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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Shetookhim()andledhimacrosstheroad.

问题1选项

A.byhishand

B.bythehand

C.withhand

D.withthehand

【答案】B

【解析】takesb.bythehand为习惯搭配,意为牵着某人的手。

2.单选题

Shewasso(

)fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

问题1选项

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项grave“重大的”;B选项greedy“贪婪的,渴望的”;C选项anxious“焦虑的”;D选项worried“担心的”。句意:她是对知识是如此的渴望,以至于她在上大学之前就自学了所有的课程。选项B符合句意。

3.填空题

Thestoresaresocrowdedtodayandthefilmatthetheatreisterrible.(1)juststayhomeand(2)televisioninstead.Ofcourse,ifyou’dreally(3)goout,wecandothat.I’llleaveituptoyou.

句意:今天商店特别拥挤,剧院里面的电影也难看,我们还是待在家里看电视吧。当然,如果你真的想出去,我们可以出去。出去与否由你做决定。

【答案】1.Let’s

2.watch

3.rather

【解析】1.语义题。letus缩写为let’s后跟动词原形,表示提议。

2.固定搭配。看电视用watchtelevision。

3.语义题。句意:如果你真想出去,我们可以出去。

4.单选题

Ateamofresearchers()theproblemofdiseasesconnectedwithcontaminatedmilk.

问题1选项

A.address

B.interact

C.wonder

D.react

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。address“处理”;interact“相互作用”;wonder“想知道”;react“反应”。句意:一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Intheworldofshowbusiness,forexample,fameisapttobebreathtakingly(

),ayearinthelimelightfollowedbytotalobscurity.

问题1选项

A.ephemeral

B.peripheral

C.perpetual

D.evanescent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ephemeral“短暂的;朝生暮死的”;B选项peripheral“外围的;次要的”;C选项perpetual“永久的;四季开花的”;D选项evanescent“容易消散的;逐渐凋零的”。句意:例如,在演艺界,名声往往是惊人地……,引人注目的一年之后,就完全默默无闻了。本句表示名声时间段,应该搭配“短暂的”更合适,因此A选项正确。

6.翻译题

1.HalfwaythroughthesemesterinhismarketresearchcourseatRoanokeCollegelastfall,onlymomentsafterannouncingapolicyofzerotoleranceforcellphoneuseintheclassroom,Prof.AliNazemiheardaring.ThenhespottedayoungmannamedNeilNolandfumblingwithhisphone,tryingtoturnitoffbeforebeingcaught.

“Neil,canIseethatphone?”ProfessorNazemisaid,moreinacommandthanaquestion.Thestudentsurrenderedit.ProfessorNazemiopenedhisbriefcase,producedahammerandproceededtosmashtheoffendingdevice.Throughouttheclassroom,studentfaceswentashen.

“HowamIgoingtocallmyMomnow?”Neilasked.AsProfessorNazemirefusedtoanswer,aclassmateoffered,“Dude,youcansue.”

2.Onethingweshouldbeclearaboutwastheepisodeinhisclassroomhadbeenplottedandscriptedaheadoftime,withNeilNolandpartoftheplotallalong.Thephonewasanextraofhismother’s,itsservicecontractlongexpired.

ProfessorNazemi,inatelephoneinterviewlastweek,attestedtotheexasperationofcountlessteachersandprofessorsinthecomputerera.Theirpermanentwarofattritionwithdefiantlyinattentivestudentshasescalatedfromthepursuitofpigtail-pulling,spitball-lobbingandnotebook-doodlingtoahigh-techarsenaloflaptops,cellphonesBlackberriesandthelike.

Thepoorschoolteacherormasterormasternowmustcompetewithtexting,instant-messaging,Facebook,eBay,YouTube,Addictinggames.Cornandotherpoxes(瘟疫,灾难)onpedagogy.

“Therearecertainlinesyoushouldn’tcross,”theprofessorsaid.Ifyoustarttoleratingthisstuff,itbecomesthenorm.“Themoreyougive,themoretheytake.Multitaskingisgood,butIwantthemtodomoretaskinginmyclass.”

3.Alltheadvancesschoolsandcollegeshavemadetosupposedlyenhancelearning—supplyingstudentswithlaptops,equippingcomputerlabs,creatingwirelessnetworks—haveinsteadenableddistraction.Perhapsattendancerecordsshouldincludeanewcategory:presentbutotherwiseengaged.

4.“Iamsotiredofthatexcuse,”saidProfessorBugeja,mayhelivealongandfruitfullife.Theideathatsubjectmatterisboringistrulyrelative.Boringasopposedtowhat?BuyingshoesoneBay?Thefactis,we’renotheretoentertain.Weareheretostimulatethelifeofthemind.”

“Educationrequirescontemplation,”hecontinued.“Itrequirescriticalthinking.Whatwemaybedoingnowistrainingagenerationofair-trafficcontrollersratherthanscholars.AndIdoknowI,mgoingtolose.”

Not,onecanonlyhope,withoutfight.

Intheend,asscience-fictionwritershaveprophesiedforyears,thetechnologyisboundtooutwitthefalliblehuman.Whatteacherorprofessorcanpossiblypolicearoomfullofdeterminedgoof-offs(游手好闲者)whilealsodeliveringanengaginglesson?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】(1)去年秋季,罗诺克学院的市场调研课业已过半。一天,阿里•纳齐米教授宣布课堂上对手机实行零容忍的政策。话音刚落,他就听到了手机的铃声。

(2)我们需要明白的一点是,课堂上的这段插曲事先经过策划并被写成剧本。尼尔•诺兰德始终介入了这个秘密计划。被砸的是他母亲闲置的一部手机,手机的服务合同早已满期了。

(3)所有的中学和大学都为学生提供了笔记本电脑,配备了计算机实验室,构建了无线网络,所有这些进步原本是为了促进学习,结果反而分散了学生的注意力。或许,记录学生的考勤时,应该再加上一栏:到课但未听课。

(4)“这种托辞我都听腻了,”也许会长寿且成果丰硕的布赫雅教授说,“关于课上讲授内容乏味的看法真的是相对的。相比什么它显得枯燥无味呢?到易贝网上买鞋?事实上,我们来这里不是为了玩乐,而是为了提高精神境界。”

7.单选题

There()nofurtherquestions,theChairwillentertainamotiontoapprovethePresidentsreport.

问题1选项

A.hadbeen

B.wouldbe

C.was

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:没有问题的话,主席要提议请大家核准董事会的报告。句子的前半部分在句中做状语成分,为独立主格机构,所以填空处应填入非谓语动词,只有选项D符合要求。

8.单选题

Veryyoungchildrenwithnoreadingexperiencemayastoundtheirparentswiththefirstwordstheyread,suchasadepartmentstoresignannouncingBigSale.

问题1选项

A.amaze

B.please

C.convey

D.bother

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。astound表示“使惊骇,使震惊”;A项amaze“使吃惊”,B项please“使喜欢,使高兴,使满意”,C项convey“传达,运输,让与”,D项bother“烦扰,打扰,使……不安”。句意:没有阅读经验的幼儿第一次读到的单词可能会让他们的父母感到震惊,比如百货商店的招牌上写着“大减价”。因此,根据句意可知A选项正确。

9.单选题

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlydeliverydidn’t(

)tothetrafficjamofthe

busycity.

问题1选项

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。aid“援助,帮助”;amount“总计,合计”;add“增加”;attribute“归属,把……归于”。句意:我们很高兴发现早发货并没有给繁忙的城市增添交通拥堵。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange()1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet()nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。inexchangefor“用……交换(物品间交换)”;inexchangeof“换取”;let(sb)off“宽恕,使爆炸/爆发”;let(sb)out“释放/放出,泄露,出租”。句意:吉拉德•沙利特,一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯兰组织哈马斯关押了5年多的以色列士兵,以交换1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯为条件后获释。其中的477人已于本周获释,其余的人预计将于下月获释。由题意可知第一空应该填inexchangeof,第二空应填letout,因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Havingweighedupallthefactorsthedepartmentfinallyagreedtoreceiveallthe()tothecommittee.

问题1选项

A.nominations

B.hypotheses

C.rejection

D.resistance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。nomination“任命;提名”;hypotheses“假定,臆测”,hypothesis的复数形式;rejection“拒绝”;resistance“阻力,电阻”。由thedepartment(部门)与committee(委员会)可知这里是“任命”的意思,选项A符合题意。

12.填空题

Readingandcomprehendingalargenumberofdocumentsandreports—manyofthemspecializedandtechnical—isavitaltaskthatisintrinsictofulfillingmanagementand________responsibilities.(execute)

【答案】executive

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】intrinsic的用法为beintrinsictosth.,形容词fulfilling修饰management,意思为“令人心满意足的”;根据关键词and,可知responsibilities和management是名词,横线处和fulfilling为形容词,executive意思为“执行的”,符合语境。

【句意】阅读和理解大量的文件和报告——其中许多是专业和技术性的——是一项至关重要的任务,是实现管理和执行职责所固有的。

13.单选题

Whatisthebestwoodtoburninthehomefireplace?Choosethekindofwoodtoburnislikechoosingabottleofwine.Eachchoiceyoucanmakehassomethingdifferenttooffer.Woodsdifferinthescenttheygiveoffandintheheattheyprovide.Thekindofwoodyouwillchoosedependsonyourownneedsandtastes.

Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.However,afirebuiltfromthesewoodsburnsoutquickly.Thiskindoffirerequiresalotofattention.Itneedsnewlogsaddedtokeepthefireburning.Afirebuiltfromsoftwoodsmightbeidealforyouatcertaintimes.Youmaywantaquickwarmingfirethatwillburnoutbeforeyougotobed.

Foralong-lastingfire,itisbesttouseheavierwoods.Thesewouldbeash,beech,birch,maple,andoak.Thesewoodsdon’tburnasfast.Oakgivesthemostevenandshortestflames.Italsoproducessteady,glowingcoals.Whenyouhaveseveraloaklogsburninginyourgrate,youcansettlebackforasteadyshowofflame.

Ifyouwantagood-smellingfire,usethewoodfromfruittrees.Apple,cherry,andnuttreesallproducepleasantscents.Theirsmokeusuallysmellslikethetree’sfruit.

Bymixingsoftwoodswithhardwoods,youcangetalong-lasting,easy-to-lightfire.Later,byaddingsomefruitwood,youcanproduceapleasantscentaswell.

Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.

Letonlyaninchortwoofashcollectsatthebottomofthegrate.Anymorethanthiscanruintheandirons.Toomuchashblockstheflowofairtothefire.Someashisneededtoformthebedfortheglowingcoalsthatdropthroughthegrate.Theyhelptoholdtheheatanddirectdraftsofairuptothebaseofthefire.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

2.Spruceburnswitha().

3.Inordertogetmoreheatoutofyourfireplace,youshould().

问题1选项

A.Fruitwooddoesnotburnwellinthefireplace.

B.Wetwoodiseasydriedinahomefireplace.

C.Youshouldchooseyourfireplacewoodcarefully.

D.Heavierwoodscankeepalong-lastingfire.

问题2选项

A.coldflame

B.hotflame

C.shortflame

D.steadyflame

问题3选项

A.addnewlogstothebackofthefire

B.cleanyourchimneyonceayear

C.rakecoalstowardtherearofthefireplace

D.ruintheandirons

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要谈及壁炉选择木材取决于需要和品味。可以得知C选项“你应该仔细选择你的壁炉木材”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词spruce可以定位到文章第二段中“Pine,spruce,andfiraresoftandeasytolight.Theyburnquicklywithahotflame.”,中文翻译为:松树、云杉和冷杉因柔软而容易点燃。它们迅速燃烧,火焰很热。因此B选项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数二段“Asarule,nomorethanfourlogsareneededtomakeagoodfire.Adjustthelogstomaintaintheflames.Pushtheendsofthelogsintheflamesfromtimetotime.Addkindlingandnewlogsasneededtorekindleadyingflame.Rakecoalstowardthefrontofthegratebeforeaddingnewlogsandputnewlogsattherear.Theretheywillreflectlightandheatintotheroom.”,中文翻译为:一般说来,生一堆好火不需要超过四根木头。调整原木以保持火焰。不时地把木柴的末端推入火焰中。添加引物和新的原木,以重新点燃即将熄灭的火焰。在添加新原木之前,把煤耙到炉排前面,并把新原木放在后面。在那里,它们将把光和热反射进房间。故A为正确选项。

14.单选题

Whenhestaysupallnighttostudyforhistest,hecanbequitepetulant.

问题1选项

A.tired

B.grouchy

C.amenable

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tired疲倦的,厌倦的B.grouchy不高兴的,不满的

C.amenable有责任的,顺从的,有义务的D.exhausted筋疲力尽的,疲惫不堪的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】划线单词petulant在句中表示“闹脾气的,赌气的”,B选项词义与划线单词含义最为接近,故本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】当他通宵学习准备考试时,他会闹脾气。

15.单选题

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled().

问题1选项

A.insincere

B.premature

C.premise

D.presumption

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。insincereadj.不诚恳的;premature不成熟的;premise前提,假定;presumption推测,放肆。句意:科学家认为在所有相关数据被收集、分析和计划之前就容易得出来的结论称之为()。由句子内容可知这种结论是一种推测。故D项正确。

16.不定项选择题

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago:spotswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbear-baiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattleeachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof'thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteenrounds.Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsoranyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis______.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis_______

.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis_______

.

问题1选项

A.notveryhigh

B.high

C.contemptuous

D.critical

问题2选项

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports

D.peopleareblood-thirstyinsports

问题3选项

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople

B.togiveanexample

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtoblood-thirsty

问题4选项

A.Three

B.Five

C.Six

D.Seven

问题5选项

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves

B.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wecanimprovelaw

C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem

D.toshowthelawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:观点态度题。第一步,精准定位,定位到关键句第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.以及第二段第三句Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.(任何有关“体育精神”的说法都是彻头彻尾的伪善)。第二段最后一句Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.(他们感到失望,因为他们被剥夺了目睹长期折磨和暴力的美妙乐趣),第二步,概括理解,从这里可以看出作者对现在人类的看法也觉得他们不高尚,不然不会有这么多人喜欢看这种暴力游戏,选A选项“不是很高尚”;

B选项“高尚”,属于反向干扰;

C选项“蔑视的”,定位到WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.(他们可能会轻蔑地谈论可怜的古罗马人,因为他们享受着在竞技场上进行的杀戮狂欢),这个是现代人对古罗马人的观点,不是作者对现代人的观点,属于张冠李戴;

D选项“批判的”,作者对人喜欢暴力这种行为是持批判态度的,不止包括现代人,D选项属于偷换概念。

第2题:主旨大意题。第一步,分析文章的行文结构,全文是分总结构,整篇文章围绕着人类喜欢暴力运动这种行为展开的,第一段引入现代人和古罗马人对比,指出现代人仍然喜欢暴力,第二段对第一段进行进一步补充,第三段作者希望人类能够放弃这种暴力喜好,文章中心句也是在最后一段倒数二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.(如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动,我们将进一步改善人类。我们将认识到暴力是可耻的,不值得人类使用),由此可知答案选A选项“非法和危险的运动应该被法律禁止”;

B选项“人们愿意花大量的钱去看暴力”,定位到第二段倒数第四句Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.(观众愿意花大价钱看暴力),文章虽然有提及但是不是文章主旨,这里属于以偏概全;

C选项“比较对危险运动的两种不同态度”,全文没有对比两种态度属于无中生有;

D选项“人们在运动中是嗜血的”,定位到第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?(我们不那么嗜血了吗?),这句文章虽然有提及但不是文章主旨,所以不能选,这里属于以偏概全。

第3题:推理判断题。第一步,寻找句内线索,定位到该段中心句第一段第一句Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.(当你想到我们在技术上取得的巨大进步时,令人惊讶的是,我们在其他方面的发展微乎其微),第二步,寻找上下文线索,从这里可以看出作者的观点是人类除了在科技方面有进步其他方面都没有进步,然后引出罗马人的例子来解释作者为什么这么说,所以答案选A选项“将古罗马人和现代的人进行比较”;

B选项“举个例子”,文章的重点是现代人仍然嗜血不是人类喜欢嗜血游戏,所以选项B错误,属于偷换概念;

C选项“来表明过去的人类没有比这更好的了”,定位到第三段第四句话Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.(我们可以屈尊地原谅他们,因为他们生活在2000年前,显然不知道什么是更好的。),这里文章虽然提及,但与题干不相关,属于张冠李戴,所以不选;

D选项“表明人类已经习惯了嗜血”是文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

第4题:事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,第一段第六行boxingmatches“拳赛”,第一段最后一句publichangingsorbear-baiting“逗熊游戏”,第二段第一行huntingorbull-fighting,第二段第三行racingcars“赛车”,从这里可知答案选B;publichanging“公开绞刑”是一种刑罚不是娱乐活动,所以不能选C。

第5题:主旨大意题。第一步,分析文章的行文结构,全文是分总结构,整篇文章围绕着人类喜欢暴力运动这种行为展开的,第一段引入现代人和古罗马人对比,指出现代人仍然喜欢暴力,第二段对第一段进行进一步补充,第三段作者希望人类能够放弃这种暴力喜好,文章中心句也是在最后一段倒数二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.(如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动,我们将进一步改善人类。我们将认识到暴力是可耻的,不值得人类使用),由此可知答案选A选项“通过禁止暴力运动,我们人类可以提高自己”;

B选项“通过禁止暴力体育活动,我们可以完善法律”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项“我们必须采取积极措施来改善社会福利制度”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

D选项“说明法律是社会变革的主要工具”。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句话Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.虽然文章有提及法律是社会变革的主要工具,但是作者提到这个是希望通过立法把这种暴力游戏禁止从而达到人类自我提升的目的,所以不选,这里属于出处错误。

17.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)

Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionbegantopickupspeedslowlyduringtheeighteenthcentury.Andthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially.Forexample,itisnowanaxiominmanyfieldsofsciencethatmorenewandimportantdiscoverieshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsthanintheentireprevioushistoryofscience.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffectonourrelationshiptotheearththatnuclearweaponshavehadonourrelationshiptowarfare,itisneverthelesstruethattakentogether,theyhavecompletelytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance—makingtheconsequencesofunrestrainedexploitationeverybitasunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar.

【答案】和人口爆炸一样,科技革命在十八世纪开始慢慢加速。之后这场正在进行的革命也突然呈指数地加速。例如,在过去十年中发生的重大新发现比以往整个科学史上的发现都要多,这已成为许多科学领域的一个公理。虽然没有任何一项发现产生了像核武器对我们与战争的关系所产生的影响一样,对我们与地球的关系产生了如此大的影响,但总的来说,它们完全改变了我们为维持生存而不断积累的开采地球的能力,这使得无节制开采的后果与无节制的核战争的后果一样难以想象。

18.翻译题

1.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese(5marks)

One-thirdoftheUSphysiciansareover65,andthatproportionisexpectedtorise.Asdoctorsinthebabyboomgenerationreach65,manyareunderincreasingfinancialpressuresthatmakethemreluctanttoretire.Manydoctors,ofcourse,retaintheirskillsandsharpnessofmindintotheir70sandbeyond.ButphysiciansarehardlyimmunetoParldnson’sdisease,strokeandotherillsofaging.Andsomeexpertswarnthattherearetoofewsafeguardstoprotectpatientsagainstthosewhoshouldnolongerbepracticing.“Myguessisthatpeoplethinkthereissomefail-safemechanismtoprotectthemfromincompetentphysicians”,Dr.Norcrosssaid.“Thereisnot.”

【答案】三分之一的美国医生年龄在65岁以上,这一比例预计还会上升。随着婴儿潮一代的医生年满65岁,许多人面临着越来越大的经济压力,因此不愿退休。当然,许多医生在70多岁以后仍然保持着他们的技能和敏锐的头脑。但是医生很难对帕尔登森病、中风和其他衰老疾病免疫。一些专家警告说,保护病人免受那些不应该再执业的人伤害的保障措施太少了。诺克罗斯博士说:“我的猜测是,人们认为有某种故障安全机制可以保护他们免受不称职的医生的伤害。然而,实际上是没有的。”

19.单选题

Hismemoryseemsto(

)withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

问题1选项

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项都可以表示“减少”。lessen指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少;diminish指某事物对照原本基础上数量或质量少了很多;decrease指各种事物逐渐减少、逐渐衰弱的过程;reduce指缩小事物的范围、强度、数量等,也可指级别、地位或经济条件的降低。此处表示他的记忆力随着年龄的增长而减弱,记忆力变得比原来差,因此选B。

句意:他的记忆力似乎随着年龄的增长而减弱,有很多事情他记不清了。

20.单选题

Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleis,whydon'tyouhelpthemto()thesituation?

问题1选项

A.simplify

B.modify

C.verify

D.rectify

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A:simplify“简化,使单纯”;选项B:modify“修改”;选项C:verify“核实,查证”;选项D:rectify“矫正,改正”。rectify是指抽象意义上对于偏离正常轨道的矫正,因此与题意更切合,所以选项D正确。句意:如果你知道问题出在哪里,为什么不帮助他们扭转局面呢?

21.单选题

Theguides(

)thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate“积累;累积”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集;集合”;resemble“类似,像”。根据后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在门口集合,因此选项C符合题意。句意:这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。

22.单选题

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

问题1选项

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”;enemy“敌人”;rival“竞争对手”;opponent“反对者”。句意:虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手,但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。

23.单选题

ThemosteffectivewayIknowtoimproveyourwritingistodofreewritingexercisesregularly.Atleastthreetimesaweek.Theyaresometimescalled“automaticwriting”,“babbling”,or“jabbering”exercises.Theideaissimplytowritefortenminutes(lateron,perhapsfifteenortwenty).Don’tstopforanything.Goquicklywithoutrushing.Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething,towonderwhatwordorthoughttouse,ortothinkaboutwhatyouaredoing.Ifyoucan’tthinkofawordorspelling,justuseasquiggleorelsewrite,“Ican’tthinkofit.”Justputdownsomething.Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind.Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant;orrepeatthelastwordyouwroteoverandoveragain;oranythingelse.Theonlyrequirementisthatyouneverstop.

Whathappenstoafreewritingexerciseisimportant.Itmustbeapieceofwritingwhich,evenifsomeonereadsit,doesn’tsendanyripplesbacktoyou.Itislikewritingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.Theteacherlessclasshelpsyourwritingbyprovidingmaximumfeedback.Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall.WhenIassignone,Iinvitethewritertoletmereadit.Butalsotellhimtokeepitifheprefers.IreaditquicklyandmakenocommentsatallandIdonotspeakwithhimaboutit.Themainthingisthatafreewritingmustneverbeevaluatedinanyway;infacttheremustbenodiscussionorcommentatall.

Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting.Butthat’sitsdownfalltoo.Almosteverybodyinterposesamassiveandcomplicatedseriesofeditingsbetweenthetimethewordsstarttobebornintoconsciousnessandwhentheyfinallycomeoftheendofthepencilortypewriterontothepage.Thisispartlybecauseschoolingmakesusobsessedwiththe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingisencouragedaboutfreewriting?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“getstuck”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcomparedwithspeaking,writing().

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTageneralpracticeinfreewriting,accordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Topointouttheonlyeffectivewayofimprovingwriting.

B.Torevealthecrazyfeatureof“automaticwriting”.

C.Tourgereaderstotrytodofreewritingexercisesregularly.

D.Todescribetheprocessoffreewriting

问题2选项

A.Thinkingaboutspellingandgrammaraswetrytowrite.

B.Teachersaresupposedtoprovidefeedbackormakecommentsaboutapieceofwriting.

C.Crossoutthoseideasthatseemtobeambiguous.

D.Neverworryaboutthe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.

问题3选项

A.Unabletodoanymoreofsomethingthatyouareworkingonbecauseitistoodifficult

B.Fixedinaparticularpositionandimpossibletomove

C.Unabletoescapefromaboringsituation

D.Startdoingsomethingeagerlyandwithalotofenergy.

问题4选项

A.hastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting

B.functionsmoreasaconsciousprocessofcorrecting“mistake”

C.isjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind

D.makesmoresensethansimplyputtingdownwords

问题5选项

A.Writingdownwhateverisinyourmind.

B.Payingnoattentiontospelling,dictionorgrammarwhilewriting.

C.Writingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.

D.Ignoringallpossiblemistakeswhilewriting.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:作者意图题。文章首先介绍了自由写作,包括其注意事项以及方式和特征,在最后一段的开头也强调:Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense(自由写作也许看起来非常疯狂,但是这里面的道理很简单)。最后对比了学校的写作教育和自由写作,因此B项“揭示自由写作”比较符合文章的目的。

第2题:细节事实题。A:写作时思考拼写和语法。B:老师应该对一篇文章做出反馈或评论。C:把那些看起来模棱两可的想法去掉。D:永远不要担心写作时会“犯错”。第一段指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下来去回顾已经写的内容,去划掉一部分,去思考单词该怎么拼写),因此A项跟C项不是自由写作所鼓励的。由“Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall(自由写作通过不提供任何的反馈来达到帮助的目的)”可知B项也不是自由写作所鼓励的,故选D。

第3题:词义题。“getstuck”出现在第一段:Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant(如果你getstuck,你可以直接写我不知道该写什么”)。由此推断出文章中的getstuck指的是在写作过程中遇到困难,不知道该写什么内容以及不知道该怎么写,故答案选项为A。

第4题:细节事实题。Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting(思考一下说话和写作之间的区别。写作的优点是可以写下很多),A项是对此句的同义转述,故选A。

第5题:细节事实题。第一段指出:Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind(最简单的就是把出现在脑海中的东西都写下来),由此可知A是自由写作的训练方法之一。第一段还指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下来去回顾已经写的内容,去划掉一些部分,去思考单词该怎么拼写),最后一段指出:Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutsp

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