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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽信息工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,coal,petroleum,andgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasingrate.Thesupplyofthese(1)islimited,andelectricpowerisvery(2)inmanyplaces.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyistheonly(3)whichcanmeettheworld’senormous(4)forpower.

Greatprogresshadbeenmadeinharnessingthesun.Notonlyisthesunnowusedincooking,(5)italsosuppliespowerfor(6)thingsasbeaconlightsforshipsandairplanes.It(7)telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks,hearingaids,andevencommunication.SomehomesandofficebuildingsintheUnitedStatesarenowbeing(8)withsolarenergy.

Thethreemostsignificanttypesofsolarequipment(9)arethefurnace,thestill,andthecell.Solarfurnacesheatwaterorair,(10)isthencirculatedthroughabuildingtomakeitcomfortable.

Solarstillsare(11)importantbecausetheycanprovide(12)wateratarelativelycheaprate.Saltcaneasilybe(13)fromseawaterwithasolarstill.

Themosthighlydevelopedtypeofsolar(14)equipmentisthesolarcell.Somecellsareso(15)thattheycanturn16percentoftheenergytheyreceivefromthesun(16)electricenergy.Oneofthecell’sbiggestadvantagesis(17)itcanbemadeeithersmallenoughtocarry(18)largeenoughtoproduceacurrentthatcanrunanautomobile.Besides,ithasaverylonglife.Itisstilltooexpensiveforthe(19)consumerbutwhenwaysare(20)toproduceitmorecheaply,wecanexpectitsusetobewide-spread.

问题1选项

A.materials

B.ores

C.reserves

D.fuels

问题2选项

A.abundant

B.adequate

C.scarce

D.rare

问题3选项

A.means

B.source

C.solution

D.resource

问题4选项

A.need

B.desire

C.necessity

D.supply

问题5选项

A.moreover

B.besides

C.however

D.but

问题6选项

A.some

B.many

C.such

D.these

问题7选项

A.connects

B.operates

C.drives

D.manufactures

问题8选项

A.heated

B.burnt

C.equipped

D.built

问题9选项

A.eversince

B.nowonder

C.inall

D.sofar

问题10选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

问题11选项

A.specially

B.especially

C.essentially

D.specifically

问题12选项

A.fresh

B.healthy

C.boiled

D.cool

问题13选项

A.dissolved

B.distinguished

C.divided

D.removed

问题14选项

A.electric

B.electronic

C.power

D.heating

问题15选项

A.powerful

B.resourceful

C.efficient

D.reliable

问题16选项

A.through

B.into

C.by

D.with

问题17选项

A.how

B.that

C.because

D.which

问题18选项

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.too

问题19选项

A.tipical

B.normal

C.average

D.general

问题20选项

A.discovered

B.invented

C.disclosed

D.revealed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:B

第18题:C

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】(1)考查名词词义辨析。从上下文可知,these指的是前面提到的coal,petroleum,gas这几种燃料,所以空格处应该也填写表示燃料的词。选项D符合题意。

(2)考查形容词词义辨析。abundant“丰富的”;adequate“充足的”;scarce“缺乏的,不足的”;rare“稀有的”。前文提到这些燃料有限,and后面的“electricpower”应该与前文燃料一样有限,所以选项C符合题意。

(3)考查名词词义辨析。语意:一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一_____能够满足世界对能源的强烈_______。太阳能属于一种能源,所以source符合题意。means“手段,方法”;solution“解决方法”;resource“资源”,比如人力资源。选项B符合题意。

(4)考查固定搭配。Meettheneedfor满足······的需求。语意:一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一一种能源能够满足世界对能源的强烈需求。选项A符合题意。

(5)考查固定搭配。Notonly…butalso为固定搭配,also可以省略,意识是“既······又······”。所以选项D符合题意。

(6)考查固定搭配。such…as…意思是“像······这样”。选项C符合题意。

(7)考查动词词义辨析。与telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks搭配的动词只有operate,选项B符合题意。connect“连接”;drive“推动”;manufacture“制造”。

(8)考查动词词义辨析。heat“加热”;burn“燃烧”;equip“装备,配备”;build“建造”。根据上下文可知这里阐述的是太阳能的另一个用途:取暖。选项A符合题意。

(9)考查词组辨析。eversince“自从······以来”;nowonder“怪不得”;inall“总共,共计”;sofar“到目前为止”。将各个词组的意思代入到句子中,选项D符合题意。

(10)考查语法知识。逗号前面是一个完整的句子,所以空格所处的句子是非限制性定语从句。只有which能够引导非限制性定语从句,所以选项C符合题意。

(11)考查副词词义辨析。specially“专门地”;especially“尤其,特别”;essentially“本质上”;specifically“明确地”。空格中的副词是用来修饰important这个单词,来表示程度,“尤其重要”,选项B符合题意。

(12)考查形容词词义辨析。fresh“新鲜的;淡水的”;healthy“健康的”;boiled“煮沸的”;cool“凉爽的,冷静的”。根据后面一句Saltcaneasilybe_fromseawater,主语是salt,可知空格处是通过蒸馏来获取freshwater“淡水”,选项A符合题意。

(13)考查动词词义辨析。空格所在句的主语是salt,语意:盐通过太阳能蒸馏器能够很容易从海水中分离出来。选项D符合题意。dissolve“溶解”,一般指固体溶解在液体中;distinguish“区分”;divide“分割”;remove“移除”。

(14)考查名词词义辨析。electric“电”;electronic“电子”;power“电力;动力”;heating“暖气”。结合下文可知,太阳能蓄电池(solarcell)可以产生电能(electricenergy),所以solarcell是一种动力设备,选项C符合题意。

(15)考查形容词词义辨析。powerful“强有力的”;resourceful“资源丰富的”;efficient“效率高的”;reliable“可靠的”。后面提到16%的电能转化率,所以空格处是说明效率高,选项C符合题意。

(16)考查动词词组固定搭配。turn······into…“将······转化为······”。选项B符合题意。

(17)考查语法知识。空格处的连接词引导一个表语从句,从句句子完整,所以填入关系代词that。选项B符合题意。

(18)考查固定搭配。either······or······“要么······要么······”。选项C符合题意。

(19)考查形容词词义辨析。typical“典型的”;normal“正常的”;average“平均的”;general“一般的,普通的”。句意:对于_____消费者来说太阳能电池还有太贵了。averagepeople“普通人”符合题意。选项C符合题意。

(20)考查动词搭配。空格处动词要能够与way搭配。discover“发现”;invent“发明”;disclose“公开”;reveal“揭露”。ways在这里是“方法”的意思,所以选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto(

)herinvitationtotheparty.

问题1选项

A.refute

B.reject

C.return

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义词辨析。refute“驳倒,反驳,用证据证明是假的”;reject“拒绝,谢绝,指断然拒绝接受某人或某物或要求”;return“返回”;decline“婉拒”。句意:他担心他将不得不拒绝她的参加聚会的邀请。婉拒符合题意。故D项正确。

3.不定项选择题

Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconvention,oratleastonthebeginningsofthese.Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.Inliterature,inmusic,inthevisualarts,inthesciences,insocialthinking,inphilosophy,thiskindofdevelopmenthasoccurredagainandagain.Itoftentakesalongtimetogetthrough,andformanypeopleitwillremaindifficult.Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.Whileamanisengagedinthisstruggletosaynewthingsinnewways,heisusuallymorethaneverconcentratedontheactualwork,andnotonitspossibleaudience.Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.

Inthissenseitistruethatitisthedutyofsocietytocreateconditionsinwhichsuchmencanlive.Forwhateverthevalueofanyindividualcontribution,thegeneralbodyofworkisofimmensevaluetoeveryone.Butofcoursethingsarenotsoformal,inreality.Thereisnotsocietyontheonehandandtheseindividualsontheother.Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.Hisabilitytomakehisworkpublicdependsontheactualcommunicationsystem:thelanguageitself,orcertainvisualormusicalorscientificconventions,andtheinstitutionsthroughwhichthecommunicationwillbepassed.Theeffectoftheseonhisactualworkcanbealmostinfinitelyvariable.Foritisnotonlyacommunicationsystemoutsidehim;itisalso,howeveroriginalhemaybe,acommunicationsystemwhichisinfactpartofhimself.Manycontributorsmakeactiveuseofthiskindofinternalcommunicationsystem.Itistothemselves,inaway,thattheyfirstshowtheirconceptions,playtheirmusic,andpresenttheirarguments.Ifonemindhasgraspedit,thenitmaybeopentootherminds.

Thehistorianisalsocontinuallystruckbythefactthatmenofthiskindfeltisolatedattheverytimewheninrealitytheywerebeginningtogetthrough.Thiscanalsobenoticedinourowntime,whensomeofthemostdeeplyinfluentialmenfeelisolatedandevenrejected.Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.

1.Creativeartistsandthinkersachievecommunicationby().

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat().

3.Acommoncharacteristicofartistsandscientistsinvolvedincreativeworkisthat().

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

5.Itisimpliedattheendofthepassagethathighlyoriginalindividualsfeelisolatedbecausethey().

问题1选项

A.dependingonsharedconventions

B.fashioningtheirownconventions

C.adjustingtheirpersonalfeelings

D.elaboratingacommonlanguage

问题2选项

A.philosophicalthinkingcontributestotheformulationofconventions

B.humancreativityissometimesunderestimated

C.developmentinliteraturefollowssimilarwaystothatofsciences

D.theroleofconventionsincommunicationisnotwellrecognized

问题3选项

A.theycareaboutthepossiblereactiontotheirwork

B.publicresponseisoneoftheprimaryconceits

C.theyarekeenlyawareofpublicinterestintheirwork

D.theyareindifferenttowardresponsetotheirwork

问题4选项

A.Individualcontributionscombinedpossessgreatsignificancetothepublic.

B.Goodcontributorsdon’tneglecttheuseofinternalcommunicationsystem.

C.Everyoneexceptthoseoriginalpeoplecomesundertheinfluenceofsociety.

D.Knowinghowtocommunicateisuniversalamonghumanbeings.

问题5选项

A.failtoacknowledgeanduseanacceptableformofcommunication

B.actuallydifferfromotherindividualsinthesameperiod

C.havelittleincommonwiththesocietyofthetime

D.refusetoadmitparallelsbetweenthemselvesandthesociety

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.但通常,特别是对原创艺术家和思想家来说,问题在某种程度上是创造一种语言,或创造一种惯例,或至少是发展语言和惯例,使它们能够承载它们的精确意义。”可知B项“形成他们自己的习俗”与原文相符。A项“根据共享的约定”,原文并没有相关表达;C项“调整他们的个人情感”,原文并没有相关表达;D项“阐述共同的语言”,原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第六句“Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.但是我们永远不要认为它是不可能的;创造力比我们有时想象的要强大得多。”可知B项“人类的创造力有时被低估了”与原文相符。A项“哲学思维有助于惯例的形成”,原文并没有相关表达;C项“文学的发展遵循与科学的发展相似的方式”,原文并没有相关表达;D项“习俗在沟通中的作用没有得到很好的认可”,原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.许多艺术家和科学家都有这种根本的不关心他们的作品会以何种方式被接受的想法。”可知D项“他们对别人对他们工作的反应漠不关心”与原文相符。A项“他们关心对他们工作的可能反应”,原文并没有相关表达;B项“公众的反应是主要的自负之一”,原文并没有相关表达;C项“他们强烈地意识到公众对他们工作的兴趣”,原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第五句“Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.在日常生活中,在他的工作中,捐助者参与了他的社会生活。社会生活常常以微小的方式影响着他,有时影响是如此深远,以至他自己都没有意识到。”可知C项“除有独创性的人之外,所有人都受社会的影响”与原文相符。A项“结合在一起的个人贡献对公众有重要意义”,原文并没有相关表达;B项“好的贡献者不会忽视内部沟通系统的使用”,原文并没有相关表达;D选项“知道如何沟通是人类的共性”,原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.社会和交流是存在的,但很难识别它们,很难确定。”与第一段中“Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.许多艺术家和科学家都有这种根本的不关心他们的作品会以何种方式被接受的想法。”可知A项“未能承认和使用一种可接受的交流方式”与原文相符。B项“实际上不同于同一时期的其他个体”,原文并没有相关表达;C项“与当时的社会几乎没有共同点”,原文并没有相关表达;D项“拒绝承认自己与社会的相似之处”,原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。

4.翻译题

给予最重要的意义并不在于物质方面,而尤其在于人性方面。一个人会给予另一个人什么呢?他把自己拥有的最珍贵的东西给予别人,把自己的生命给予别人。这不一定意味着他要为别人而牺牲自己的生命,而是指他把自己身上的存在的东西给予别人,把自己的快乐、理解、知识、幽默、哀愁,把他身上存在的所有东西表露和显现给别人。在他把自己的生命给予别人的同时,他丰富了别人的生命。通过提高自己的生存感,他会提高别人的生存感。他不是为了获取才给予;给予本身就是一种强烈的快乐。当然,在给予中,他不知不觉地使别人身上某些东西得到新生,这种新生的东西反过来又给他带来了新的希望;在真诚的给予中,他无意识地得到了别人给他的回馈。给予暗示了让对方也成为给予者;双方共同分享他们已使某些东西得到了新生的快乐。在给予的行为中,某种东西得以新生,而对于这新生事物,涉及的双方都充满感激之情。仅就爱而言,这意味着爱是一种能产生爱的力量;没有(这种)力量就不会产生爱。

【答案】【参考译文】

Themostimportantmeaningofgivingdoesnotlieinthematerialaspect,butespeciallyinthehumanaspect.Whatdoesapersongivetoanotherperson?Hegivestoothersthemostpreciousthinghepossesses,giveshislifetoothers.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthathesacrificeshislifeforothers,butthathegivestootherswhatexistsinhim,hisjoy,hisunderstanding,hisknowledge,hishumor,hissorrow,allthatisinhimtoshowandmanifest.Ashegiveshislifetoothers,heenrichesthelifeofothers.Byenhancinghisownsenseofbeing,hewouldenhancethesenseofbeingofothers.Hedoesnotgiveinordertoacquire;givingitselfisastrongpleasure.Ofcourse,ingiving,heunwittinglybringssomethingtolifeintheother,andthisnewlifeinturngiveshimnewhope;ingivingsincerely,heunconsciouslyreceiveswhatothersgivebacktohim.Givingimpliesthattheotherpersonbecomesagivertoo;bothpartiessharethejoythattheyhavebroughtsomethingtolife.Intheactofgiving,somethingisborn,andbothpartiesinvolvedaregratefulforthatbirth.Inthecaseoflovealone,thismeansthatloveisaforcethatproduceslove;withoutit,therewillbenolove.

5.不定项选择题

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelpstoo.Researcherssaybecauseitinstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourstutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisuo-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,andplayingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

1.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses().

2.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(paragraph1)refersto().

3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

4.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat()mighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat().

问题1选项

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

问题2选项

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalsimulating

D.intellectualfunction

问题3选项

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardofliving

D.Alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

问题5选项

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“thereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines有证据表明,保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄有关的衰退”,可知A项与原文相符。A项“智力的刺激在防止智力老化方面的作用”;B项“随着年龄的增长心智能力逐渐丧失”,与原文不符;C项“智力功能和空间技能之间的关系”,与原文不符;D项“保持智力活力的有效方式”,与原文不符,因此A选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe‘useitorloseit’philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.研究人员对‘要么使用它,要么失去它’的理论是否适用于认知老化持不同意见,但有证据表明,保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄有关的衰退。”可推知it在这里指代“智力的能力”。A项“脑力”;B项“认知的发展”;C项“脑力的模拟”;D项“智力功能”,因此A选项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction幸运地没有患慢性疾病的人在智力功能方面可能进展得更好”可知B项“慢性疾病”与原文相符;由第一段中“thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter那些足够幸运的相对富裕的人也过得更好”可知C项“生活水平”与原文相符;由第二段中“Educationhelpstoo教育也有帮助”可知A项“教育”与原文相符,A、B、C选项均正确。A项“教育”;B项“慢性疾病”;C项“生活水平”;D项“以上所有各项”,因此D选项正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第五段中“Otherwaystostaysharp…playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.还有其他保持思维敏捷的方法……比如靠记忆打桥牌,或者在家与电视游戏节目中的玩家斗智。”可知B项“社会联系”与原文相符。A项“身体锻炼”;B项“社会联系”;C项“固定的日常生活”;D项“健康的饮食”,因此B选项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.虽然随着年龄的增长,你可能会失去一些心智能力,但你也会在一个关键领域获得收获:智慧。在40、50,甚至60岁,心智力都在不断增长。”,可知A项“智慧可以被认为是完全由生活经验发展而来的能力和知识的一种特殊形式”、B项“即使大脑开始老化,智慧仍然会增长”及D项“智慧是脑力的重要组成部分”均与原文相符;而C项“智慧的重要性高于归纳推理和空间技能等心理技能”原文并未提及,因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Weweregreatlysurprisedbytheway___thingsweredonehere.

问题1选项

A.what

B.inwhich

C.as

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。本句主语是we,谓语为词组weresurprisedby,宾语theway;thingsweredonehere属于完整的句子,根据句意可知修饰theway;结合四个选项可知空格处要填入从句关系词。判断出此处考查theway+从句的固定用法:theway后引导定语从句的关系词有三种:1.that;2.inwhich;3.省略。句意:我们对这里的做法感到非常惊讶。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainsttheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalismandinfavorof“aradicalredistributionofwealth”ispresentedinawidelycitedessayentitled“InDefenseofEquality.”

ThemoststrikingfeatureofWalzer’scritiqueisthat,farfromrejectingtheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomerit,Walzerinsistsonitsvalidity.Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence.Butpeopleexhibitagreatvarietyofqualities-“intelligence,physicalstrength,agilityandgrace,artisticcreativity,mechanicalskill,leadership,endurance,memory,psychologicalinsight,thecapacityforhardworkevenmoralstrength,sensitivity,theabilitytoexpresscompassion.”Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales.Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood’’,suchastherespectandesteemofothers.

ThecenterpieceofWalzer’sargumentistheinvocationofaquotationfromPascal'sPensees,whichconcludes:“tyrannyisthewishtoobtainbyonemeanswhatcanonlybehadbyanother”.Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength.Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit).AndWalzeradvocatesthemeansofeliminatingthistyrannyandofrestoringgenuineequality,theabolitionofthepowerofmoneyoutsideitssphere”.WhatWalzerenvisionsisasocietyinwhichwealthisnolongerconvertibleintosocialgoodswithwhichithasnointrinsicconnection.Walzer'sargumentisapuzzlingone.Afterall,whyshouldthosequalitiesunrelatedtotheproductionofmaterialgoodsberewardedwithmaterialgoods?Isitnottyrannical,inPascal’ssense,toinsistthatthosewhoexcelin“sensitivity”or“theabilitytoexpresscompassion”meritequalwealthwiththosewhoexcelinqualities(suchas“thecapacityforhardwork”)essentialinproducingwealth?YetWalzer'sargument,howeverdeficient,doespointtooneofthemostseriousweaknessesofcapitalism-namely,thatitbringstopredominantpositionsinasocietypeoplewho,nomatterhowlegitimatelytheyhaveearnedtheirmaterialrewards,oftenlackthoseotherqualitiesthatevokeaffectionoradmiration.Someevenargueplausiblythatthisweaknessmaybeirremediable:inanysocietythat,likeacapacitysociety,seekstobecomeeverwealthierinmaterialterms,disproportionaterewardsareboundtoflowtothepeoplewhoareinstrumentalinproducingtheincreaseinitswealth.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

2.TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingasissuesaddressedbyWalzerEXCEPT().

3.Theauthor'sinterpretationoftheprinciplethat“weowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities(Para.3)suggestthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybethedutypairedwiththequalityofveracity?

4.TheauthorimpliesthatWalzer'sinterpretationoftheprincipleofrewardaccordingtomeritisdistinctiveforits().

5.Thepassageprovidessufficientinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

问题1选项

A.arguethatWalzer'scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthecornerstoneofWalzer'sthinking

B.identityandtodeprecatetheoriginsoftheintellectualtraditionchampionedby

C.presentmoreclearlythandoestheessayInDefenseofEqualitythedistinctivefeaturesofWalzer'spolitico-economictheories

D.outlineandtoexaminecriticallyWalzer'spositiononeconomicequality

问题2选项

A.properlevelofasociety'swealth

B.properinterpretationof"economicequality"

C.properrecompenseforindividualexcellence

D.groundsforcallingcapitalism"thetyrannyofmoney"

问题3选项

A.Dignity

B.Affection

C.Trust

D.Obedience

问题4选项

A.insistenceonmaximizingeveryone'srewards

B.broadconceptionofwhatconstitutesmerit

C.provenvalidity

D.emphasisonequality

问题5选项

A.WhichqualitydoesWalzerdeemtoohighlyvaluedunderliberalcapitalism?

B.Whatweightinrelationtootherqualitiesshouldaqualitylikesensitivityhave,accordingtoWalzer,indeterminingtheproperdistributionofgoods?

C.Whicharethesocialgoodsthatare,accordingtoWalzer,outsidethereachofthepowerofmoney?

D.WhatpracticalstepsdoesWalzersuggestbetakentorelievetheeconomicinequalitygeneratedbycapitalism?

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章的主要目的是什么?”文章第一段提出沃尔则对自由资本主义的批判的主要主题之一就是它的不平等(OneoftheprincipalthemesofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian);第二段和第三段概述和分析了他的经济平等的观点,因此选项D。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“除了以下哪一项,其他都是沃尔则提出的?”文章第二段提到“那些出类拔萃的人应该得到与其能力相称的待遇”(Peoplewhoexcelshouldreceivethesuperiorbenefitsappropriatetotheirexcellence),因此可知选项C在文章中被提及,排除;文章第二段提到“每种品质都应该得到适当的报酬,因此,需要一个合适的物质分配来反映出人类不同品质的差别”(Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales),由此可知选项B在文章中被提及,排除;文章第三段提到“据此,沃尔则将资本主义描述为金钱(或赚钱能力)的暴政”(Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)),由此可知选项D在文章中被提及,排除。综上,选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者对‘我们对不同的品质负有不同的责任’这一原则的解释表明,下列哪一项最有可能与诚实品质相对应的责任?”文章第三段第二句话提到“帕斯卡认为,我们对不同的品质负有不同的责任,所以我们可以说,迷恋是对魅力的正确反应,敬畏是对力量的正确反应”(Pascalbelievesthatweowedifferentdutiestodifferentqualities,sowemightsaythatinfatuationistheproperresponsetocharm,andawetheproperresponsetostrength),由此可知对“诚实品质”正确的反应是“信赖”,因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为沃尔则对于按劳分配原则的解释是独特的,是因为……”文章第二段提到了人们表现出的各种品质,比如智力、体力、敏捷、优雅、艺术创造力、领导能力、耐力、记忆力、洞察力等等,每种品质都值得回报,因此需要一个适合的物质分配来反映出不同品质的差别(Eachdeservesitsproperrecompense,andhenceaproperdistributionofmaterialgoodsshouldreflecthumandifferencesasmeasuredonallthesedifferentscales),因此选项B“构成品质的广义的概念”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章为解答下列哪个问题提供了充足的信息?”文章第二段提到“然而在资本主义制度下,赚钱能力使其拥有者获得机会所有其他类型的社会福利,比如他人的尊重和自尊”(Yet,undercapitalism,theabilitytomakemoney(“thegreenthumbofbourgeoissociety”)enablesitspossessortoacquirealmost“everyothersortofsocialgood”,suchastherespectandesteemofothers);文章第三段提到“据此,沃尔则将资本主义描述为金钱(或赚钱能力)的暴政”(Inthislight,Walzercharacterizescapitalismasthetyrannyofmoney(oroftheabilitytomakeit)),由此可知选项A“沃尔则认为自由资本主义下高估了的那些品质”符合题意。

8.单选题

Politicallythesenationstendtobe(

),withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.

问题1选项

A.unstable

B.reluctant

C.rational

D.unsteady

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这些国家出生率很高而教育和文化水平低下,所以政治上不稳定。

形容词辨析。Unstable不稳定的,不牢固的;reluctant不情愿的,勉强的;rational合理的,理性的;unsteady不安定的,反复无常的。因此A符合句意。

9.单选题

“Letmesendyouourbrochure”isprobablythemostcommonlyusedphraseinbusiness.Butalltoooften,itcanspelltheendofacustomerenquirybecausemanybrochuresappeartobeproducednottoclarifyandtoexcitebuttoconfuse.Sowhatgoeswrongandhowcanitbeputright?Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestionslike,“Whowillthebrochurebesentto?”“Whatdowewanttoachievewithit?”Thetruthisthatabrochurehasusuallybeenproducedfornootherreasonthanthatthecompetitionhasone.

However,withalittleresearch,itoftentranspiresthatwhattheclientwantsisamixture:partmailshot,partglossycorporatebrochureandpartproductcatalogue—acombinationrarelyfound.Havingsaidthat,thebudgetislikelytobefinite.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.Theotherrequirementswillhavetobemetinadifferentway.Afterall,introducingthecompany’sproductrangetonewcustomersbymailisadifferenttaskfromsellinganewseason’scollectiontoexistingcustomers.

Thesecondtaskistogetthecontentright.In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext,oratleasttidyitup—andthisshows.Abiggerfailingistoproduceabrochurethatisnotcustomerfocused.Yourbrochureshouldcoverareas

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