考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Storiesabouttheproblemsoftourismhavebecomelegioninthelastfewyears.Yetitdoesnothavetobeaproblem.

Althoughtourisminevitablyaffectstheregioninwhichittakesplace,thecoststothesefragileenvironmentsandtheirlocalculturesashashappenedwiththeSperpasofNepal’sKhumbuValleyandinsomeAlpinevillages.Andagrowingnumberofadventuretourismoperatorsaretryingtoensurethattheiractivitiesbenefitthelocalpopulationandenvironmentoverthelongterm.

IntheSwissAlpscommunitieshavedecidedthattheirfuturedependsonintegratingtourismmoreeffectivelywiththelocaleconomy.LocalconcernabouttherisingnumberofsecondhomedevelopmentintheSwissPaysd’Enhautresultedinlimitsbeingimposedontheirgrowth.Therehasalsobeenarenaissanceincommunalcheeseproductioninthearea,providingthelocalswithareliablesourceofincomethatdoesnotdependonoutsidevisitors.

ManyoftheArctictouristdestinationshavebeenexploitedbyoutsidecompanies,whoemploytransientworkersandrepatriatemostoftheprofitstotheirhomebase.ButsomeArcticcommunitiesarenowoperatingtourbusinessesthemselves,therebyensuringthatthebenefitsaccruelocally.Forinstance,anativecorporationinAlaska,employinglocalpeople,isrunninganairtourfromAnchoragetoKotzebue,wheretouristseatArcticfood,walkonthetundraandwatchlocalmusiciansanddancers.

NativepeopleinthedesertregionsoftheAmericanSouthwesthavefollowedsimilarstrategies,encouragingtouriststovisittheirpueblosandreservationstopurchasehigh-qualityhandicraftsandartwork.TheAcomaandSanIldefonsopuebloshaveestablishedhighlyprofitablepotterybusinesses,whiletheNavajoandHopigroupshavebeensimilarlysuccessfulwithjewelry.

Toomanypeoplelivinginfragileenvironmentshavelostcontrolovertheireconomies,theircultureandtheirenvironmentwhentourismhaspenetratedtheirhomelands.Merelyrestrictingtourismcannotbethesolutiontotheimbalance,becausepeople’sdesiretoseenewplaceswillnotjustdisappear.Instead,communitiesinfragileenvironmentsmustachievegreatercontrolovertourismventuresintheirregionsinordertobalancetheirneedsandaspirationswiththedemandsoftourism.Agrowingnumberofcommunitiesaredemonstratingthat,withfirmcommunaldecision-making,thisispossible.Thecriticalquestionnowiswhetherthiscanbecomethenorm,ratherthantheexception.

【答案】在过去的几年里，有关旅游业问题的报道层出不穷。然而，这并不一定是一个问题。

在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区的社区已经明确，他们的未来取决于更有效地将旅游业与当地经济结合起来。

该地区的公共奶酪生产也出现了复兴，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源。

仅仅限制旅游业不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方观光的渴望不会消失。

现在问题的关键是，这能否成为常态，而不是例外。

2.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.

(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.

(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.

Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”Oftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.

【答案】41.E

42.A

43.C

44.F

45.B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.创造力及其产生想法的任务本质上是递增的。

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他们的想法是通过许多小步骤创造出来的，而不是通过瞬间、惊天动地的灵感。

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足够诚实的话，精彩的灵感闪现会与你之前处理过的想法或元素联系起来。

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共关系工作中，这可能是一个其他人没有想到的新的宣传理念，它将取得重大的宣传效果，或者是以新的角度展示产品，并产生广泛的媒体报道的照片宣传噱头。

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人们更容易相信，伟大的创意人士会以某种方式，凭直觉立即得出伟大的想法，而不是认识到，创造力可能是一个混乱、乏味和漫长的过程。

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英国专利局证实了创造力的这种渐进式性质，该局报告称，95%的新专利只是对现有专利的改编。

41.空格前提到“很多人似乎认为创造力指突然产生一个特别聪明、宏大的想法”，这与E选项是对应的，所以该题选择E项。

42.空格后一句提到“想法来自一系列的小步骤或行动（aseriesofsmallstepsormoves）。”，这一句是对A项观点的具体说明和解释，故A项正确。

43.根据该空前一句“回顾你想到的任何想法；准确地回想一下这个想法是如何发展起来的，并追溯它的沿袭”，其中提到了一个人称代词you，所以后面应该还是以第二人称为主，C项正确。

44.后面括号里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents，所以该段第一句是对这个专利的描写，故F项正确。

45.上一段最后一句还提到“任何真正伟大的想法通常都是由一系列渐进的小步骤产生的（aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps），其内在的附加价值大多是在后续的实施中获得的，或者是通过它的销售方式获得的”，接着该段就提到“检查任何产生和使用创造性想法（creativeideas）的活动领域”，可推测，第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句，所以B项正确。

3.单选题

Afewminutesago,walkingbackfromlunch,IstartedtocrossthestreetwhenIheardthesoundofacoindropping.Itwasn’tmuchbutasIturned,myeyescaughttheheadsofseveralotherpeopleturningtoo.Awomanhaddroppedwhatappearedtobeadime.

Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter.Itcanbenothingmorethanapenny.Whateverthecoinis,nooneignoresthesoundofit.Itgotmethinkingaboutsoundsagain.

Wearebesiegedbysomanysoundsthatattractthemostattention.PeopleinNewYorkCity,seldomturntolookwhenafireengine,apolicecaroranambulancecomesscreamingalongthestreet.WhenIaminNewYork,I’maNewYorker.Idon’tturneither.Likethenatives,Ihardlyhearasirenthere.AthomeinmylittletowninConnecticut.It’sdifferent.Thedistantwailofapolicecar,andemergencyvehicleorafiresirenbringsmetomyfeetifI’mseatedandbringsmetothewindowifI’minbed.It’sthequietestsoundsthathavemosteffectonus,nottheloudest.Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors.I’vebeenhearinglittlecreakingnoiseandsoundswhichimaginationturnsintofootstepsinthemiddleofthenightfortwenty-fiveyearsinourhouse.HowcomeIneverhearthosesoundsinthedaytime?I’mquiteclearinmymindwhatthegoodsoundsareandwhatthebadsoundsare.

I’veturnedagainstwhistling,forinstance.IusedtothinkofitasthemarkofahappyworkerbutlatelyI’vebeenassociatingthewhistlerwithanervouspersonmakingcompulsivenoises.

Thetapping,tapping,tappingofmytypewriterasthekeyshitthepaperisalovelysoundtome.IoftenlikethesoundorwhatIwritebetterthanthelooksofit.

1.Thesoundofacoindroppingmakespeople（），

2.PeopleinNewYork（）.

3.Howdoestheauthorrelatetosoundsatnight?

4.Hedislikeswhistlingbecause（

）.

5.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutsoundsingeneral?

问题1选项

A.thinkofmoney

B.lookateachother

C.payattentiontoit

D.stopcrossingthestreet

问题2选项

A.don’tcareaboutemergencies

B.areusedtosirens

C.areattractedbysounds

D.don’thearloudnoises

问题3选项

A.Heimaginessoundsthatdonotexist.

B.Heexaggeratesquietsounds.

C.Hethinkstapsshouldbeturnedoff.

D.Hebelievesit’sratherquietatnight.

问题4选项

A.heistiredofit

B.heusedtobehappier

C.itremindshimoftensepeople

D.hedoesn’tlikeworkers

问题5选项

A.Theymakehimfeelathome.

B.Hethinkstheyshouldbeignored.

C.Hebelievestheyarepartofourlives.

D.Hepreferssilencetoloudnoises.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章第二段第一句Thetinklingsoundofacoindroppingonpavementisanattention-getter可知硬币落地的声音会吸引人们的注意力，选项C符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段第二句和第三句话可知生活在纽约的人已经习惯了像警车、救护车这类型的声音，选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第三段提到Inthemiddleofthenight,Icanhearadrippingtapahundredyardsawaythroughthreecloseddoors，在安静的午夜，他甚至能够听到一百码以外并且还隔了三层门的水管滴水的声音。当然这是一种夸张的说法，选项B符合题意。

第4题:文章倒数第二段提到IusedtothinkofitasthemarkofahappyworkerbutlatelyI’vebeenassociatingthewhistlerwithanervouspersonmakingcompulsivenoises，whistling会让他想起工作紧张的工人。选项C符合题意。

第5题:文章中提到了生活中的各种声音，比如警车的声音、救护车的声音、水管滴水的声音、口哨声、打字机打字的声音等等，都说明声音就是我们生活中的一部分，所以选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.

问题1选项

A.havingimpressed

B.impressed

C.impressing

D.tobeimpressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查过去分词短语做定语。填空处句子为插入语，句子结构需完整，所以要用分词或者动名词形成独立主格结构。首先排除选项A和D。impress和me之间为被动关系，所以用分词，选项B正确。句意：家乡的文化特色给童年时代的我留下了深刻的印象，对指导我职业生涯的哲学思想产生了深远的影响。

5.单选题

Dr.Goebbelswrotethat“wedonotbelongtothosedreamersandillusionistswhoprophesythecollapseoftheBritishEmpiretomorrow”.

问题1选项

A.swear

B.condemn

C.predict

D.crave

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.swear咒骂，诅咒B.condemn谴责，指责

C.predict预言D.crave渴望，热望

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】prophesy的意思为“预告，预言”，指的是我们不是空想家和魔术师，对大英帝国的未来进行预言，predict与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】戈培尔博士写道，我们不是那种预言大英帝国明天就要瓦解的空想家和魔术师。

6.单选题

Johnoftensitsinasmallbar,drinkingandsmokingconsiderablymore（）.

问题1选项

A.thanthatheishealthy

B.thangoodforhishealth

C.thanhishealthcould

D.thanisgoodforhishealth

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他坐在一个小酒吧里喝酒吸烟,在思考着什么是对他的健康更有好处的。这里实际上在than的后面省略了关系代词what。

7.单选题

问题1选项

A.Jack’spersonality.

B.Jack’sappearance.

C.Jack’scareer.

D.Jack’sage.

【答案】D

【解析】8.M:Jenny.IknowyoulikeJackalot.Butwhatdoyoulikeabouthim?

W:He’sgentle,patientandmature.Ithinkhe’smyMr.Right.

M:Matureisagoodword.Don’tyouthinkhe’salittleoldforyou?He’salmosttwiceasoldasyouare.

Q:Whatisthemanconcernedabout?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：这个男人担心什么？由文中“Butwhatdoyoulikeabouthim（但你喜欢他哪点呢）”和“He’salmosttwiceasoldasyouare.（他的年龄比你大一倍）”，推测可知D选项“Jack’sage（杰克的年龄）”符合原文。A选项“杰克的性格”；B选项“杰克的外表”；C选项“杰克的事业”不符合原文。

8.单选题

Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina（）ontherailwayyesterday.

问题1选项

A.collision

B.collaboration

C.corrosion

D.confrontation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项collision“碰撞，冲突”，B项collaboration“合作”，C项corrosion“腐蚀”，D项confrontation“对抗，面对”。把四个选项分别代入句子中，可知只有collision符合。句意：据报道，昨天有30人在铁路相撞中丧生。因此，该题选择A项正确。

9.单选题

Hethinksaboutnothingbutplaybilliard.He'scompletelyaddictedtoit.

问题1选项

A.ascribedto

B.hookedupto

C.indulgedin

D.tendedto

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他只想着打台球，完全沉迷其中。addictedto意为“沉迷于……”。ascribedto归因于；hookedupto连接到；indulgedin沉溺于；tendedto倾向于。选项C与之意思最为相近。

10.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.configuration布局；结构B.constitution构成

C.condemnation谴责D.contamination污染

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】这里的ratherthan表示“而不是”的意思。句意为有机化学物来自……而不是来自火星上的真菌。根据句子逻辑，应该是有机化学物来自地球上的污染。D“污染”符合逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】现在，《科学》杂志上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化学物质主要来自地球上的污染，而不是火星上的细菌。

11.单选题

Totakerevengeofthedefeatlastyear,eachplayerwasmakinghis（）towinthematch.Eventheirfanswerecheeringforthem.

问题1选项

A.setback

B.endeavor

C.remnant

D.distinction

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。setback挫败，退步；endeavor努力，尝试；remnant剩余；distinction区别，差别。句意：为了弥补去年的失败，每个运动员都在努力赢得比赛。甚至他们的球迷也在为他们欢呼。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday（）.

问题1选项

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。introduction“介绍，前言，入门”；advertisement“广告”；book“书”；brochure“小册子，手册”。句意：由于你准备度假，我建议你去旅行社找本假日手册。选项D符合题意。

13.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(1)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.

Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof”.Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(2)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.

Anthropologyisafieldstudyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.(3)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirsthand,combinedwithacrossculturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.(4)Tylordefinedcultureas“...thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.(5)Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.

【答案】1.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，然后让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

2.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

3.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

4.泰勒把文化定义为“……是一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他能力和习惯”。

5.因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

14.单选题

Itisnotconsidered______tolitterinpublic.

问题1选项

A.respectful

B.respective

C.respected

D.respectable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项respectful“恭敬的”，指尊敬他人；B选项respective“分别的”，指各自分别的；C选项respected“受尊敬的”，指受到别人尊敬；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的”，指值得别人尊敬，有好名声。句意：在公共场所乱扔垃圾被认为是值得尊敬的。本句表示乱扔垃圾不值得别人尊敬。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Thepilotfeltsomething______wrongwiththeenginejustbeforetheplanetookoff.

问题1选项

A.go

B.went

C.wasgoing

D.togo

【答案】A

【解析】考查感官动词。句意：就在飞机起飞前，飞行员觉得引擎出了问题。feel是感官动词，后面接动词原形或ing形式。其他三项动词形式错误。因此A选项正确。

16.单选题

Hisproposalis______toallofusandyoudonotneedtotellusmoreaboutit.

问题1选项

A.apparent

B.appearing

C.approaching

D.apart

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项apparent“明白易懂的；未必真实的”；B选项appearing“表现得；似乎”；C选项approaching“（在距离或时间上）靠近”；D选项apart“（指空间或时间）相隔”。句意：他的建议我们大家都______，你不需要进一步说明。根据语境，这里指大家都明白了他的建议是怎么回事，A选项apparent“明白易懂的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Scientistsspeculatethat（）populationgrowthanddwindlingresourcesmayforcehumanbeingstolooktotheseaforfood.

问题1选项

A.unavoidable

B.unexpected

C.unrestrained

D.uncommon

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。unavoidable不可避免的；unexpected意外的，意想不到的；unrestrained无限制的；uncommon不常见的。由后面的结果“人类将转到海洋去寻求食物”可推知原因是无限制的人口增长以及资源的不断减少。故C项正确。句意：科学家预测无限制的人口增长以及不断减少的自然资源将迫使人类往海洋寻求食物。

18.单选题

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

问题1选项

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪费,慷慨给予;extravert使思想外倾;impose征税,强加;vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。

19.单选题

A1994WorldBankreportconcludedthat_______girlsinschoolwasprobablythesinglemosteffectiveanti-povertypolicyinthedevelopingworldtoday.

问题1选项

A.enrolling

B.assigning

C.involving

D.consenting

【答案】A

【解析】enrolling招收,参加;assigning指派,分配;involving牵涉,使参与;consenting允许,赞成。句意：世界银行1994年的一份报告得出结论：招收女童入学可能是当今发展中世界最有效的反贫困政策。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Theteacher'roleisnotsimplyto（）knowledgetostudent;heshouldalsosetagoodexampleforthem.

问题1选项

A.provide

B.impart

C.share

D.stretch

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义解析。provide“提供”；impart“传授，给予”；share“分享，分担”，stretch“伸展，消耗”。句意：教师的责任不仅仅是给学生传授知识，也应该树立起一个好的榜样。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify表示“澄清，阐明”；B选项identify表示“确定，鉴定，识别”；C选项justify表示“证明合法，替……辩护”；D选项magnify表示“方大，赞美，夸大”。

由句意可知，购票者可以在网上购票平台确定附加费。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

22.单选题

Historybeforetheemergenceofwritingaround3,000B.C.receivesbrieftreatment,（）itconstitutes99.9%ofthefive-million-yearhistoryofthehumanspecies.

问题1选项

A.because

B.although

C.that

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。空格前句提到书写于公元前3000年左右的历史知识得到了简短的称述，空格后句提到这个时间的历史构成了人类500万年历史的99.9%，所以前后两句是让步关系，选用让步连词although，选项B符合题意。

23.单选题

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant（）ofAmericanlife.

问题1选项

A.facets

B.formats

C.formulas

D.fashions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项facets“方面”；B选项formats“构成”；C选项formulas“方案”；D选项fashions“风尚”。句意：这本书是关于这些基本信念和价值观如何影响美国生活的重要方面。本句表示美国生活的重要方面。因此A选项正确。

24.翻译题

(1)Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandactionthatweneverrecognizetheassumptionscmwhichtheirlivesandtheirsanityrest.Asoneobserverputit,ifbirdsweresuddenlyendowedwithscientificcuriositytheymightexaminemanythings,buttheskyitselfwouldbeoverlookedasasuitablesubject:iffishweretobecomecuriousabouttheworld,itwouldneveroccurtothemtobeginbyinvestigatingwater.(2)Forbirdsandfishwouldtaketheskyandseaforgranted,unawareoftheirprofoundinfluencebecausetheycomprisethemediumforeveryfact.Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.Somuchsothattheyrarelynoticethatthewaystheyinterpretandtalkabouteventsaredistinctivelydifferentfromthewayspeopleconducttheiraffairsinothercultures.

Aslongaspeopleremainblindtothesourcesoftheirmeanings,theyareimprisonedwithinthem.Theseculturalframesofreferencearenolessconfiningsimplybecausetheycannotbeseenortouched.(3)Whetheritisanindividualneurosisthatkeepsanindividualoutofcontactwithhisneighbors,oracollectiveneurosisthatseparatesneighborsofdifferentcultures,bothareformsofblindnessthatlimitwhatcanbeexperiencedandwhatcanbelearnedfromothers.

Itwouldseemthateverywherepeoplewoulddesiretobreakoutoftheboundariesoftheirownexperientialworlds.Theirabilitytoreactsensitivelytoawiderspectrumofeventsandpeoplesrequiresanovercomingofsuchculturalparochialism.But,infact,fewattainthisbroadervision.(4)Some,ofcourse,havelittleopportunityforwiderculturalexperience,thoughthisconditionshouldchangeasthemovementofaccelerates.Othersdonottrytowidentheirexperiencebecausetheyprefertheoldandfamiliar,seekfromtheiraffairsonlyfurtherconfirmationofthecorrectnessoftheirownvalues.Stillothersrecoilfromsuchexperiencesbecausetheyfeelitdangeroustoprobetoodeeplyintothepersonalorculturalunconscious.(5)Exposuremayrevealhowtenuousandarbitrarymanyculturalnormsare;suchexposuremightforcepeopletoacquirenewbasesforinterpretingevents.Andevenforthemanywhodoseekactivelytoenlargethevarietyofhumanbeingswithwhomtheyarecapableofcommunicatingtherearestilldifficulties.

Culturalmyopiapersistsnotmerelybecauseofinertiaandhabit,butchieflybecauseitissodifficulttoovercome.Oneacquiresapersonalityandacultureinchildhood,longbeforeheiscapableofcomprehendingeitherofthem.Tosurvive,eachpersonmasterstheperceptualorientations,cognitivebiases,andcommunicativehabitsofhisownculture.Butoncemastered,objectiveassessmentofthesesameprocessesisawkwardsincethesamemechanismsthatarebeingevaluatedmustbeusedinmakingtheevaluations.

【答案】（1）文化规范完全围绕在人们的周围，渗透在人们的思想和行为中，以至于我们从来没有意识到他们生活和精神正常所依赖的那些假设。

（2）因为鸟和鱼会认为天空和大海是理所当然的，他们没有意识到它们的深远影响，因为它们构成了每一个事实的媒介。

（3）无论是使一个人与他的邻居失去联系的个体神经症，还是将不同文化的邻居分开的集体神经症，都是一种限制了人们可以体验和从他人那里学到什么的失明形式。

（4）当然，有些人几乎没有机会获得更广泛的文化体验，不过这种情况应该随着移民运动的加速而改变。

（5）暴露可能揭示出许多文化规范是多么脆弱和武断；这种接触可能会迫使人们获得解释事件的新基础。

25.翻译题

1.Ahealthysystemofhighereducationoffersmanyrewards:scientificdiscoveries,eventualandevenunforeseenapplications,thoughtfulpoliticalleadership,intelligentpublicdiscourse,culturalvitality,andaneducatedworkforce.Higherlearningservesseveralgoalsincoordination,goalsthataremutuallyreinforcing.Theaimsareatoncepersonalandsocial,privateandpublic,economic,ethical,andintellectual.Ofcourse,highereducationhasautilitarianfunction.Inthatregard,asRobertBellah（罗伯特·贝拉）states,itpossesses"itsownlegitimacy".Yet,itiscrucialtocombineandintegratethatfunctionwithotheraimsandends,withwhatBellahcalls"educationforthedevelopmentofcharacter,citizenship,andculture.''

2.Whileitistruethatlivingorganismsareprofoundlyaffectedbytheirenvironment,itisequallyimportanttorememberthatmanyorganismsarealsocapableofalteringtheirhabitantsignificantly,sometimeslimitingtheirowngrowth.Theinfluenceofthebiologicalcomponentofanecosystemisoftengreaterinfreshwatersthanthatinmarineorterrestrialsystems,becauseofthesmallsizeofmanyfreshwaterbodies.

【答案】1.健康的高等教育系统提供许多奖励：科学发现（最终甚至不可预见的应用）、深思熟虑的政治领导、智慧的公共演讲、文化活力以及受过教育的劳动力。高等院校有以下几个协调目标,这几个目标是相辅相成的。其目的在于个人与社会，私人和公共，经济、道德和智力之间的协调。当然，高等教育具有实用功能。在这方面，正如罗伯特·贝拉指出的那样，它拥有"自己的合法性"。然而，关键是要结合和整合其他意图和目的的功能，就像贝拉所呼吁的那样"教育为品格、公民身份和文化的发展服务"。

2.尽管生物会深受其环境的影响是确凿无疑的，但同样重要的是，我们应记住，许多生物也能极大地改变它们的栖息地，从而在某些情况下限制着它们自身的生长。某一生态系统中的生物组成部分的影响在淡水环境中往往要比在海洋或陆地系统中大，因为淡水中许多生物体的身体尺寸都很小。

26.单选题

I’msorry（

）solong.IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen.

问题1选项

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答案】D

【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。

语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“tohavekeptyouwaiting”正确。

27.单选题

Itwasnotuntilshearrivedinclass______realizedshehadforgottenherbook.

问题1选项

A.andshe

B.she

C.whenshe

D.thatshe

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.andshe并且她B.she她

C.whenshe当她D.thatshe她

【考查点】强调句。

【解题思路】根据前文的notuntil可知，itwasnotuntil…that…是强调句句型，表示“直到……才”，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项均不是强调句。

【句意】直到她到了教室才意识到她忘记带书了。

28.单选题

Thisisanexcitingareaofstudy,andone________whichnewapplicationsarebeingdiscoveredalmostdaily.

问题1选项

A.from

B.by

C.in

D.through

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词词义辨析。A选项“从……地方”；B选项“通过……”；C选项“在……里面”；D选项“穿过，凭借”。句意：这是一个令人激动的学习领域，（）这里几乎每天都能发现新的应用。根据新应用是在某个领域里面被发现，所以答案选C。

29.单选题

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancesto