考研考博-英语-北京交通大学海滨学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京交通大学海滨学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

He（）thetheory,thephilosophyandthepatternthatbecamethemodelforLi’sownmilitaryforceslater.

问题1选项

A.furnished

B.decorated

C.polished

D.meditated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项furnish“提供”；B选项decorate“修饰”；C选项polish“使完美，完善”；D选项meditate“冥想”。根据题干可知，可推测这里应当填入一个表示完成的动词，C选项符合题干内容。句意：他……的理论，哲学和模式，成为后来李自己的军队的模型。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。

3.单选题

Womenoncedemandedmenwith______socialskills,butthey'renowfocusingon"hisvalues,ifhe’sinterestedinfamily".

问题1选项

A.impeditive

B.colossal

C.blemish

D.impeccable

【答案】D

【解析】impeditive阻碍的,妨碍的;colossal巨大的,庞大的;blemish污点,缺点,瑕疵；impeccable没有缺点的，无瑕疵的。句意：女性曾经要求男性具备无可挑剔的社交能力，但现在她们关注的是“他的价值观，他是否热爱家庭”。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Themostimportantpartsofthecollectionareinaccessibletoscholar.

问题1选项

A.notuseful

B.notattractive

C.notclear

D.notavailable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inaccessible表示“难接近的，难达到的”；A项notuseful“没有用的”，B项notattractive“不吸引人的”，C项notclear“不清楚的”，D项notavailable“难以获得的，不能利用的”。句意：学者们无法看到收藏的最重要的部分。因此D项正确。

5.单选题

Asregardstothedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,（）isveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.

问题1选项

A.persistence

B.regularity

C.consistency

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当

6.单选题

Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

问题1选项

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。

7.单选题

ByaboutA.D.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisadedIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippiancultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics,finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,，hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsaltmaking.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Theparagraphprecedingthisonemostprobablydiscussed.

3.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated.

4.TheMississippiancultureinfluencedthecultureofthe.

5.Accordingtothepassage,themoundswereusedas.

问题1选项

A.TheMississippianculture

B.ThedeclineofMoundBuilderculture

C.ThearchitectureofMeso-AmericanIndians

D.Theeasternwoodlandstribes

问题2选项

A.theMoundBuilderculture

B.warfareinAD500

C.thegeographyoftheMississippiarea

D.agricultureneartheMississippiRiver

问题3选项

A.inessentiallythesamearea

B.farthersouthalongthewatershedC

C.totheeast

D.tothewest

问题4选项

A.easternwoodlandtribes

B.MoundBuilders

C.Meso-Americans

D.Egyptians

问题5选项

A.palacesfortheroyalfamilies

B.fortressesfordefense

C.centersforconductingtrade

D.placesforburyingthedead

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文段内容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes可知是在讲述Mississippianculture，因此选项A符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文段一开始就提到了theMoundBuilderculture在不断衰退，由此可推测该文段之前的内容是在讲述该文化，因此选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文段第二句话中的关键信息tothewest…wasbeginningtoflourish，该文化指的是Mississippianculture，由此可知相对于Mississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculture位于东边，选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文段内容ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes，可知选项A符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文段内容builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces可知选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Thesunissolargethatifitwere（）,itwouldholdamillionearths.

问题1选项

A.elegant

B.immense

C.hollow

D.clumsy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项elegant“高雅的，优雅的，讲究的”，B项immense“巨大的，广大的，无边无际的”，C项hollow“空的，中空的”，D项clumsy“适合于”。根据句子可知空格部分的句子是真实条件状语从句，句子意思是“太阳是如此之大，如果它是……，它将容纳一百万个地球”，可以推测，在四个选项中，空格处填入“空的”符合语境。句意：太阳是如此之大，如果它是中空的，它可以容纳一百万个地球。因此，该题C项正确。

9.单选题

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

问题1选项

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。request“请求，需要”；inquiry“探究，调查”；enquiry“询问，询盘”；proposal“提议，建议”。句意：他提出要请一天假以便能够参加他女儿的婚礼。requestfor“要求，对…有请求”，只有A项符合句意。

10.单选题

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

问题1选项

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

【解析】没有错误。句意:《道德经》几乎可以肯定是现代西方人中最受敬仰的中国古代哲学文本。自19世纪中期以来，它被多次翻译成英文。

11.单选题

Withtheexpansionofthecompany,themanagerhassomuchworktodothataholidayforhimthisyearis（）.

问题1选项

A.outofquestion

B.outofthequestion

C.beyondallquestion

D.pastquestion

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。outofquestion“毫无疑问”；outofthequestion“不可能”；beyondallquestion“毫无疑问”；pastquestion“无可争辩”。句意：随着公司的扩张，经理有很多的工作要做，所以今年的假期对他来说是不可能的。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

ClassicsisasubjectthatexistsinthatgapbetweenusandtheworldoftheGreeksandRomans.ThequestionsraisedbyClassicsarethequestionsraisedbyourdistancefrom‘their’worldandatthesametimebyourclosenesstoit,andbyitsfamiliaritytousinourmuseums,inourliterature,languages,culture,andwaysofthinking.TheaimofClassicsisnotonlytodiscoveroruncovertheancientworld(thoughthatispartofit,astherediscoveryofBassae).Itsaimisalsotodefineanddebateourrelationshiptothatworld.Thisbookwillexplorethatrelationship,anditshistory,startingfromaspectaclethatisfamiliar,but,atthesametime,canbecomepuzzlingandstrange:dismemberedfragmentsofanancientGreektempleputonshowintheBritishMuseum.InLatintheword'museum'onceindicated;atempleoftheMuses’；inwhatrespectsisthemodemmuseumtherightplacetopreservetreasuresfromaclassicaltemple?Doesitonlylookthepart?

TheissuesraisedbyBassaeprovideamodelforunderstandingClassicsinitswidestsense.Ofcourse,Classicsisaboutmorethanthephysicalremains,thearchitecture,sculptureandpainting,ofancientGreeceandRome.Itisalsoaboutthepoetry,philosophy,scienceandhistorywrittenintheancientworldandstillreadanddebatedaspartofourculture.Butheretoo,essentiallysimilarissuesareatstake,questionsabouthowwearetoreadliteraturewhichhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years,writteninasocietyverydistantanddifferentfromourown.

ToreadPlato’swritingsonphilosophicaltopics,forexample,involvesfacingthatdifference,andtryingtounderstandasociety,theancientGreece,inwhichwritingcamenotinprintedbooksbutonpapyrusrolls,eachonecopiedbythehandofaslave;andinwhich‘philosophy’wasstillthoughtofasanactivitythatwentonintheopenairlifeofthecity,andwaspartofasocialworldofdrinkinganddinner.Evenwhenphilosophybecameasubjectforstudyinlectureandclassroom,initsownright,itremainedaverydifferentbusinessfromourownacademictradition-forallthatPlato’sschoolwastheoriginal‘Academy’namedafterasuburbofAthens.

Ontheotherhand,remoteornot,toreadPlatoisalsotoleadphilosophythatbelongstous,notjusttothem.Platoisstillthemostcommonlyreadphilosopherintheworld;andaswereadhimnow,weinevitablyreadhimaspartof‘our’philosophicaltradition,inthelightofallthosephilosopherswhohavecomesince,whothemselveshadreadPlato.

Everysurvivalfromtheclassicalworldis,ofcourse,unique.Atthesametime,asthisbookwillshow,thereareproblems,stories,questions,significancesthatallthosesurvivalsholdincommon;thereisaplacein‘our’culturalstorythatthey(andonlythey)share.That,andreflectiononthat,amountstoClassics.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutClassics?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPlato?

3.Theword“them”inparagraph4refersto（）.

4.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）.

5.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis（）

问题1选项

A.Classicscanonlybeunderstoodfromthetreasureinthemodemmuseums.

B.Classicsmayjustbesnapshotsoftheancientworld.

C.Classicsarenotonlyforoneagebutalsoforalltime.

D.OnlythoseappearinginancientGreececanbecalledClassics.

问题2选项

A.Platolivedinatimewhenpaperwasmadefromthepapyrusplant.

B.Platolivedinatimewhenphilosophyispartofpeople’sdailylife.

C.Plato’swritingswerefoundintheTempleofBassae.

D.Plato’swritingsarereadbyallpeoplebothinancienttimesandatpresent.

问题3选项

A.theancientpeople

B.Plato’sstudents

C.theGreekslaves

D.philosophers

问题4选项

A.conclusion

B.afterword

C.preface

D.bookreview

问题5选项

A.UsandThem:Classics

B.PhilosophyandPlato

C.MuseumandClassics

D.Classics

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“ThequestionsraisedbyClassicsarethequestionsraisedbyourdistancefrom‘their’worldandatthesametimebyourclosenesstoit,andbyitsfamiliaritytousinourmuseums,inourliterature,languages,culture,andwaysofthinking.”，可知古典文学提出的问题来自于我们和遥远世界的距离，与此同时，也是近距离时代的问题，以及在我们熟悉的博物馆、文学、语言、文化和思维方式中提出的问题。可推断出古典文学适用于所有时代。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第三段，“…theancientGreece,inwhichwritingcamenotinprintedbooksbutonpapyrusrolls…”，可知在古希腊，文字不是写在纸上，而是印在纸草卷上。所以选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第三段，“inwhich‘philosophy’wasstillthoughtofasanactivitythatwentonintheopenairlifeofthecity,andwaspartofasocialworldofdrinkinganddinner.”，可知在柏拉图时代，哲学是人们生活的一部分，选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“remoteornot,toreadPlatoisalsotoleadphilosophythatbelongstous,notjusttothem.”，不管时代的遥远与否，柏拉图哲学不仅属于他们，也属于我们，选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章第二段第一句，“TheissuesraisedbyBassaeprovideamodelforunderstandingClassicsinitswidestsense.”，可知Bassae提出的问题为从最广泛的意义上理解古典文学提供了一种模式。并未提到柏拉图的作品是在巴塞神庙中被发现。选项C符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Ontheotherhand,remoteornot,toreadPlatoisalsotoleadphilosophythatbelongstous,notjusttothem.”，可知另一方面，不管是现代还是远古，柏拉图也是属于我们的哲学，而不仅仅是属于他们的哲学。又根据第一段中提到“ClassicsisasubjectthatexistsinthatgapbetweenusandtheworldoftheGreeksandRomans.”，可知古典文学是存在于我们和希腊罗马世界之间的一门学科。可推断出这里的them指古人。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第一段“Thisbookwillexplorethatrelationship,anditshistory,startingfromaspectaclethatisfamiliar…”，以及文章最后一段“asthisbookwillshow,thereareproblems,stories,questions,significances…”，可知本篇文章是对一本书的内容进行了简单的介绍和阐述，所以应该是一本书的前言。选项C符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要提到古典文学存在于我们和古人的世界差距之间。第二段主要介绍了古典文学的主要内容。第三段和第四段体现了现代和古希腊时期对哲学的不同观点。第五段提到古典文学不仅仅属于“他们”，也属于“我们”，适用于每个时代，有一些可以共享的文化故事。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Heisavery______performer:hecansing,dance,andplaythepiano.

问题1选项

A.good

B.experienced

C.honest

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项good“优秀的”；B选项experienced“有经验的”；C选项honest“诚实的”；D选项versatile“多才多艺的”。句意：他是一个非常______的表演者：他会唱歌，跳舞和弹钢琴。根据语境，他会各种才艺，D选项versatile“多才多艺的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Herhousehasnotbeenrepairedintime.

B.Shehasfailedtoreachthemanageragain.

C.Herclaimhasbeencompletelydisregarded.

D.Shehasnotreceivedanyletterfromtheman.

问题2选项

A.Thegroundflooroftheircottagewasflooded.

B.Theircaravanwaswashedawaybytheflood.

C.Theirentirehousewasdestroyedbytheflood.

D.Theroofoftheircottagecollapsedintheflood.

问题3选项

A.Thewoman’smisreadingoftheinsurancecompany’sletter.

B.Thewoman’signoranceoftheinsurancecompany’spolicy.

C.Thewoman’sinaccuratedescriptionofthewholeincident.

D.Thewoman’sfailuretopayherhouseinsuranceintime.

问题4选项

A.Filealawsuitagainsttheinsurancecompany.

B.TalktothemanagerofSafeHouseInsurance.

C.Consultherlawyerabouttheinsurancepolicy.

D.Revisethetermsandconditionsofthecontract.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Goodmorning,SafeHouseInsurance.MynameisPaul.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?

W:Morning.Iwouldn’tsaythatit’sgoodfromwhereIamstanding.ThisisMissWilson,andthisisthethirdtimeI’vecalledthisweeksincereceivingyourletteraboutourinsuranceclaim.[1]I’mgettingalittlefedupwithmycallsaboutmyclaimbeingcompletelydisregarded.

M:MissWilson,thankyouforcallingback.CanItakesomedetailstohelpmelookatyourclaim?

W:It’sMissMayWilsonof15SouthSeaRoadinCornwall,andthedetailsarethatourvillagewasextensivelyfloodedtwomonthsago.[2]Theentiregroundfloorofourcottagewassubmergedinwater,andfiveofushavebeenlivinginacaravaneversince.Youpeoplearestillwithholdingthemoneyweareentitledtooverabizarretechnicaldetail,andit’snotacceptable,Paul!

M:MissWilson,accordingtothenotesonyouraccount,[3]thebizarretechnicaldetailthatyoumentionedreferstothefactthatyouhadn’tpaidhouseinsurancethemonthbeforetheincident.

W:Thatmoneyleftouraccount.Andnowthatyoushouldbepayingout,youaresuddenlysayingthatyoudidn’treceiveitontime.I’mreallyskepticalaboutthisclaim.

M:Thecontractdoessaythatanymissedpaymentinayearwillaffectthetermsandconditionsoftheinsurancecontractandmayaffectclaims.Ofcourse,Icanpassyouontomymanagertotalktoyoumoreaboutthis.

W:I’vealreadyspokentohimandyoucantellhimI’mfuriousnowandthat[4]yourcompanyhasalawsuitonitshands.Youwillbehearingfrommylawyer.Goodbye.

1.Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问女士在抱怨什么？对话开头，女士提到，这是她本周第三次给这家保险公司打电话了，令她有些无法忍受的是，她的索赔诉求完全被忽视了，C选项“她的诉求完全被忽视了”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“她的房子未能及时得到修缮”，根据录音可知，女士向保险公司索赔的是金钱，而不是要请人来帮她修缮房子，所以A选项不正确；B选项“她又没能联系到经理”，录音中女士明确说到，她已经和经理谈过了，因此B选项不正确；D选项“她没有收到过男士的来信”表述错误，在对话开头，女士就说她收到了男士寄给她的关于索赔的信件（receivingyourletteraboutourinsuranceclaim）。

2.Whatistheproblemthewoman’sfamilyencountered?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问女士一家遇到了什么问题？女士说，由于两个月前村里发洪水，她家房子的底层全部进水了。A选项“他们房屋的底层被水淹没了”中flooded是对录音原文submergedinwater的同义复述，因此A选项正确。B选项“他们的大篷车被洪水冲走了”，录音说的是女士一家由于房子被淹，现在住在大篷车里，所以车并没有被洪水冲走，因此B选项不正确；C选项“他们的整栋房子都被洪水冲毁了”，主要错在entire以及destroy上面，录音表述的是房子的groundfloor（底层）被淹没了，并不是整个房屋被冲毁了，所以C选项也不正确；D选项“他们房屋的屋顶在洪水中倒塌了”在录音中并未被提及，因此排除。

3.Whathascausedtheso-called“bizarretechnicaldetail”,accordingtotheman?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问根据男士所说的，是什么原因导致了所谓的“奇怪的技术细节”？录音中男士表示，女士所不理解的“奇怪的技术细节”事实上是因为她在事故发生前的一个月没有缴纳房屋保险费用，D选项“女士未能及时缴纳房屋保险费用”与录音原文意思一致，因此正确。A选项“女士对保险公司寄来的信件内容有所误解”；B选项“女士对保险公司的保单内容一无所知”和C选项“女士对整个事故的描述不准确”均不正确，因此排除。

4.Whatdoesthewomansayshewoulddoattheendoftheconversation?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问女士在对话结束时说她会采取什么行动？录音最后女士提及她非常生气，并表示保险公司将会面临一场官司（yourcompanyhasalawsuitonitshands）。由此可知，女士要起诉保险公司，因此A选项“对保险公司提起诉讼”正确。B选项“和保险公司的经理谈谈”是已经发生的事情，因此排除；C选项“向她的律师咨询关于保单的问题”和D选项“修改合同条款”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。

15.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

问题1选项

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

问题2选项

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

问题3选项

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

问题4选项

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

问题5选项

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(细长的火药引线)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2题:2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率，B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3题:3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，从1650年到现在，人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确；B选项“目前，每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”，文中说到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加，并不是婴儿出生多少；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000万，而不是每年会增加8000万；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速度快”属于反向干扰，现在的人口增长速度显然更快。

第4题:4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发，讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化，并列出了详细数据，因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。

第5题:5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“populationproblem（人口问题）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即对应growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A选项正确。

16.单选题

Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.Inacomputerwithaspeedofonegigahertz（千兆赫），forexample,thecrystal"licks”abilliontimesasecond.Everyactionofthecomputertakesplaceintinysteps,eachabillionthofasecondlong.Asimpletransferofdatamaytakeonlyonestep;complexcalculationsmaytakemanysteps.Alloperations,however,mustbeginandendaccordingtotheclock’stimingsignals.

Becausemostmodemcomputersuseasinglerhythm,wecallthemsynchronous.Insidethecomputer’smicroprocessorchip,aclockdistributionsystemdeliversthetimingsignalsfromthecrystaloscillatortothevariouscircuits,justassoundinairdeliversthebeatofadrumtosoldierstosettheirmarchingpace.Becauseallpartsofthechipsharethesamerhythm,theoutputofanycircuitfromonestepcanserveastheinputtoanyothercircuitforthenextstep.Thesynchronizationprovidedbytheclockhelpschipdesignersplansequencesofactionsforthecomputer.

Theuseofacentralclockalsocreatesproblems.Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.Present-daytransistorscanprocessdatasoquicklythattheycanaccomplishseveralstepsinthetimethatittakesawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefultotheother.Keepingtherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechiprequirescarefuldesignandagreatdealofelectricalpower.Wouldn’titbenicetohaveanalternative?

OurresearchgroupatSunMicrosystemsLaboratoriesseekssuchalternatives.Alongwithseveralothergroupsworldwide,weareinvestigatingwaystodesigncomputingsystemsinwhicheachpartcanproceedatitsownpaceinsteadofdependingontherhythmofacentralclock.Wecallsuchsystemsasynchronous.Eachpartofanasynchronoussystemmayextendorshortenthetimingofitsstepswhenwalkingacrossroughterrain.

1.Whatdeterminestherhythmofthepersonalcomputer?

2.Whydoestheauthormentionsoundinairinthesecondparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageoftheuseofacentralclock?

4.Theword“alternative”means（

）.

5.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Analarmingclock.

B.Acrystaloscillator.

C.Complexcalculations.

D.Theclock’stimingsignals.

问题2选项

A.Toillustratethetimingsignalsaredeliveredinasimilarwaysoundtravelsinair.

B.Toshowusthattimingsignals’speedcanbeasfastasthatofsound.

C.Becausethewaveoftimingsignalsissimilartothesoundwave.

D.Becausesoundisdeliveredbytimingsignals.

问题3选项

A.Distributingthetimingsignalsismoredifficultwhenspeedsarehigher.

B.Ithastotakeawiretocarryasignalfromonesideofthechiptotheother.

C.Carefuldesignisnecessarytokeeptherhythmidenticalinallpartsofalargechip.

D.Agreatdealofelectricalpowerisrequiredtoawholechipsynchronous.

问题4选项

A.method

B.substitute

C.answer

D.machine

问题5选项

A.thestructureofanasynchronoussystemisdifferentfromthatofasynchronoussystem.

B.thecentralclocksetstherhythmofpartsofanasynchronoussystem

C.eachpartofanasynchronoussystemcanchangetherhythmofthecentralclock.

D.searchingforbetterreplacementforthesynchronoussystemisaninternationalproblem.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Howfastisyourpersonalcomputer?Whenpeopleaskthisquestion,theyaretypicallyreferringtothefrequencyofaminusculeclockinsidethecomputer,acrystaloscillatorthatsetthebasicrhythmusedthroughoutthemachine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。

3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“Asspeedshaveincreased,distributingthetimingsignalshas