考研考博-英语-北京社会管理职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京社会管理职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thismethod________myheadache.Itreallytakeseffect.

问题1选项

A.soothes

B.sobers

C.soars

D.soaks

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。soothes“安慰，缓和”；sobers“使严肃，使清醒”；soars“上升，高耸”；soaks“浸泡，渗透”。句意：这种方法减轻了我的头痛，真的起了作用。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Ourattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe（）,butnotslavishorsuperstitious.

问题1选项

A.respectable

B.respected

C.respective

D.respectful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的”；B选项respected“受尊敬的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：我们对待老师的态度应该是恭敬的，但却不应该是盲从的或迷信的。根据句中“Ourattitudetowardourteacher我们对待老师的态度”可知“恭敬的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

WhenPrivacyInternational,ahumanrightswatchdoggroup,startedsearchingforthefavoritesforitsannualawardfor“mostinvasivecompany,”threenomineeswerejudgedaspotentiallyeligibleforatrophyfeaturingalace-upshoecrushingahead.FollowUs,anewmobilephonetrackingcompanyinBritain,didn’tgettheboot,butitwassingledoutasarunner-upbecauseitisinthevanguardofemergingcompaniesthatpermitacuriousbosstotrackwanderingworkersinthefieldbystandardcellphonesandcomputers.

Thefear,saysSimonDavies,ofPrivacyInternational,isthattelephonetrackingcouldposeamajorprivacyissueforthefutureastechnologyadvances.Thenumberofmobileemployeeswhoworkoutsidetheofficeisrisingsteadilyandisexpectedtoreachalmost100millioninEuropeby2007.Soit’snosurprisethatprivacyadvocatesandsomeunionsarewarythatthenewtoolscouldbeusedasthedigitalequivalentofroamingsweatshops,withemployeesunderconstantwatch.Inthe18monthssinceFollowUswascreated,thecompanyhassolditsservicestomorethan20,000users,mostlymanagersofsmallbusinesseswhoarelookingforinexpensivealternativestotheGlobalPositionalSystem,accordingtoKevinBrown,thecompany’soperationsdirector.

ButBrownsaid:“Itisnotallaboutkeepinganeyeonpeople.Therearebenefits.Weknowofonecasewherealogisticscompanyimplementedthesolutionafteroneoftheirdriversdiedinhislorryafterhavingaheartattackwhileparkedasleep.Ittookthemtwodaystofindandrecovertheguy.”FollowUsisalreadylayinggroundworktoexpandtoGermany,theNetherlandsandItaly,whereBrownsaidlocalregulationsweremorereceptivethaninFrance,whichinterpretsEuropeanUnionprivacyrulesmorestrictly.Brownsaidthatemployeesmustconsenttobetrackedafterreceivingatelephonetextmessage.Davies,ofPrivacyInternational,takesadimviewofsuchconsent.“It’sabitliketheofferyoucan'trefuse,”hesaid.“It’sagodfathersituation,where,inordertogainemployment,youhavetoacceptunfavorableconditions.”Headvisescompaniestousethetechniqueswithcautionandcandor.“Theruleofthumb，”hesaid,“istomakepeoplewanttouseit,givethemareasonforitandrespectthem.”

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofFollowUs?

2.ComparedwithGlobalPositioningSystem,FollowUsServices（

）.

3.Theexampleofadriverwhodiedinhislorryemphasizesthe

（

）

ofFollowUs

services.

4.Daviesbelievesthattherequirementforemployeeconsent

（

）.

5.Themainideaofthepassagemaybesummarizedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.Itisoneofthefirstcompaniesthatprovidetrackingservices.

B.Ithascausedconsiderableconcernfromhumanrightsgroups.

C.Itischosenasthe“mostinvasivecompany”byPrivacyInternational.

D.Ithasdevelopedanewtechnologytotrackworkersbymobilephone.

问题2选项

A.causemoreprivacyproblem

B.costemployerslessmoney

C.boastgreateraccuracy

D.takelesspeopletooperate

问题3选项

A.inconvenience

B.problem

C.effectiveness

D.necessity

问题4选项

A.mayprotectprivacytoalimitedextent

B.cannotbeeffectivelyimplementedinreality

C.shouldbeusedwithcaution

D.isnotcompatiblewithcompanyrules

问题5选项

A.FollowUs—ANewServicewithProblems

B.FollowUs—RapidSpreadinEurope

C.FollowUs―LatestFashioninTech

D.FollowUs—CrossandBenefits

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的FollowUs,anewmobilephonetrackingcompanyinBritain,didn’tgettheboot,butitwassingledoutasarunner-up（FollowUs是英国一家新成立的移动电话追踪公司，虽然没有获得这一殊荣，但它被选为亚军）可知FollowUs并没有获得冠军，因此C选项“它被国际隐私组织选为‘最具侵略性的公司’”表示不正确。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的thecompanyhassolditsservicestomorethan20,000users,mostlymanagersofsmallbusinesseswhoarelookingforinexpensivealternativestotheGlobalPositionalSystem（该公司已经将其服务卖给了20000多个用户，其中大多数是小企业的经理，他们正在寻找全球定位系统的廉价替代品）可知B选项“雇主花费更少的钱”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Therearebenefits.Weknowofonecasewherealogisticscompanyimplementedthesolutionafteroneoftheirdriversdiedinhislorryafterhavingaheartattackwhileparkedasleep.Ittookthemtwodaystofindandrecovertheguy.（这是有好处的。我们知道有一个案例，一家物流公司的一名司机在停车睡觉时心脏病发作，死在卡车上后实施了这个解决方案。他们花了两天时间才找到那个人）可知举例为了说明FollowUs具有好的作用，因此C选项“有效性”符合题意

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Davies,ofPrivacyInternational,takesadimviewofsuchconsent.（国际隐私组织的Davies对这种同意持悲观态度）可知B选项“不能在现实中有效实施”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了FollowUs公司的性质；第二三段介绍了国际隐私组织的Davies对FollowUs公司追踪系统影响人的隐私的担忧，以及FollowUs公司运营总监Brown对自己公司产品带来的好处的介绍。因此D选项“FollowUs—使人恼怒但能带来好处”符合题意。

4.单选题

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

问题1选项

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副词词义辨析。A选项only表示“仅仅，只有”，B选项quite表示“相当；非常；很”，C选项narrowly表示“狭窄地；勉强地，以毫厘之差，仔细地”，D选项seldom表示“很少，不常”。由句意可知，我到飞机场非常晚，差点儿误机。因此，只有C项最符合原句语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

5.单选题

Thedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemaleofthisspeciesbecomemore（）withage.

问题1选项

A.divisible

B.pronounced

C.dictated

D.assured

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。这一物种雄性和雌性之间的差异随着年龄的增加变得越发（）。

divisible可分的，可分割的；pronounced显著的，断然的，讲出来的；dictated口述的；assured确定的，自信的。此题中与“差异”搭配的形容词，只有选项B“显著的”符合句意。

6.单选题

ThetraditionalAmericanThanksgivingdaycelebration（1）to1621.

（2）

thatyearaspecialfeastwaspreparedinPlymouth,Massachusetts.Thecolonistswho

（3）

therehadleftEnglandbecausetheyfelt

（4）ofreligiousfreedom.Theycametothe

（5）

andfaceddifficultiesin

（6）

theocean.Theshipwhich

（7）

themwascalledMayflower.TheNorthAtlanticwasdifficulttotravel.Therewerebadstorms.Theywere（8）

inlearningtoliveinthenewearthbytheIndianswho

（9）

theregion.Thepuritans,

（10）

theywerecalled,hadmuchtobethankful

（11）

.Theirreligiouspracticeswere

（12）

longerasourceofcriticismbythegovernment.Theylearnedto

（13）

theirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoil.

（14）

theyselectedthefourthThursdayofNovemberfortheirThanksgiving

（15）

,theyinvitedtheir

（16）

,theIndians,tojointhemindinnerand

（17）

ofgratitudeforthenewlife.Theyrecalledthegroupof102men,womenandchildrenwholeft

（18）

.Theyrememberedtheir

（19）

whodidnotseetheshoreofMassachusetts.They

（20）

the65days’journeywhichhadtestedtheirstrength.

问题1选项

A.dates

B.starts

C.returns

D.goesback

问题2选项

A.In

B.At

C.During

D.For

问题3选项

A.didn’tsettle

B.weresettled

C.settle

D.oncesettled

问题4选项

A.refused

B.denied

C.rejected

D.declined

问题5选项

A.newcity

B.newstate

C.newland

D.newcountry

问题6选项

A.goingto

B.haulingto

C.comingacross

D.deportingbeyond

问题7选项

A.loaded

B.led

C.carried

D.packed

问题8选项

A.assisted

B.obliged

C.invited

D.permitted

问题9选项

A.resided

B.dwelt

C.inhabited

D.lived

问题10选项

A.since

B.like

C.for

D.as

问题11选项

A.for

B.to

C.of

D.at

问题12选项

A.no

B.not

C.much

D.any

问题13选项

A.form

B.develop

C.get

D.adjust

问题14选项

A.While

B.When

C.So

D.If

问题15选项

A.tradition

B.celebration

C.mark

D.anniversary

问题16选项

A.relatives

B.friends

C.neighbors

D.comrades

问题17选项

A.anhonor

B.asong

C.agift

D.aprayer

问题18选项

A.England

B.Holland

C.Britain

D.them

问题19选项

A.friends

B.dead

C.ancestors

D.relatives

问题20选项

A.refreshedthemselveswith

B.wererememberedfor

C.reflectedon

D.recalledhow

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:C

第17题:D

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。gobackto意为“追溯到”。

（2）考查介词搭配。in后常接年，或月，或日期。

（3）考查时态。此处表示曾经定居在那儿的殖民者，由后面的hadleft可知用过去时态，因此选D。

（4）考查动词辨析。refuse意为“拒绝”，后面一般接todosth.；deny意为“否认，否定”；reject意为“拒绝接收”；decline意为“谢绝，婉拒”。feltdeniedofreligiousfreedom意为“感觉被否认了宗教信仰的自由”。

（5）考查上下文语义。由前文可知他们是为宗教自由，而来到这里，根据当时的历史背景，他们来的这个地方还处于未被开发的地方，以及后文中的“thenewearth”可知newland指的是美洲大陆，是由哥伦布发现的“新大陆”。

（6）考查固定搭配。此处表示他们面临着横跨海洋的困难。comeacross意为“横跨”；haulingto意为“拖至”；deportbeyond意为“驱逐出境”。

（7）考查动词辨析。carry意为“携带，运送”；load意为“负载，负荷”；lead意为“带路，领路”；pack意为“包装”。

（8）考查动词辨析。assist意为“帮助”；oblige意为“强迫”；invite意为“邀请”；permit意为“允许，准许”。

（9）考查动词辨析。inhabit意为“居住于（某地）”，表示指人或动植物生活在某个地区，并已适应该地区的特殊环境；reside/dwell/livein意为“居住”。

（10）考查关系代词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，as意为“如同”。

（11）考查固定搭配。bethankfulforsth.意为“对某事心存感激”。

（12）考查固定搭配。nolonger意为“不再”。此处表示宗教活动不再是政府的谴责之源。

（13）考查固定搭配。adjust...to意为“改变……以适应”。

（14）考查连词。由句中的select和invite可知两个动词都是短暂性动作，因此只能用when来引导时间状语从句。

（15）考查名词辨析。celebration意为“庆祝”；tradition意为“传统”；mark意为“标记”；anniversary意为“周年纪念日”。

（16）考查名词辨析。neighbor意为“邻居”；relative意为“亲戚”；friend意为“朋友”；comrade意为“同志”。

（17）考查名词辨析。aprayerofgratitudeforthenewlife意为“对新生活感恩的祈祷”。

（18）考查上下文语义。由前文中的“Thecolonists...hadleftEngland”可知此处指的是离开英格兰的102人。

（19）考查上下文语义。由前文内容可知到达这片新大陆的过程中困难重重，此处表示他们缅怀的是未能到达死去的人。

（20）考查固定搭配。reflecton意为“回忆”。

7.单选题

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

问题1选项

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项malpractice“玩忽职守”；C选项integration“集成，综合”；D选项disintegration“瓦解，崩溃”。题干说到，西方冲击了孔子思想指示破坏了秩序的本事，可推测空中应该填入一个表示坏结果的词，A，C可排除。B选项在不符合题意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通过新的王朝权力集中来解决之前，西方影响所带来的儒家信仰的知识危机破坏了社会秩序本身，它因其政治机构的……而变得更加脆弱。因此D选项正确。

8.问答题

(A)Defineambitionandyouinstantly(B)revealagreatdealaboutyourself:Eventhatmostneutralofworks,Webster's,initsSeventhNewCollegiateEdition,(C)givesitselfoff,(D)definingambitionfirstandforemostas“anardentdesireforrank,fameandpower.”

【答案】C；改成givesitselfaway

9.单选题

IfthereisonethinginterpretersworkingfortheEuropeanUniondread,itisattemptsathumour.Itisnotjustthatjokesarehardtotranslate;becauseofthetimeneededforinterpretation,theycanpromptlaughteratthewrongmoment.Aspeakeroncebeganwithananecdote,andthenmournedadeadcolleague—tobemetbyagaleofgiggles,aslistenersgothisjoke.

Thetime-lagshavegrownworsewiththeexpansionoftheEU,tomakeatotalof25countries.FindinginterpreterswhocantranslatedirectlyfromEstoniantoPortugueseiswell-nighimpossible.Sonowspeechesaretranslatedinrelays,firstintoEnglishandthenintoathirdlanguage.Ifonlyeverybodywouldagreetospeakoneortwoofficialtongues,itwouldbeeasier.Orwouldit?Infact,misunderstandingscanaboundevenwhenallpartiesspeakfluentEnglishorFrench.Culturaldifferencesmeanthataliteralunderstandingofwhatsomeonesaysisoftenaworldawayfromrealunderstanding.Forexample,howmanynon-Britscoulddecodetheirony(andliteraryallusion)whichliesbehindtheexpression“uptoapoint”,whichisusedtomean“no,notintheslightest”?

TheproblemisnowsowidelyrecognizedthatinformalguidestowhattheFrenchortheEnglishreallymean,whentheyarespeakingtheirmothertongues,havebeendrawnupbyothernationalities.

OnehaswrittenfortheDutch,tryingtodobusinesswithBritish.AnotherwaswrittenbyBritishdiplomats,asaguidetothelanguageusedbytheirFrenchcounterparts.ThefactthattheDutch—soeerilyfluentinEnglish—shouldneedaguidetoBrit-speakisparticularlystriking.Buttheproblem—tojudgebytheguide,whichwasspottedonanofficewallintheEuropeanCourtofJustice—isthatBritsmaketheirpointsinanindirectmannerthattheplain-speakingNederlandersfindbaffling.

Hencetheguide’swarningthatwhenaBritonsays“Ihearwhatyousay”,theforeignlistenermayunderstand:“Heacceptsmypointofview.”Infact,theBritishspeakermeans:“IdisagreeandIdonotwanttodiscussitanyfurther.”Similarlythephrase“withthegreatestrespect”whenusedbyanEnglishmanisrecognizabletoacompatriotasanicyput-down,correctlytranslatedbytheguideasmeaning“Ithinkyouarewrong,orafool.”

TheBritish,theFrenchandtheDutchareoldsparringpartnerswhoknoweachother’slittleways.Sothecapacityformisunderstandingisamplifiedwhennationalitiesthatarelessfamiliarwitheachothercomeintocontact.Oftentheproblemsarelesstodowiththemeaningofwordsthantheirunexpectedimpactonanaudience.TaketheEuropeansummitlastDecember,whenitfelltoSilvioBerlusconi,theItalianprimeminister,totrytowrapupsensitivenegotiationsoveraproposedconstitutionfortheEuropeanUnion.

WhenEUleadersfiledintolunch,theywerebracedfortoughnegotiation;sotheywerestartledwhenMr.Berlusconisuggestedthattheydiscuss“footballandwomen”—andthatGerhardSchroder,theGermanchancellor,shouldleadthediscuss,ashehasbeenmarriedfourtimes.SomeEuropeandiplomatsconcludethatMr.BerlusconimusthavebeendeliberatelybatingMr.Schroder.ButwhentheItalianleaderwasquestionedabouthischairmanshipatapressconference,hegrewhotunderthecollar,pointingoutthathewouldhardlyhavebecomeabillionaireunlesshewerefullycapableofchairingameeting.AndindeedhisdefenderssaythatinItalianbusinesscirclesitcanbeperfectlynormaltosetajocularandrelaxedtonebeforeadifficultmeeting,bydiscussinglastnight’sfootball,oreventeasingyourcolleaguesabouttheirlovelives.

ThesesortsofmisunderstandingsareunlikelytobeerasedevenifallEurope’spoliticalleadersandbureaucratswerebothwillingandabletospeakEnglish.Butever-inventiveBrusselsiscomingupwithasolutionofsortsthroughtheemergenceof“Euro-speak”—aformofdead,bureaucraticEnglish.

1.AccordingtoParagraphs1and2,whichstatementisTRUE?

2.WhydotheDutchneedaguidetoBrit-speak?

3.Whatdoes“theywerebracedfortoughnegotiation”probablymeaninParagraph7?

4.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph8?

5.Selectatitleforthisarticle:（）.

问题1选项

A.Interpretersdreadjokesbecausetheytakemoretimetotranslate.

B.Despitealittledifficulty，translatorsbetweenanytwolanguagesspokenintheEUcountriescanstillbefound.

C.TheproblemsbetweenEUcountriescanbesolvediftheycandecideononeortwoofficiallanguages.

D.Thestatement“Iunderstand,uptoapoint”means“Idon’tunderstandatall”.

问题2选项

A.TheDutchdon’tspeakEnglishverywell.

B.ApreciseunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguageisrequiredinacourtoflaw.

C.LiteralunderstandingofBrit-speakcanoftenbemisleading.

D.ComparedwithDutchBrit-speakismorecomplicatedintermsofsentencestructure.

问题3选项

A.Theyweresurroundedbypeoplewhowantedtonegotiatewiththem.

B.Theywereexhaustedbecauseofthetoughnegotiation.

C.Theyweregladtohaveabreakfromthetoughnegotiation.

D.Theywerereadytohavemoretoughnegotiation.

问题4选项

A.SilvioBerlusconididn’tlikeGerhardSchroderbecausehedidn’ttakemarriageseriously.

B.SilvioBerlusconiwasincompetentaschairmanofameeting.

C.SilvioBerlusconifeltexcitedwhenquestionedabouthischairmanship*

D.SilvioBerlusconihadbeenabusinessman.

问题5选项

A.IUnderstand，UptoaPoint

B.IHearWhatYouSay

C.TheProblemofTranslation

D.Euro-speak

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章第二段最后一句theexpression“uptoapoint”，whichisusedtomean“no,notintheslightest”提到uptoapoint的意思其实就是“no,notintheslightest”,所以选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章第四段最后一句话“isthatBritsmaketheirpointsinanindirectmannerthattheplain-speakingNederlandersfindbaffling.”提到由于文化背景的不同，英国人喜欢用一种委婉的方式来表达自己的观点，这样导致其他国家的人会产生误解，所以选项C符合题意。

第3题:根据文章上下文可知，参加欧洲峰会的各个国家的领导人已经做好了迎接艰难协商的准备，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:文章倒数第二段讲述了意大利领导人Mr.Berlusconi想通过谈论“足球与女人”来缓和气氛，然而却没有顾及到结过四次婚的德国总理而使得场面尴尬，他的辩护者称意大利商人爱开玩笑非常正常andindeedhisdefenderssaythatinItalianbusinesscirclesitcanbeperfectlynormaltosetajocular，再根据hegrewhotunderthecollar,pointingoutthathewouldhardlyhavebecomeabillionaireunlesshewerefullycapableofchairingameeting”可以推断Mr.Berlusconi以前是位商人。选项D符合题意。

第5题:文章主要讨论的是欧盟各个国家由于文化的不同而容易误解，选项A符合题意：看起来理解了，其实完全理解反了。

10.单选题

EconomyTerrorizedFromWallStreettoMainStreet,Layoffs,Losses,andLittleHopeThepopularwordinbusinessbeforeSeptember11was“visibility”.Companyaftercompanycomplainedabouttheirgloomyfuturebecauseoftheworseningeconomy.Now,though,corporateAmericahasaclearvisionoftheimmediatefuture—andit’snotagoodone.“Theattackhasturnedthebusinessworldupsidedown,”saysDianeSwonk,chiefeconomistatBankOneinChicago.

Companieshavebeenawareofthepossiblelossduetotheterrorattacks.Firmsdirectlyaffectedbythehorror,suchasBoeingandMarriott,warnedoflowerprofits.Airlinelayoffsalonewilltop100,000,pushingsomeanalyststosayasmanyasonemillionworkersmaylosetheirjobsbecauseofthepost-attackrepercussions.OnCapitolHill,LawmakersandtheBushadministrationbeganpreparinganeconomicemergencyresponse.“Thefoundationsofourfreesocietyremainsound,andIamconfidentthatwewillrecoverandprosperaswehaveinthepast,”FederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspantoldCongress.

AchiefexecutiveofFrontierAirlinesinDenverlastweekannounceda20percentflightreductionandlargescalelayoffs.

OnWallStreet,marketstumbledamidthelikelihoodofrecessionandwar:TheDowJonesindustrialaveragefellnearly700pointsMonday.“It’snolongeraboutearningsortheeconomyorinterestratesanymore,”saysMorganStanleymarketstrategistPeterCanelo.“It’saboutfear.”

SomeobserversbelieveWashington’sresponsecouldbeeffectivetopreventfurthereconomydeterioration.“Therecoverycouldbemuchsmootherthanexpectedduetothefiscalandmonetarystimuluswe’reinstorefor,”saysRichardWeiss,chiefinvestmentofficerforCityNationalBank.

RestoringconsumerconfidenceisatoppriorityforGreenspanandCongress,giventhatconsumerspendingaccountsforabouttwothirdsofthenation’stotaloutput.Tothatend,theFedhasbeenfloodingthemarketswithcash.Congress,meanwhile,isawashinplanstospendmoney,drawingdownthe$153billionSocialSecuritysurplus.There’seventalkoffurthertaxcuts.

TheeconomicdevastationoftheworstdisasteronAmericansoilisfarandwide.Lastweek,individualindustriesbegantoestimatetheloss.

Airlines

While“recessionsarebadfortheairlineindustry,terrorismisworse,”saysaseniorvicepresidentataviationconsultantsAvitas.Nowbothareseriousproblemsforairliners,asheavilyindebtedandcash-poorcompaniesareseeingadrasticreductioninbookings.Someplanesareflyinglessthanhalffull.Expertspredictthatthiswillputsomeairlinersoutofbusinessandthetotalindustrylosseswillamountto$10billionbytheendofnextyear.

When—andif—theindustryrecovers,itwillhavebeenfundamentallychanged.Passengersmightfindfewerflightsoverallandlimitedservicetosmallerairports,asairlinesfocusonlarge,profitablehubs(交通枢纽).

Oil

AsU.S.navalforcesheadedoutfromNorfolktowardtheMiddleEast，theoilmarketwasnervousbutfocusedasmuchonrecessionasonthethreatofwar.Crudepricessliddownwardduetothepredictedeconomicslowdownandadropinairtravelwhichwouldreducedemand.Still,withtheprospectofarmedconflictveryreal,analystsseeconsiderableriskofhigherenergyprices,especiallywhenthewarmightinvolveIraq,anoil-producingcountry.

ButMichaelLynchoftheresearchfirmDRI-WEFAsaidthatdespitedecreasingdemand,theterrorattackhadproducedan“uncertaintyeffect”thatwouldpossiblydriveoilpriceshigherintheweeksahead.Lynchsaidthatoilcompaniesandlargeindustrialusersofoilverylikelywouldattempttobuildtheirinventoriesamiduncertainty.

Retailing

Manyshoppersstayedhomeduringtheweekoftheattack.FederatedDepartmentStores，whichownsBloomingdale’sandMacy’s,saidsalesduringtheweekwere$65million,orabout20percent,belowitsforecasts.Otherretailers,includingWal-MartStoresandbookstorechainsBordersGroupandBarnes&Noble,aswellasteenapparelretailerAmericanEagleOutfitters,reportedafastdecreaseinsalesbutsomereboundbylastweekend.“Forthemostpart,salesarestartingtocomeback,butthey’renotwherewewantthemtobe,”saysTracyMullin,presidentoftheNationalRetailFederation.

Consumersalreadyplanningthepurchaseofanewcar,appliance,orotherbig-ticketitemmaygoahead,butforgetthosewhohadonlybeguntothinkaboutbuying,saysMarianFriestad,presidentoftheSocietyforConsumerPsychology.“Thiswouldbeatimewhenpeoplewouldnotbeparticularlyopentochangingtheirpurchasebehaviorortryingnewthings,”shesays.Frivolouspurchases,likeperfumeandfashion,willprobablydecline.

Media

OnMadisonAvenue,advertisingindustryexecutivesestimatedtheirlossesafternearlyaweekwithoutnetworkTVads.Butthatisnotall.ManycompaniesfeltitinappropriatetoadvertiseduringsuchatimeoftragedyandcanceledtheircommercialsonTV.

Thistrendislikelytomeanfurtherlossesforanindustryalreadysufferingfromasharpcutbackinspending.

Already,thesixTVnetworksreportanestimated$320millioninlostasrevenuesduetotheattack.Andfourofthecountry’snewspapergroupswarnedofashortfallinthird-quarterearningsbecauseofcanceledads.

Entertainment

ThemostpressingquestionrightnowiswhatwillhappeninTV,alreadysufferingfromabigdropinadvertising.Althoughthenewseasonhasbeenprettywellpurgedofanyreferencesthatmightbedeemedoffensiveinthewakeoftheattack,thereisseriousdoubtaboutviewers’tastesinthefuture.

Twobig-budgetfilms—BigTroubleandCollateralDamage—wereshelvedindefinitelylastweek.OthermovieswithNewYorkthemeswerepushedback.StillmoreweresimplyscrubbedcleanoftheirreferencestoterrorismandtheWorldTradeCenter.However,theentertainmentindustrymaynotsufferlong-termdamage,withlossesexpectedtoleveloffbythefirstquarterofnextyear,accordingtoanalysts.

Insurance

Alreadystunnedbyaplungeinprofitsandlossesfromstormsinthefirsthalfoftheyear,propertyandcasualtyinsurersnowfaceevenworse.“Allprofitswillbewipedout,”saysananalyst.Despitesomeloss,analystsareconfidentthattheindustrywillbeabletomeettheestimated$30billioninprojectedclaims,alossthatcouldescalateifcostlybusiness-interruptionandpersonalinjuryclaimsaccelerate.

Onethingiscertain:Therewillbehigherratesandmorelimitedcoverageforterroristorwar-relatedevents,especiallyforairlines.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTthepossiblelossduetotheterrorattacksintheU.S.?

9.ThemostimportanttaskfortheBushAdministrationisto____.

10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutairlineslossisWRONG?

11.ThetwoseriousproblemsforAmericanairlinementionedinthepassageare____.

12.Theeffectofthisattackontheoilpriceis____.

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutretailingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

14.Already,thesixTVnetworksreportanestimated____inlostadrevenues.

问题1选项

A.Firmsdirectlyaffectedbythehorrorwillsufferlowerprofits.

B.Onemillionworkersmaylosetheirjobsbecauseofthepost-attackrepercussions.

C.TheDowJonesindustrialaveragefellabout700points.

D.Washingtonalsolosesitsconfidencetopreventfurthereconomydeterioration.

问题2选项

A.estimateanexactloss

B.limitimmigration

C.cuttaxforallthecompanies

D.restoreconsumerconfidence

问题3选项

A.Someairlinesareseeingadrasticreductioninbookings.

B.Someplanesareflyinglessthanhalffull.

C.Thetotalindustrylosseswillreach$10billionbytheendofthisyear.

D.Someairlinerswillbeputoutofbusiness.

问题4选项

A.recessionsandterrorism

B.oilpriceandeconomydepression

C.airlineserviceandsafety

D.layoffsandfinance

问题5选项

A.uncertain

B.slim

C.clear

D.unprecedented

问题6选项

A.Manyshoppersstayedhomeduringtheweekoftheattack.

B.SomeretailersarestilloptimisticabouttheirsalesinthecomingChristmasseason.

C.Someretailersreportedafastdecreaseinsalesbutsomereboundbylastweekend.

D.Suchfrivolouspurchasesasperfumeandfashionwillprobablydecline.

问题7选项

A.$10million

B.$65million

C.$320million

D.$153million

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

【解析】8.事实细节题。题干“根据文章，什么不是恐怖袭击可能给美国造成的损失”，可定位到原文第2段第1句Companieshavebeenawareofthepossiblelossduetotheterrorattacks.（公司已经意识到恐怖袭击可能造成的损失。）A选项“直接受到恐慌影响的公司利润会降低”，可定位到第2段第2句Firmsdirectlyaffectedbythehorror,…,warnedoflowerprofits.（直接受到恐怖袭击影响的公司……都发出了利润下降的警告。）由此可知，A选项是损失，排除；B选项“100万工人可能会因为袭击后的影响而失去工作”，可定位到第2段第3句Airlinelayoffsalonewilltop100,000,pushingsomeanalyststosayasmanyasonemillionworkersmaylosetheirjobsbecauseofthepost-attackrepercussions.（仅航空公司的裁员人数就将超过10万人，因此一些分析人士认为，由于袭击事件的影响，多达100万名员工可能会失去工作。）由此可知，B选项是损失，排除；C选项“道琼斯工业平均指数下跌约700点”，可定位到第4段第1句OnWallStreet,marketstumbledamidthelikelihoodofrecessionandwar:TheDowJonesindustrialaveragefellnearly700pointsMonday.（在华尔街，由于经济衰退和战争的可能性，市场下跌：道琼斯工业平均指数周一下跌近700点。）由此可知，C选项是损失，排除；D选项“华盛顿对防止经济进一步恶化也失去信心”，可定位到第5段最后一句“Therecoverycouldbemuchsmootherthanexpectedduetothefiscalandmonetarystimuluswe’reinstorefor,”saysRichardWeiss,chiefinvestmentofficerforCityNationalBank.（花旗国民银行首席投资官RichardWeiss表示：“由于我们准备采取的财政和货币刺激措施，复苏可能比预期要平稳得多。”）由此可知，政府并未对经济发展失去信心，D符合题意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

9.事实细节题。题干“布什政府最重要的任务是”,可定位到原文第6段第1句RestoringconsumerconfidenceisatoppriorityforGreenspanandCongress…（恢复消费者信心是Greenspan和国会的首要任务……）由此可知，国会即政府最重要的任务是恢复消费者的信心，D选项“重振消费者的信心”表述正确。A选项“估计确切的损失”，可定位到原文第7段最后一句Lastweek,individualindustriesbegantoestimatetheloss.（上周，个别行业开始估算损失。）由此可知，估计损失并不是政府的工作，排除；B选项“限制移民”，原文并未提及，排除；C选项“为所有公司减税”，可定位到原文第6段最后一句There’seventalkoffurthertaxcuts