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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西农业大学信息学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thedoctors()themedicinestothepeoplethefloodarea.

问题1选项

A.distributed

B.packed

C.prayed

D.undertook

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项.distributed“分配,分开”。B选项packed“损失,代价”。C选项prayed“祈祷”。D选项undertook“保证,承担”。句意:医生们把药品分发给水灾地区的人们。因此A选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Herremarkablesuccessasarockstarispartlyduetoherabilityto()themedia.

问题1选项

A.mandate

B.meditate

C.manifest

D.manipulate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mandate“授权,托管”;meditate“考虑,计划,企图”;manifest“证明,表示”;manipulate“操作,巧妙处理”。句意:她作为一个摇滚明星取得的杰出成就在于她有能力巧妙处理媒体。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Thefinancialproblemofthiscompanyisfurther()bytheriseininterestrates.

问题1选项

A.increased

B.strengthened

C.reinforced

D.aggravated

【答案】D

【解析】increase增加;strengthen加强;reinforce増强,加固;aggravate恶化,加剧。句意:利率的上升使这家公司的财务问题进一步恶化。选项D符合句意。

4.翻译题

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.

BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.

【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异,北部为热带气候,内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候,南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化,但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而,一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件,如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。

因为澳大利亚在南半球,它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说,季节变化很小。一般来说,沿海和高原地区,尤其是东南部,比内陆地区凉爽,而北部,尤其是西北海岸,是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明,冬冷夏暖。

5.写作题

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

6.单选题

Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage(),ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilitytouselanguage,isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.perception

C.faculty

D.acquisition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。potentiality“潜力,可能性”;perception“知觉,感知”;faculty“学院;能力;全体教员”;acquisition“获得物,收购”。句意:很多语言学家提出人类语言的获得,即使用语言的生物学设定的程序能力,仍然难以定义和理解。选项D符合题意。

7.翻译题

I’mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn’tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawful-tastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifeisgoingtohityouintheheadwithabrick.Don’tlosefaith.I’mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven’tfoundityet,keeplooking—anddon’tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you’llknowwhenyoufindit.Andlikeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplooking—don’tsettle.

【答案】我非常确定,如果苹果公司没有开除我的话,这一切不会发生。这贴药很苦,但我认为病人需要它。有时候,生活会用砖头敲你的脑袋。不要失去信心。我确信唯一让我不断前进的就是我喜欢我所做的事情。你需要找到你喜爱的东西,对于工作是如此,对于你的爱人也是一样。你的工作将占据你生活的很大部分,唯一能使你满意的方法便是做你认为伟大的工作,而做伟大工作的唯一方法便是去喜爱你做的事情。如果你还没有找到你喜欢的事情,继续寻找,不要停下来。只要你全心全意去找,当你找到时,你就会知道的。就像其他任何真诚的感情一样,随着岁月的流逝,这种关系只会越来越紧密。所以继续寻找,不要停下来。

8.单选题

Wehave(

)thesystemofexploitationofmanbyman.

问题1选项

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们己经废除了人剥削人的制度。

动词辨析。Cancel取消,删除;abolish废除(一种制度,形式);refuse拒绝;reject抵制,排斥.。因此B符合句意。

9.单选题

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”;therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”—wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy,”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderof

thefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs―thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”,orindeedthe“Russianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”,themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhone—broadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit―helpedmasktheriskofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amultibillion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy(

).

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmodemtechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath

).

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(

).

问题1选项

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies.

问题2选项

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

问题3选项

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

问题4选项

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

问题5选项

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“theU.S.economyhadbecome‘verydistorted’”美国经济变得“非常扭曲”,第二段中“thegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.”经济不平等的增长是一场全国性的危机,某些事情已非常糟糕,可知美国经济存在问题,因此选C。

2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”这个反过来导致更广泛且合理的担心,即我们不仅生活在一个一个富人经济学中,而且还生活在一个富豪统治中,在这其中,富人显示巨大的政治影响力、狭隘自私的动机。因此D选项“他们担心不断上升的收入不平等所带来的社会和政治影响”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第五段中“Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.”在经济衰退之前,人们很容易忽视财富集中在少数精英阶层身上,因此C选项“他们导致收入不平等的上升”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”可知美国贫富差距巨大,经融危机让美国人意识到富人具有太多的权利,因此选C。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国经济发展的呈两种分化趋势,存在的问题,以及富人和穷人之间的差距,因此A选项“介绍美国金融失衡”符合题意。

10.单选题

Howmanypeoplearesufferingfromlabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityisfrommultipleearners,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffers.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherpart-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandinkindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailingsinthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,andhence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

16.Whichofthefollowingdoes“labormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?

17.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.

18.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

19.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.

20.Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.

问题1选项

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.

问题2选项

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

问题3选项

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

问题4选项

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardship

问题5选项

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkers

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwages

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglowwageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】16.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingdoes“labormarketproblems”(Paragraph1)referto?“劳动力市场问题”(第一段)指的是下列哪一项?

A.Shortageofjobsprovidingadequateincome.A.提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺。

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingofworkforce.B.劳动力培训不足。

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods.C.商品生产者之间的贸易关系。

D.Theoverallcausesofpoverty.D.贫困的总体原因。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph1和labormarketproblems定位到原文第1段第1句,该句提到“劳动力市场问题困扰了很多人”。但是第1段第3句提到“在许多方面,我们的社会统计数字夸大了(exaggerate)困难的程度。”第2段第1句提到“然而,我们的社会统计数据也在许多方面低估了(underestimate)劳动力市场相关困难的程度”。由此可知,第1段主要介绍的是,统计数据对劳动力市场问题的夸大,第2段主要介绍的是问题,而本题要求选择的是劳动力市场的问题,因此,定位段是第2段。第2段提到了社会统计数据没有考虑的因素有“数百万工资非常低但是属于充分就业的工人(fullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolow)”、“找不到全职工作,只有兼职工作的人(part-timeworkingbecauseoftheinabilitytofindfulltimework)”、“在劳动力市场之外,但想要一份工作的人(elseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob)”等。由此可知,劳动力市场提供的工作岗位不足,其提供的有足够收入的工作岗位也不足,A选项“提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】B选项“劳动力培训不足”、C选项“商品生产者之间的贸易关系”、D选项“贫困的总体原因”原文并未提及,均属于无中生有。

17.【选项释义】

Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat____.作者对比了20世纪30年代和现在,以表明____。

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930sA.20世纪30年代失业的人更多

B.socialprogramsaremoreneedednowB.现在更需要社会进步

C.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffectsC.现在失业的影响没那么严重

D.nowthereisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpovertyD.现在,贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词contraststhe1930swiththepresent定位到原文第1段。本段第4句提到“今天的失业不会(doesnothave)像上世纪30年代那样带来可怕的后果(thesamedireconsequences)”,并介绍了当时的情况,由此可知,进行对比的目的是为了说明今天失业带来的影响没那么严重,C选项“现在失业的影响没那么严重”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“20世纪30年代失业的人更多”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“现在更需要社会进步”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“现在,贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高”,可定位到原文第1段最后一句,该句提到“现在的统计的贫困人口中(Mostofthosecounted)大多数是老年人、残疾人等”,原文并不是说现在这两类人更多了,而是说他们在统计的贫困人口中占比更多,该选项属于偷换概念。

18.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?以下哪一项建议最好地回应了作者提出的问题?

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.A.要通过多种途径建立创新方案,降低失业水平。

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.B.在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间,应该找到一种妥协。

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.C.应当制定新的统计指数,以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度。

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.D.该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的。

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】本题要求选出对作者提出的问题的建议,那么首先需要知道作者提出的问题是什么。本文的结构是“分分总”,围绕劳动力市场的问题,第1段说介绍“社会统计数字在一些方面夸大了(exaggerate)劳动力市场相关困难的程度”;第2段介绍“社会统计数据在一些方面也低估了(underestimate)困难的程度”;最后一段总述“现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据(theexisting…statistics)不足以(areinadequatefor)用于衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”。由此可知,作者在本文中提出的问题是“现有的数据不足以衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”;由第2段可知,劳动力市场的问题主要是“可提供的工作岗位不足;可提供的有足够报酬的工作岗位不足”。因此,C选项“应当制定新的统计指数,以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度”是个可行的建议。

【干扰项排除】A选项“要通过多种途径建立创新方案,降低失业水平”、B选项“在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间,应该找到一种妥协”、D选项“该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的”,都不是针对作者提出的问题提出的建议,与题干无关。

19.【选项释义】

Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat____.作者引用那些一年中反复失业的人的目的很可能是为了表明____。

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforceA.有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessnessB.失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcausehardshipsforindividualworkersC.劳动力市场上经常出现的不足对个体劳动者来说,可能会存在困难,或者可能给他们带来困难

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanytimedoesnotsufferseverehardshipD.在任何时候,大多数失业的人并没有遭受严重的苦难

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词repeatedlyunemployed定位到原文第2段第3句,该句提到“低工资(Lowwages)和反复或长期失业(repeatedorprolongedunemployment)经常相互作用,破坏了自给自足的能力。”并且在后面几句话中对反复失业进行了介绍。另外,第2段的第一句为本段的核心句,指出本段的主旨是“统计数据低估了劳动力市场问题的困难程度”。第3句提到的“低工资和反复或长期失业”是现有的失业统计数据没有考虑的因素,而它们又确实是劳动力市场存在的问题。因此,作者引用这些反复失业的例子应该是为本段的主旨服务的,B选项“失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低”,低工资和反复失业是两个不同的问题,该选项不符合题意;

C选项“劳动力市场上经常出现的不足对个体劳动者来说,可能会存在困难,或者可能给他们带来困难”,这是第2段介绍的反复或长期失业的人的困难本身,并不是作者引用的目的,该选项属于本末倒置;

D选项“在任何时候,大多数失业的人并没有遭受严重的苦难”,原文说的是失业的人有困难,该选项表述错误,且不符合题意。

20.【选项释义】

Accordingtothetext,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe____.根据这篇文章,导致失业和收入数据高估经济困难程度的一个因素是____。

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflowwageworkersA.一群低工资工人失业期的复发

B.factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesB.事实上,失业人数并不包括那些低工资的人

C.establishmentofasystemofrecordkeepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatisticsC.建立一个记录保存系统,使编纂贫困统计数据成为可能

D.prevalence,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployedD.低收入工人和失业者普遍存在于其他家庭成员都有工作的家庭中

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词over-predict定位到原文第1段,本段介绍统计数据夸大了困难程度。本段最后两句提到“在数以百万计的时薪处于或低于最低工资水平的人中,绝大多数人都来自多收入者、相对富裕的家庭”,“贫困统计中的大多数人都是老人或残疾人,或者有家庭责任,这使他们无法成为劳动力”。由此可知,统计数据统计的失业或贫困数据,包括了很大一部分家庭条件不错,只是自身失业或收入低的人,或者说包括一些由于自身原因本就不属于劳动力的人,这些人本不应该包括在失业或贫困数据内,这导致了数据高估了经济困难程度。因此,D选项“低收入工人和失业者普遍存在于其他家庭成员都有工作的家庭中”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一群低工资工人失业期的复发”,是原文第2段介绍统计数据低估困难程度的因素,不符合题意;

B选项“事实上,失业人数并不包括那些低工资的人”,也是原文第2段介绍统计数据低估困难程度的因素,不符合题意;

C选项“建立一个记录保存系统,使编纂贫困统计数据成为可能”,原文并未提及相关信息,该选项属于无中生有。

11.单选题

AlexanderWolcott'sflamboyantpersonalitycombinedsharpnessofwitwithsentimentality.

问题1选项

A.devious

B.humorous

C.singer

D.showy

【答案】D

【解析】句意:AlexanderWolcott浮夸的个性结合了敏锐的机智和多愁善感。flamboyant意为“艳丽的,炫耀的,浮夸的”。devious偏僻的,弯曲的;humorous幽默的;singer歌手;showy艳丽的,炫耀的,显眼的。选项D与之意思相近。

12.单选题

Thevirusisusuallyblood-borneandmay______almostanyorganinthebody.

问题1选项

A.patronize

B.infect

C.engrave

D.enroll

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项patronize“屈尊对待;赞助”;B选项infect“感染”;C选项engrave“在……上雕刻(字或图案)”;D选项enroll“注册”。句意:这种病毒通常是血液传播的,可以______几乎身体的任何器官。横线处和organ“器官”形成动宾关系,病毒感染身体,B选项infect“感染”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn(

)onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

问题1选项

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.shoulder

【答案】A

【解析】句意:她对我一直挺好一_既然她需要我的帮助,那么我就不能拒绝帮助她。

固定搭配。turnone’sbackonsb.拒绝帮助某人。

14.翻译题

中国将深化改革,促进应用型科研机构转制为企业,鼓励技术型企业的发展。这是一项使科技与经济相结合的重要举措。科研机构转制为企业后,将建立现代企业制度,适应市场需要,从而充分发展其研究、开发和创新的优势。

【答案】Chinawilldeepenitsreformtopromotethetransformationofappliedscientificresearchinstitutionsystemintoenterprisesandencouragethedevelopmentoftechnology-basedenterprises.Itisanimportantmeasuretointegratescienceandtechnologywitheconomy.Oncetransformedintoenterprises,scientificresearchinstitutionsshallestablishamodernenterprisesystem,andorientthemselvestotheneedsofthemarket,givingfullplaytotheirstrengthinresearch,developmentandinnovation.

15.单选题

WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,climatechangealoneby2050resultsinsignificantincreasesinyieldunderbothscenariosonlyinthreenorthernEuropeancountries.ButaddingestimatedeffectsofhigherCO2concentrationsonplantgrowthincreasesthatyieldsconsiderably,withyieldincreasesnowbeingsignificantinallofthetencountriesincludedinthestudy.WhethersuchincreasesduetohigherCO2concentrationwouldactuallyberealizedisuncertain,becauseofproblemsinextrapolatingfromidealizedlaboratoryandmodelingresultstofieldconditions.

Theclearmessageofthisworkisthatgreatereffortsareneededtotakeaccountofthe“noise”ofnaturalclimatevariabilitywhenconsideringthe“signal”ofclimatechange.Inparticular,caremustbetakenininterpretingtheresultsofimpactassessments,especiallythosewhichuseclimatesimulationsovershortperiodsonly.

Muchmoreremainstobedone.Forexample,theuseofsimulatedmonthlyclimatedatabyHulmeetal,evenwheninterpolatedtodailydatabystatisticalmethods,leavesopenthepossibilityofsystematicchangesinday-to-dayvariabilityandextremesduetoclimatechange.Thesecouldwelldominatetheeffectsofclimatechangeonbothriverflowandwheatyield.Takingthemintoaccountwillrequiretheanalysisofdailyoutputfromtheclimatemodels,especiallyatfinespatialresolution.

Moreimportantly,inunderstandingthemessagefromHulmeetal,weneedtodistinguishbetweenconfidencelevelsusedforthedetectabilityofsimulatedorrealimpactsduetoclimatechange,andthoseneededtodecideiftheinformationaboutpossiblefutureimpactsisusefulfordecision-makers.Detectability,usedasevidenceofclimatechange,arguablyrequiresahighlevelofconfidence,say,atthe95%or99%level.Ontheotherhand,ifwetakeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurring,andweareseekingusefuladviceastowhattheconsequencesmightbe,alowerlevelofconfidencemaysuffice.

Studiesofthelengthofadatasetisnecessarytodetectarealchangeinthemeanagainstabackgroundofvariability,forexamplefordetectionoftrendsintotalozoneorriverflow,indicatethatevenifthechangeisreal,itmayneedtohavehappenedfordecadesbeforeitcanbeshownstatisticallytohaveoccurred.Incasessuchasestimationoffloodfrequencyandoftheoccurrenceofmoisturestressincrops,whatisneededtoidentifyfuture“dangerous”levelsofclimatechange,ortoplanadaptationmeasures,isanestimateofchangesintheprobabilityofsucheffectsbeforetheyhappen.

1.Accordingtothestudy,highwheatyieldsinEuropemostsignificantlyneed().

2.Ahighlevelofconfidenceisneededwhenwe().

3.Toidentifythepossiblefutureimpactsofclimatechange,scientists().

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.highertemperaturet

B.heavyrainfallt

C.higherCO2concentrationst

D.naturalclimatechanget

问题2选项

A.takeitasagiventhatclimatechangeisoccurringt

B.use“detectability”asanevidenceofclimatechanget

C.decideiftheinformationisusefulfordecision-makerst

D.estimatethescopeofwheatyieldsincreasest

问题3选项

A.onlyneedanidealizedlaboratoryt

B.mayspendyearstoobtainandanalyzevalidstatisticalevidencet

C.planadaptationmeasuresafterthechangeoccurst

D.setnewclimatemodelst

问题4选项

A.WaysofimprovingWheatYieldsinEuropet

B.ClimateChangeandWheatYieldst

C.StatisticalEvidenceofClimateChanget

D.SimulatedExperimentsonRiverFlowt

问题5选项

A.Itisimportanttodetecttrendsintotalozoneorriverflow.t

B.Ittakesdecadestodetectclimatechangestatistically.t

C.Whatismoreimportantistoplanadaptationmeasuresagainstbadeffectsofclimatechange.t

D.Wheatyieldiscloselyrelatedtoclimate.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据这项研究,在欧洲高小麦产量最需要的是……”。文章第一段前三句提到WheatyieldinEuropeishighlysensitivetonaturalvariabilityintemperatureandrainfall.Inthesesimulations,cl

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