrownaroundtheworld,blitthatispredictedtodoubletwiceby2015.makingscreeningmoredifficultthanever.

AfurtherconflictarisesbecausealltheEuropeanofficialsareduetobereplacedinFebruary.Aspokeswomanforthehealthcommission,whichintroducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops,saysthatintensivediscussiononfeedimportshavealreadytakenplace.“Oncethenewcommissionisestablished,itwillhavetoconsiderhowtoproceedonthismatter.”shesays.

1.EuropeanlawsagainstGMproducts（

）.

2.Takingtoday’sglobalsupplychainintoaccount,theanimalfeedindustrythinksthat

（

）.

3.WhatisEuropeanfarmers’attitudetoGMaccordingtoPekkaPesonen?

4.Aftersomeshipmentsarerefusedtobeimported,

（

）.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydidthehealthcommissionintroducethezero-tolerancepolicy?

问题1选项

A.managetofunctionwell

B.bringtroublestofarmers

C.helpfarmersalot

D.allowfoodwithGMmaterial

问题2选项

A.GMmaterialispossibletobeprevented

B.Europeanlawsareimpractical

C.Onlytheinternationalsupplychaincanwork

D.GoodsshouldbeprohibitedonceanyGMstuffisfound

问题3选项

A.Theythinkit’sreasonableforpeopletoworryaboutGM’sinfluence.

B.Theythinkit’sunderstandabletosetanabsolutelimitonGMproducts.

C.TheywillbebrokenifEUhelpthemtolimitGMeffect.

D.Theythink0.5percentistoohighastandard.

问题4选项

A.Tradeisgoingdownalltheway

B.Peoplestillsigntradeontime

C.Goodsaregettingmoreexpensive

D.Merchantstryriskingtradingagain

问题5选项

A.BecausetheEuropeanofficialsaretobereplaced

B.Becausethepolicyistheresultoftheintensivediscussion.

C.BecauseitwantstoeliminatethedoubtsabouttheGMcrops’safety.

D.BecausethepriceofGMcropsisveryhigh.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第二段的内容：欧洲2007年出台了关于转基因的“零容忍”法律。动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的。Copa-Cogeca组织的秘书长PekkaPesonen说：“欧洲的养猪户和家禽养殖户将会破产，除非欧盟采取一种更实际的检查方法，设定一个可以容忍转基因的标准，比如0.5%。”由此可推断，这一法律给农民带来了麻烦，所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“TheanimalfeedindustrysaysthelawsareunworkablebecauseGMmaterialisalmostunavoidable,giventoday’sglobalsupplychain.动物饲料行业说，这些法律是行不通的，因为考虑到当今的全球供应链，转基因物质几乎是不可避免的。”选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“PekkaPesonen”定位到第二段的内容“ThoughweunderstandtheconsumerconcerninEurope,wedon'tunderstandzerotolerancebecauseitclosesdowntrade.尽管我们理解欧洲消费者的担忧，但我们不理解零容忍，因为它关闭了贸易。”由此可知，欧洲农民认为人们担心转基因产品的影响是合理的。选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后两句“Therejectedtonnagesisonlyasmallpartofthe32milliontonsoffeedimportedeachyear.Butitleadstodelaystosubsequentcontracts,higherpricesandreluctancebyimporterstoriskfurthershipments.被拒绝的吨数只是每年进口的3200万吨饲料的一小部分。但这导致随后的合同延期、价格上涨以及进口商不愿冒进一步发货的风险。”由此可知，选项C正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“...introducedthezero-tolerancepolicytosatisfywidespreadquestioningsinEuropeaboutthesafetyofGMcrops...（委员会）推出零容忍政策，以满足欧洲对转基因作物安全性的普遍质疑”。选项C符合原文。

7.单选题

Yes,it’sahackneyedphrase,butpoliticsistheartofthepossible.

问题1选项

A.trite

B.haggard

C.poundage

D.sighted

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项trite“陈腐的，平庸的，老一套的”；B选项haggard“憔悴的，野性的，（鹰）未驯服的”；C选项poundage“按每磅收取的手续费或税金，磅重总数”；D选项sighted“有视力的，不盲的”。句意：是的，这是一个陈词滥调，但政治是可能的艺术。Hackneyed“陈腐的，平庸的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.ItsTertiarylavasoftheAntrimPlateau,coveringsome3,800sqkm,representthelargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

TheCausewayisamassofbasaltcolumnspackedtightlytogether.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Altogetherthereare40,000ofthesestonecolumns,mostlyhexagonal,butsomearequadrangular,pentagonal,heptagonalandoctagonal.Thetallestateabout40feethigh,andthesolidifiedlavainthecliffsis90feetthickinplaces.

AfinecircularwalkwilltakeyoudowntotheGiant’sCauseway,pastamphitheatresofstonecolumnsandformationswithfancifulnamesliketheHoneycomb,theWishingWell,andtheGiant’sGranny,pastawoodenstaircasetoBenbaneHead,andbackalongthecliff-top.Furtherdownthecoast,thestunningCarrick-a-rederopebridgespansagapingchasmbetweenthecoastandasmallislandusedbyfishermen.Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!

TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986.ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.

MoyleDistrictCouncil’sCausewayVisitorCentreisopendailyallyearroundandlocatedontheclifftop1kmfromthesite.TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory,andhighlightsthemanyotherattractionsoftheCausewayCoastandGlensofAntrimarea.

50.TheGiant’sCausewaywascreatedby______.

51.ThelastsentenceinParagraph3impliesthatthetripontheswingingbridgeisquite______.

52.WhichoftheGiant’sCauseway’sfeaturesbestfitswiththecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention?

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheGiant’sCauseway?

问题1选项

A.theancientIrishpeople

B.thegiantFinnMcCool

C.thevolcanicactivities

D.thedriftoflavaplateau

问题2选项

A.inviting

B.intimidating

C.eye-opening

D.heart-breaking

问题3选项

A.Itsunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformations.

B.Itsamphitheatreswithfancilynamedstonecolumns.

C.ItslargestremaininglavaplateauinEurope.

D.Itsswingingropebridgebetweenthecoastandalittleisle.

问题4选项

A.Itprovidesvisitorsgrandandbreath-takingviews.

B.ItisasourceofliteraryinspirationfortheancientIrish.

C.Itservesasanexcellentpieceofmaterialforscientificresearch.

D.ItdwarfsmanyotherWorldHeritageSitesinEurope.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】50.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“巨人之路是由……创造的”。根据文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潜伏在陆地尽头、荒凉的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定让古代爱尔兰人感到惊奇，他们随后受到启发并创造了有关它的建造者的传说，即巨人芬恩麦库尔）和第二句TheCausewayCoasthasanunparalleleddisplayofgeologicalformationsrepresentingvolcanicactivityduringtheEarlyTertiaryPeriodsome5060millionyearsago.（堤道海岸有着无与伦比的地质构造，代表了约5亿6千万年前第三纪早期的火山活动），以及第四段中的TheGiant’sCausewayandCausewayCoastsitewasinscribedasaWorldHeritageSite…itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures（巨人之路和堤道海岸于1986年被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录……它是一个杰出的例子，代表了地球历史的主要阶段，包括生命的记录：在地形发展中的重要的持续地质过程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征），可知，巨人之路的创造是由于火山的活动而产生了持续的地质过程，从而形成巨人之路，所以C项“火山活动”正确。A项“古代爱尔兰人”错误；D项“熔岩高原的漂移”中的“漂移”文中没有提及；B项“巨人芬恩麦库尔”为干扰项，文章第一句说到了legend（神话），可知巨人之路是由巨人芬恩麦库尔创造的并不是真实发生的事情，而是爱尔兰人们为了解释这一现象而创造出来的神话，该项不选。因此，该题选择C项正确。

51.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第三段的最后一句话暗示了在摇摆桥上的旅行是相当……”。根据题干定位到第三段最后一句Theeighty-footdropcanbecrossedviatheswingingbridge―andisnotforthefaint-hearted!（可以通过80英尺落差的摇摆桥，胆小的人可不行！），由最后的faint-hearted（怯懦的，胆怯的）就可以推知，摇摆桥是令人害怕的，B项“令人生畏的”正确。A项“诱人的，有魅力的”、C项“使人开眼界的”和D项“心碎的”都不正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

52.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“巨人之路的哪一个特征最符合世界遗产公约的标准？”。根据题干定位到文章第四段ThesiteisofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetsthecriteriasetintheWorldHeritageConvention.Namely,itisanoutstandingexamplerepresentingmajorstagesoftheearth’shistoryincludingtherecordoflife:significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinlandformdevelopments,andsignificantgeomorphicandphysiographicfeatures;moreover,italsocontainssuperlativenaturalphenomenaandareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance.（该遗址具有突出的普世价值，符合《世界遗产公约》规定的标准。也就是说，它是一个杰出的例子，代表了地球历史的主要阶段，包括生命的记录：在地形发展中的重要的持续地质过程，以及重要的地貌和地貌特征；此外，它还包含了最高的自然现象和特殊的自然美和美学重要性的领域。），可知巨人之路的持续地质过程、重要的地貌和地貌特征以及自然现象和自然美是最符合世界遗产公约的标准，所以A项“无与伦比的地质构造”最能概括这几点。B项“它的圆形凹地有着名字奇特的石柱”、C项“欧洲最大的熔岩高原”和D项“在海岸和一个小岛之间的摇摆绳索桥”都是包括在里面的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“关于巨人之路，下列哪项是不正确的？”。由最后一段第二句TheCentreistheidealstartingpointforwalksalongthecoastalandcliff-toppaths,providingallexcellentrangeofvisitorservices.（该中心是沿海岸和悬崖的理想起点，为游客提供各种优质的服务。）可知，A项“它为游客提供了壮丽的景色”符合原文。由文章第一句ThelandscapeoftheGiant’sCauseway,lurkingbelowthegauntseawallwherethelandends,musthavestruckwonderintotheheartsoftheancientIrish,whosubsequentlyfeltinspiredandcreatedlegendsaboutitsbuilder:thegiantFinnMcCool.（潜伏在陆地尽头、荒凉的海堤下的巨人之路，肯定让古代爱尔兰人感到惊奇，他们随后受到启发并创造了有关它的建造者的传说，即巨人芬恩麦库尔）可知，B项“它是古代爱尔兰文学灵感的来源”正确。由最后一段倒数第一句A12-minuteaudio-visualpresentation,withcommentaryavailablein5Europeanlanguages,enablesvisitorstofurtherexploretheoriginsoftheGiant’sCausewaythroughlocalfolkloreandscientifictheory…（12分钟的视听介绍，配有5种欧洲语言的解说，使游客可以通过当地的民间传说和科学理论进一步探索巨人之路的起源……）可知，巨人之路在科学理论的探索上发挥了作用，C项“它是科学研究的绝佳材料”也符合。只有D项“它使欧洲的许多其他世界遗产相形见绌”在文中并没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.单选题

Shamsanddelusionsareesteemedforsoundesttruths,whilerealityisfabulous.Ifmenwouldsteadilyobserverealitiesonly,andnotallowthemselvestobedeluded,life,tocompareitwithsuchthingsasweknow,wouldbelikeafairytaleandtheArabianNights5Entertainments.Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets.Whenweareunhurriedandwise,weperceivethatonlygreatandworthythinghaveanypermanentandabsoluteexistence,andthatpettyfearsandpettypleasurearebuttheshadowofreality.Thisisalwaysexhilaratingandsublime.Byclosingtheeyesandslumbering,byconsentingtobedeceivedbyshows,menestablishandconfirmtheirdailylifeofroutineandhabiteverywhere,whichstillisbuiltonpurelyillusoryfoundation.Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure.IhavereadinaHindoobook,that“therewasaking’sson,who,beingexpelledininfancyfromhisnativecity,wasbroughtupbyaforester,and,growinguptomaturityinthatstate,imaginedhimselftobelongtothebarbarousracewithwhichhelived.Oneofhisfather'sministershavingdiscoveredhim.revealedtohimwhathewas,andthemisconceptionofhischaracterwasremoved,andheknewhimselftobeaprince.Sosoul,fromthecircumstancesinwhichitisplaced,mistakesitsowncharacter,untilthetruthisrevealedtoitbysomeholyteacher,andthenitknowsitselftobeBrahma.“Wethinkthatiswhichappearstobe.Ifamanshouldgiveusanaccountoftherealitieshebeheld,weshouldnotrecognizetheplaceinhisdescription.Lookatameeting-house,oracourt-house,orajail,orashop,oradwelling-house,andsaywhatthatthingreallyisbeforeatruegaze,andtheywouldallgotopiecesinyouraccountofthem.Menesteemtruthremote,intheoutskirtsofthesystem,behindthefartheststar,beforeAdamandafterthelastman.Ineternitythereisindeedsomethingtrueandsublime.Butallthesetimesandplacesandoccasionsarenowandhere.Godhimselfculminatesinthepresentmoment,andwillneverbemoredivineinthelapseofallages.Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus.Theuniverseconstantlyandobedientlyanswerstoourconceptions;whetherwetravelfastorslow,thetrackislaidforus.Letusspendourlivesinconceivingthen.Thepoetortheartistneveryethadasfairandnobleadesignbutsomeofhisposterityatleastcouldaccomplishit.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatachild（）.

2.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithurgingthereaderto（）.

3.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheartsis（）.

4.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithproblemof（）.

问题1选项

A.frequentlyfacesvitalproblemsbetterthangrownupsdo

B.shouldpracticewhattheHindoospreach

C.hardlyeverknowshistrueorigin

D.isincapableofappreciatingthearts

问题2选项

A.looktothefutureforenlightenment

B.honorthewisdomofthepastages

C.appraisethepresentforitstruevalue

D.spendmoretimeinleisureactivities

问题3选项

A.suspicion

B.admiration

C.indifference

D.repulsion

问题4选项

A.historyandeconomics

B.biologyandphysics

C.theologyandphilosophy

D.societyandpopulation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为一个孩子……”。文章提到“凭借着失败的经验而认为自己更加聪明的大人们，嬉戏地生活着的孩子，比那些不能有价值生活的人更能发现生活的规律和各种关系”（Children,whoplaylife,discernitstruelawandrelationsmoreclearlythanmen,whofailtoliveworthily,butwhothinktheyarewiserbyexperience,thatis,byfailure），因此选项A符合题意，嬉戏地生活着的孩子比成人更好地面对生活中的一些问题。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者主要关系的是敦促读者……”。文章后面提到我们只有通过不断灌输和参悟周围的现实，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣（Andweareenabledtoapprehendatallwhatissublimeandnobleonlybytheperpetualinstillinganddrenchingoftherealitythatsurroundsus），由此可知作者强调的是人们应该抓住现实，因此选项C符合题意。

3.观点态度题。题目问是的“作者对艺术的态度是什么？”文章提到“如果我们只尊重一切不可避免的，并有存在权利的事物，音乐和诗歌便将响彻街头”(Ifwerespectedonlywhatisinevitableandhasarighttobe,musicandpoetrywouldresoundalongthestreets)，由此可知在作者看来，音乐和诗歌是有存在权利的，可以看出作者对其是持肯定态度的，因此选项B“赞赏”符合题意。indifference“冷淡”；suspicion“怀疑”。

4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章主要是关于……的问题”。文章主要是从哲学层面来探讨人们应该重视现实这一个问题，并没有涉及到经济、人口和生物这些方面，因此选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.

问题1选项

A.disinfected

B.scratched

C.rinsed

D.scoured

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词scrubbed意为“用力擦洗；使净化”；A选项“disinfected”意为“将……消毒”；B选项“scratched”意为“抓；刮；挖出；乱涂”；C选项“rinsed”意为“（用清水）冲洗，漂净”；D选项“scoured”意为“（用粗糙的物体）擦净，洗涤；冲洗，清除”。句意：虽然她已经彻底地擦洗那只旧壶，但她无法使它看上去完全干净。由题干可知，shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean（但她无法使它看上去完全干净）说明她正设法把那只旧壶弄干净，可以推测出这里的动作应该是擦净。由此可知，scrubbed在此处最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思，四个选项中scoured具有“擦净”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

问题1选项

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

问题2选项

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

问题3选项

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

问题4选项

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘尽管工人们担心自动化的影响，但他们从不怀疑……？’根据第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.劳工基本上的观点是抵抗技术变革是徒然的”确定D选项“自动化是一种不能被阻止的趋势”正确。

2.推理判断题。题目提问‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根据第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一种方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生产力的基础上增加工资。”确定B选项“工人应该共享生产增加和成本降低的福利”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘为了获得自动化的全部好处，劳动力将主要依靠……？’根据最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，劳动力有可能主要依靠减少工作时间来充分分享自动化的成果。”确定A选项“更短的工作时间和更多的休闲吋间”正确。

4.主旨大意题。全文主要是讲“自动化的发展对劳工在工作与就业等方而带来的影响”，所以B选项“劳工与自动化的影响”正确。文章并没有对自动化的劣势展开讨论，所以A选项“自动化的优势与劣势”错误，C选项“失业福利计划和自动化”和D选项“自动化的社会效益”只是文中提及的一部分内容，排除。

12.单选题

WhenthenewsofaUFOsightingwasbroadcastonradio,somelistenerscalledtochallengethe（）ofit.

问题1选项

A.vicissitude

B.value

C.validity

D.visitation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。vicissitude变迁，盛衰；value价值；validity正确性；visitation访问，探视。由challenge可知听众想挑战该消息的正确性。C项正确。句意：当一个不明飞行物目击事件的消息播出广播,一些听众打电话来挑战消息的正确性。

13.单选题

“Doyouthink______Ishouldattendthelecture?”sheaskedme.

问题1选项

A.that

B.whether

C.if

D.when

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查宾语从句。句意：“你认为我应该去听讲座吗？”她问我。Ishouldattendthelecture作think的宾语从句，引导词用that，A选项that符合题意。B选项whether和C选项if“是否”词义和前面疑问词do重复；如果要用D选项when，就要改成whendoyouthink。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Thatmachinewasveryuseful;buthewasdefinitely（

）whenhesaiditwasthegreatestmachineeverinvented.

问题1选项

A.lying

B.bluffing

C.exaggerating

D.overreacting

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。lie“躺”；bluff“虚张声势”；exaggerate“夸大”；overreact“反应过度”。句意：那台机器用处非常大，但是当他声称它曾经是最伟大的机器时，明显是在夸大。选项C符合题意。

15.单选题

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

问题1选项

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项override“推翻；不顾；践踏”；B选项avert“避免，防止；转移”；C选项reinvigorate“使再振作，使复兴”；D选项ownupto“承认；承认错误，坦白”。句意：人们认为，重振欧洲研发创新的途径在于公私双方共同参与的合作方式。本句表示“使欧洲研发创新重振的途径”，因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

ThesimplewoodenhousesitsinanunremarkableoldneighborhoodinanOsakasuburb,thekindofplacepeopleforgetstillexistsinmodemJapan.Therearenopachinkoparlorsorcybercafes—noshopsofanykind,really.It'sanunlikelyplacetoencounterthenextversionofJapan'stechnologicalevolution.Butlistentowhathappenswhenagray-hairedseptuagenariannamedKazukoKomiyamareturnsaftervisitingfriends,"Welcomehome,"avoicechirps."Isn’titaniceday?”

Thehigh-pitchedgreetingbelongstoarobot.It’sasimplemachine,tobesure.Thisisn'tathoughtfulroboticcharacterlikethosefoundinaStarWarsmovie,orlikeJapan’sownpopularcreationAstroBoy.Butit’sarobotnonetheless:achocolate-brownwombatthateventuallywillbeable,toflutteritseyeswh