考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南华大学船山学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

We’dliketo（）atableforfivefordinnerthisevening.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.reserve

C.sustain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。preserve保留;reserve预订，预约;sustain维持;retain保持,持有。句意:今晚我们想

一张五个人的餐桌。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

问题1选项

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aftermath“后果；余波”；B选项premonition“预感”；C选项omen“预兆，征兆”；D选项presentiment“预感”。句意：地震的后果就是许多人无家可归。因此A项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thereisaboystudentdownstairs（

）.

问题1选项

A.wantstoseeyou

B.whomwantstoseeyou

C.whichwantstoseeyou

D.hewantstoseeyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为boystudent，表示人，一般用that或who，故排除B、C两项。当therebe开头的句子，其主语的定语从句常可省略关系代词。句意：楼下有一个男学生想见你。故A项正确。

4.单选题

Nothinginthehistoryofmodemastronomyhasexcitedasmuchspeculationastheobject,orevent,knownasablackhole.Blackholeshaveprovidedendlessimaginativefodderforsciencefictionwritersandendlesstheoreticalfodderforastrophysicists.Theyareoneofthemoreexoticmanifestationsofthetheoryofgeneralrelativity,andtheirfascinationliesinthewaytheirtremendousgravityaffectsnearbyspaceandtime.

Ablackholeisverysimpleinstructure:ithasasurface—theeventhorizon—andacenter—thesingularity.Everythingelseisgravity.Thestandardmodelfortheformationofablackholeinvolvesthecollapseofalagerstar.Theimaginarysphericalsurfacesurroundingthecollapsedstaristheeventhorizon—anartificialboundaryinpacethatmarksapointofnoreturn.Outsidetheeventhorizon,gravityisstrongbutfinite,anditispossibleforobjectstobreakfreeofitspull.However,oncewithintheeventhorizon,anobjectwouldneedtotravelfasterthanlighttoescape.

Forextremelymassivestars,theexclusionprinciple—theresistancebetweenthemacularparticlewithinthestarastheyarecompressed一willnotbestrongenoughtooffsetthegravitygeneratedbythestar’sownmass.Thestar’sincreasingdensitywilloverwhelmtheexclusionprinciple.Whatfollowsisrunawaygravitationalcollapse.Withnointernalforcetostopit,thestarwillsimplycontinuetocollapseinonitself.Onceacollapsingstarhascontractedthroughitseventhorizon,nothingcanstopitfromcollapsingfurtheruntilitsentiremassiscrusheddowntoasinglepoint—apointofinfinitedensityandzerovolume-toesingularity.

Thestarnowdisappearsfromtheperceivableuniverse,likeacartooncharacterthatjumpsintoaholeandpullstheholeinafterhim.Whatthisprocessleavesbehindisadeterrentkindofhole—aprofounddisturbanceinspace-time,aregionwheregravityis,sointensethatnothingcanescapefromit.Anyobjectfallingwithintheboundaryofablackholehasnochoicebuttomoveinwardtowardthesingularityanddisappearfromouruniverseforever.Moreover,ablackholecanneverbepluggeduporfilledinwithmatter:themorematterthatispoundintoablackholethebiggeritgets.

AWhatwouldhappentoobjects,suchasastronauts,astheyvanishedintoablackhole?BPhysicistshavebeenamusingthemselveswiththisquestionforyears,andmostbelievethattheintensegravitationalforceswouldripaparttheastronautslongbeforetheywerecrushedatthesingularity.CTheoretically,anyastronautswhomortgagedtosurvivethepassagewouldencountersomeverystrangethings.DForinstance,theywouldexperienceacutetimedistortion,whichwouldenablethemtoknow,inafewbriefseconds,theentirefutureoftheuniverse.

Insideablackhole,spacearidtimearesowarpedthatthedistancefromtheeventhorizontothesingularityisnotadistanceinspaceinthenormalsensewhatwecanmeasureinkilometers.Instead,itbecomesadistanceintime.Thetimeittakestoreachthesingularityfromtheeventhorizon—asmeasuredbysomeonefallingin—isproportionaltothemassoftheblackhole.

Theonlywaywhatastronautswouldknowwhethertheyhadcrossedtheeventhorizonwouldbeiftriedtohalttheirfallandclimboutagainbyfiringtheirenginesenoughtopushthemselvesbackfromthecenterofthehole.However,becauseofthetimewarp,iftheastronautstriedtodothis,theywouldreachthesingularityfasterthaniftheyhadlefttheirenginesoff.Moreover,sincetheycouldgetnofartheroncetheyreachedthesingularity,thispointwouldmarktheendoftimeitself.

1.ThewordfodderinparagraphIisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Theopposingforcebetweenthemolecularparticlesinsideastariscalled

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionacartooncharacterinparagraph4?

4.AstronautwhofellintoablackholewouldprobablyexperienceallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

5.Thephrase“thispoint”inparagraphsevenrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.material

B.stones

C.support

D.problems

问题2选项

A.generalrelativity

B.theexclusionprinciple

C.infinitedensity

D.thesingularity

问题3选项

A.Toillustratethecompletedisappearanceoracollapsingstar

B.Towarnofthedangerofbeingsuckedintoablackhole

C.Topointoutahumorousphenomenoninastrophysics

D.Toannouncethecreationofacartoonaboutblackholes

问题4选项

A.distortionofspaceandtime

B.knowledgeoftheuniverse

C.stronggravitationalforces

D.travelingfasterthanlight

问题5选项

A.theeventhorizon

B.firingtheirengines

C.thetimewarp

D.thesingularity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。Fodder所在句为:Blackholeshaveprovidedendlessimaginativefodderforsciencefictionwritersandendlesstheoreticalfodderforastrophysicists(黑洞为科幻小说家提供了无穷无尽的想象素材，也为天体物理学家提供了无尽的理论素材)。其中fodder—词作provide的宾语并且既可以被imaginative修饰也可以被theoretical修饰，因此A项“材料,素材”意思最为接近。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:theexclusionprinciple—theresistancebetweenthemacularparticlewithinthestarastheyarecompressedwillnotbestrongenoughtooffsetthegravitygeneratedbythestar’sownmass(排他原理——恒星内的黄斑粒子在被压缩时的阻力将不足以抵消恒星自身质量产生的引力)。因此题干“恒星内部分子粒子间的反作用力”就是排他原理。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第四段:Thestarnowdisappearsfromtheperceivableuniverse,likeacartooncharacterthatjumpsintoaholeandpullstheholeinafterhim(这行星从我们的宇宙消失了，就像是一个跳进洞里然后消失在洞里的卡通人物)。由此可知cartooncharacter的例子是为了形象说明行星消失的过程，选项A“为了举例说明行星的消失或坍缩”正确。

4.细节事实题。关于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历什么的设想主要集中在文章第五段:theintensegravitationalforceswouldripaparttheastronautslongbeforetheywerecrushedatthesingularity(在宇航员还没到奇点之前就己经被强大的引力撕碎了),故C“强大的引力”表述正确。theywouldexperienceacutetimedistortion,whichwouldenablethemtoknow,inafewbriefseconds,theentirefutureoftheuniverse(他们会经历严重的时间畸变，这会使他们在短短几秒之内了解整个宇宙的未来),故选项A“畸变的时间和空间”和B“宇宙的知识”表述正确。而D“比光速还快”不属于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历的事件设想，故答案为D。

5.语义题。thispoint所在句为:Moreover,sincetheycouldgetnofartheroncetheyreachedthesingularity,thispointwouldmarktheendoftimeitself(而且,由于当到达奇点后他们就不能继续往前了，这个点将标志着时间的完结)。因此thispoint指thesingularity(奇点)。

5.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美国黑人的暴力革命绝不可能得到白人的同情与支持，也得不到大多数黑人的同情与支持。现在不是浪漫幻想的时候。如果不能认识到这一点，我们将会得出无法解决困难的方法、无法回答疑问的答案与无法阐释问题的解释。

6.单选题

Thepoorthinghashadatoothout,sohecan’ttalkbutmanagesto（

）tocaptureattention.

问题1选项

A.moan

B.grumble

C.criticize

D.complain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。moan“呻吟，抱怨”；grumble“抱怨，嘟囔”；criticize“批评，指责”；complain“抱怨，控诉”。句意：这个可怜的家伙掉了一颗牙，所以他说不出话只能靠呻吟来吸引别人注意。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

SomeofthismeatcamefromCanada.Howabout（

）?

问题1选项

A.another

B.others

C.theother

D.therest

【答案】D

【解析】考查不可数名词的指代。meat是不可数名词，前面三个选项一般用来知道可数名词，所以不符合题意。选项D既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词，符合题意。句意：这里一部分肉来自加拿大，那剩下的呢？

8.单选题

Herfamilytakes（）overherwork.

问题1选项

A.percentage

B.priority

C.perspect

D.preparation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项percentage“百分比；百分率”；B选项priority“优先；优先权”；C选项perspect“专辑名称”；D选项preparation“预备；准备。句意：对她来说，家庭比工作重要。因此B项符合句意，takepriorityoversth.优先考虑，优先于某事。

9.单选题

Manyyearshad______beforetheyreturnedtotheiroriginalurbanareas.

问题1选项

A.floated

B.elapsed

C.skipped

D.proceeded

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.floated浮动，漂流B.elapsed（时间）消逝，流逝

C.skipped蹦蹦跳跳地走D.proceeded继续做（或从事、进行）

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据manyyears（许多年）可知，此处表示“时间的消逝”，所以该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】许多年过去了，他们才回到原来的城市地区。

10.单选题

Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employed,don'thavesmallchildrenandgetalong（

）tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.

问题1选项

A.toowell

B.sowell

C.wellas

D.wellenough

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。toowell“太多；太好”，其在这里与空格后的to构成toowelltodosth.“太好而不能做某事的搭配，这与句意不符；sowell“这么好；如此……以至”，需要后接to引导的不定式时，—般用sowellastodosth.“好的如此以至去做某事”；没有wellas的短语，一般有aswellas“也；和…….一样”的词组；wellenough“很好，很健康，还可以，好到”，其在这里与空格后的to构成wellenoughtodosth.“足够去做某事”的短语。根据“tospendmostoftheirtimetogether度过他们的大部分时间”以及词组确定句意是‘这种解决方案只适用于个体经营、没有小孩且能和睦相处地一起度过他们的大部分时间的夫妻。’所以D选项正确。

11.单选题

AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“losingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.

Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.

WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.

“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.

HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso

developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais（

）.

2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof

（

）.

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry

B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry

C.wastheItaliansilkindustry

D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry

问题2选项

A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake

B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.

C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard

D.Narrowstripofpaper.

问题3选项

A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.

B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.

C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.

D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.

问题4选项

A.theirlowprice

B.theirexclusivedesign

C.theirhighquality

D.alloftheabove

问题5选项

A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina

B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods

C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers

D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年来是法国的丝绸业的传统中心，选项B和C是关于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti对员工说，“希望我们不要成为像里昂那样又胖又懒”，可知他本身也是法国纺织工业的一员。选项A符合题意。

2.slip出现在文章第二段第一句话：Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years，主要讲述了里昂作为法国纺织业中心的兴衰，renewedvigor“新的活力”，可以推断在注入新的活力之前是经过了下滑，因此slip在这里的意思是“下滑”，选项C符合题意。

3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司试图通过奢侈品和高端的时尚产品重新占据市场，由此可以推断出法国纺织业公司通过生产围巾等来重新占据市场。选项C符合题意。

4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到价格、多样性以及独特性对于消费者来说都很重要。选项D符合题意。

5.题目的要求是下列哪个选项在文章中没有直接讲述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通过价格低质量高的商品来发展市场，这些商品与之前中意合资企业生产的商品不同，由此可以推测大批量的商品正在逐渐失去市场。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Threeuniversitydepartmentshavebeen（

）$600,000todevelopgoodpracticeinteachingandlearning.

问题1选项

A.promoted

B.included

C.secured

D.awarded

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A项promote表示“促进；提升；发扬”；B项include表示“包含，包括”；C项secure表示“保护，招致”；D项award表示“授予”。根据句意可知，大学的三个系被60万美元来开展良好的教学实践。因此，本题正确答案为D项。

13.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese

Intheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandtabletennis,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.

Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.

Noontimecameandwent;Nixon,whorarelyhadlunch,andKissinger,whorarelymissedit,skippedthemealandwentrightontalkingforalmostfourhours.

See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.

Mathematicianswhohavetriedtousecomputerstocopythewaythebrainworkshavefoundthatusingeventhelatestelectronicequipmenttheywouldhavetobuildacomputerwhichweighedover10,000kilos.

Wemaintainthatnopeacesituationispermanentwhichdoesnottakeintoaccountthelegitimatewishesofthemajorityofthepeopleofanycountry.

Hiseight-minutevaledictorywaseverythingthatGorewasn'tduringhiseighteen-monthcampaign:graceful,authentic,inspiring.

Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.

Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruth'ssake,andthatis“asfarasdonoharm''.

Don'tbeaboveaskingaboutthingsyoudon'tunderstand.

【答案】晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他将起草最后公报。

约翰是可以信赖的。他忠诚而守规矩。

中午到了，又过去了；很少吃午饭的尼克松和很少错过午餐的基辛格跳过了这顿饭，他们直接洽谈了将近四个小时。

在那以后的四个星期内，消息时好时坏，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。

试图使用计算机复制大脑工作方式的数学家发现，即使是使用最新的电子设备，他们必须制造一台体重超过1万公斤的计算机。

我们认为没有任何和平局面是永久的，如果不考虑任何国家大多数人民的合法愿望。

他八分钟的告别演讲很成功，Gore在他十八个月的竞选活动中却没有表现出来：优雅、真诚、鼓舞人心。

例如，对于一个四口之家来说，与其外出到别的地方去找乐子，还不如舒适地坐在家里，因为更方便，也更便宜，而且几乎可以享受无限的乐趣。

我们的职业传统上恪守一个信条，那就是尽可能的不造成伤害，这一信条胜过为讲真话而讲真话的美德。

不懂的事，不要怕问。

14.单选题

AttitudesonthetwosidesintheRevolutionaryWarprecludedthepossibilityofapeacefulsolution.

问题1选项

A.presaged

B.prejudiced

C.anticipated

D.prevented

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:双方对美国革命战争的态度决定了不可能通过和平的方式解决问题。

presage:预感，预言。prejudice:偏见。anticipate:预期，期望。prevent:阻止，妨碍，。preclude:阻止,妨碍,排除。故选D。

15.单选题

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwages—workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen.Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTentlerthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtotheTentler,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswer,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhadwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardthedominantideologyoftheirtime?

3.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

问题1选项

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.defendanunpopularideology

问题2选项

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

问题3选项

A.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句，“Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.”，SarahEisenstein在其未完成但极具启发性的文章中，关注了从本世纪初到第一次世界大战期间职业女性价值观的演变。可判断出本篇文章对女性研究的相关话题展开讨论。下文紧接着提到了爱森斯坦在职业和工作对女性的影响问题的研究。根据文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.”，爱森斯坦未完成的研究没有充分深入或详细地发展这些观点，只提供了令人感兴趣的线索，而没有详尽的分析。可判断出作者认为爱森斯坦对女性的研究是不充分的，所以本篇文章的目的就是为了对女性研究的方法进行评估。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句，“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity”,butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”，爱森斯坦认为，世纪初的女性既没有完全接受也没有拒绝所谓的“家庭生活”的主导意识形态，而是接受了这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态——女权主义、社会主义、工会主义——并根据自己的经验和需要对它们进行修改或调整。可判断出女性只接受主流意识形态的某些方面，而不是全部。选项D符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段，“Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.”，爱森斯坦未完成的研究没有充分深入或详细地发展这些观点，提供了令人感兴趣的线索，而不是详尽的分析。不管爱森斯坦的总体计划是什么，以她目前的研究形式来看，她所依赖的资料来源有限。可判断出对爱森斯坦研究的继续需要收集各种资料，做更加详尽的分析，所以世纪初典型工薪阶层的女性的书信和日记进行分析很有可能是爱森斯坦研究的继续，选项B符合题意。

16.单选题

Onecommon-sensereason（）childrenlearntospeakisthattheyimitatethosearoundthem.

问题1选项

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】reason做先行词,后面一般接why引导的原因状语从句,选项中的ofwhich=why,表示孩子们学会说话的原因。所以选项D正确。

17.单选题

Heinsistedthathe____untiltheworkisfinished.

问题1选项

A.didn’trest

B.notrest

C.wouldn’trest

D.don’trest

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.didn’trest不休息B.notrest不休息

C.wouldn’trest不休息D.don’trest不休息

【答案】B

【考查点】虚拟语气。

【解题思路】这里考查insist的虚拟语气。当insist表示“坚持要求/坚持主张”，即that从句的动作当时尚未发生的话，则宾语从句必须使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词由“should+动词原形”构成,且should可以省略。对比选项，在这里句意为：他坚持工作完不成就不休息。因此用insist的虚拟语气。所以是insist+shouldnot+动词原形rest，should可以省略。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合虚拟语气用法。

【句意】他坚持直到工作完成才会休息。

18.单选题

Theteamleaderofmountainclimbersmarkedout（）.

问题1选项

A.thatseemedtobethebestroute

B.whatseemedtobethebestroute

C.whichseemedtobetilebestroute

D.somethingthattobethebestroute

【答案】B

【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。

19.单选题

Youcouldbe（

）manydangersbytravelingaloneinthatarea.

问题1选项

A.subjectto

B.immuneto

C.sensitiveto

D.resistantto

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。besubjectto“受支配，从属于，常遭受……”；beimmuneto“对……有免疫力”；besensitiveto“对……感到敏感；灵敏”；beresistantto“抵抗……的，对……有反抗作用的”。句意：你一个人去那个地方旅游将面临很多危险。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Undoubtedlythefloodcouldhavebeen______ifthelocalgovernmenthadinvestedmoremoneyingreeningtheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.putoff

B.turnedoff

C.keptoff

D.writtenoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项putoff“推迟；扔掉；阻止”；B选项turnoff“关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向；使失去兴趣”；C选项keepoff“让开；不接近”；D选项writeoff“注销；取消；勾销；报废”。句意：毫无疑问，如果当地政府在绿化环境方面投入更多的资金，洪水本可以被阻断。因此B选项正确。

21.单选题

Earthquakesrank______forestfires,floodandtornadoes______majorcalamities.

问题1选项

A.with,as

B.like,in

C.in,as

D.for,in

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项rankwith“与……并列”，rankas“列为；看作”；B选项ranklike非词组，rankin非词组；C选项rankin非词组，rankas“列为；看作”；D选项rankfor非词组，rankin非词组。句意：地震和森林火灾排名______，洪水和龙卷风______重大灾害。综合四个选项，只有A选项都可组成有意义的词组，并且符合地震和森林火灾等级相同，洪水和龙卷风为重大灾害的生活场景。因此A选项正确。

22.单选题

Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe（

）,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.

问题1选项

A.event

B.incident

C.case

D.affair

【答案】C

【解析】同义词辨析题。和上一题一样，四个词是近义词，根据句意：律师劝他放弃这个案子，因为他赢的机会很小。由此可知，这里指的是案件，所以选项C更恰当。

23.单选题

Thelittlegirlthoughtfailinginexaminationas（

）,soshewasunwillingtotellherparents.

问题1选项

A.humidity

B.humiliation

C.humility

D.humanity

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项humidity“湿度”；B选项humiliation“丢脸，耻辱”；C选项humility“谦卑，谦虚”；D选项humanity“人类，人道”。根据关键词“failinginexamination考试不及格”和动词“thought认为”可知空格部分为“可耻，耻辱”，句意为：这个小女孩认为考试不及格很可耻，所以没有告诉她的父母。故正确答案选B。

24.翻译题

中国人的年讲究的就是一个团聚，正如中国知名作家冯骥才所讲：春节是中国人的“情感时刻”。这一天无论你身在何处，回家团圆是唯一的主题，思乡情感也要在这一刻得到宣泄。对于英国留学生们来说，春节回家的愿望，非要天时地利人和，多重因素都给力，才能够得以实现。每年的春节大多在一、二月间，这个时候并不是学校的假期，留学生们无法脱身。

【答案】WhatChineseNewYearstressesisafamilyreunion.JustasFengJicai,afamousChinesewriter,haspointedout,theSpringFestivalisan“emotionalmoment”fortheChinesepeople.Whereveryoumaybethatday,returninghomeforafamilyreunionistheonlytopicofconversationandyourhomesicknessissuretobegotoffyourchest.ForoverseasChinesestudentsintheUnitedKingdom,theirwishofreturninghomeduringtheSpringFestivalcannotberealizedunlesseverythingisOKandmanyfactorsaregeliable.TheSpringFestivalfallschieflybetweenJanuaryandFebruary,duringwhichschoolshavenovacations,overseasstudentscannotleaveschool.

25.单选题

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects______inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore2000.

问题1选项

A.havebeenconducting

B.wasconducted

C.hadbeenconducted

D.beingconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查语态和时态。本题主要考查过去完成时的被动语态。Experiments“实验”只能被人做，所以只能用被动语态，再根据时间线“before2000”可知动作完成在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。句意：早在2000年之前，美国和欧洲就已经开展了运动物体摄影的实验。因此C选项正确。

26.单选题

Wecannotimaginewhatatoughjobitistoreadmusicfromaphotocopyofahandwritten（）inoldGerman.

问题1选项

A.submission

B.manuscript

C.substance

D.manipulation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项submission“屈服，提交”，B选项manuscript“手稿，手抄本”，C选项substance“物质，要旨”，D选项manipulation“操纵，篡改”，句意：我们无法想象从古德语手抄本上阅读音乐是一项多么困难的工作。因此，B选项符合句意。

27.单选题

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.