考研考博-英语-广东信息工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东信息工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyinto

thesky.

问题1选项

A.floating

B.raising

C.heaving

D.ascending

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float“漂浮，浮动”；raise“提升，增加”；heave“举起”；ascend“攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Line,shape,ortexturemaybethepredominantelementaccordingtotheprintingtechniqueused.

问题1选项

A.inadditionto

B.inorderto

C.regardlessof

D.dependingon

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项inadditionto“除……之外（还有，也）”，B项inorderto“为了”，C项regardlessof“不顾，不管”，D项dependon“取决于，依赖，依靠”。句意：根据使用的印刷技术，线条、形状或纹理可能是主要的元素。accordingto在句中表示“根据”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是D项。因此，该题选择D项。

3.单选题

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora（

）nextmonth.

问题1选项

A.symphony

B.symposium

C.symptom

D.symmetry

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词词义辨析。symphony“交响乐；和声”；symposium“讨论会”；symptom“症状；征兆”；symmetry“对称（性）；整齐”。句意：据称下个月来自不同国家的物理学家们将聚在纽约参加一个讨论会。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

—Iwillbewaitingforyouathome.

—______Iwerebusyandcouldn’tcome?

问题1选项

A.Whatif

B.Whatwhen

C.Howif

D.Howwhen

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A项whatif“假使……将会怎么样”，B项whatwhen没有这个用法，C项howif一般都会分开使用，即how…if…表示“如果……将会怎么样”，D项howwhen也没有这个用法。根据句子情景可知，A项符合语境。句意：我在家等你。如果我很忙不能来怎么办？因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

Culturelikenonverbalbehaviortendstoelusive,andhasapotentinfluenceininterculturalcommunication.

问题1选项

A.hidden

B.visible

C.difficulttounderstand

D.tangible

【答案】C

【解析】句意：像非语言行为这样的文化往往是晦涩难懂的，并且在跨文化交际中有着强大的影响。elusive意为“难懂的”。hidden隐藏的；visible看得见的，现有的；difficulttounderstand难以理解；tangible有形的，可触摸的。选项C最符合原句所表达的意思。

6.单选题

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。第一句是虚拟过去时IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=过去时)，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，关键是now，表示现在，时态发生改变。变为错综虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情调整。句意：如果美国在1995年为穷人建造更多的住房，现在美国一些地区的住房问题就不会那么严重。本句表示如果以前怎样，那现在的问题就不会那么严重，主句时态用情态动词+现在时。因此A选项正确。

7.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

本周末，一个著名网站中止了音乐和影视的下载服务，由此引起人们对多媒体文件共享网站命运的严重关注。自星期六起，通过进入音乐或电影频道的路径被屏蔽，或者被导向其他网站。VeryCD的首席执行官黄一孟告诉记者，中止服务是为了避免著作权侵权。

【答案】Thisweekend,awell-knownwebsitesuspendedthedownloadserviceofmusicandmovies,whichcausedseriousconcernaboutthefateofmultimediafilesharingwebsites.SinceSaturday,accesstomusicormoviechannelsviahasbeenblockedordirectedtootherwebsites.VeryCDCEOHuangYimengtoldreportersthatthesuspensionofserviceistoavoidcopyrightinfringement.

8.单选题

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

问题1选项

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。C选项的thereexist是therebe句型的变形。需认清句中关系词that的先行词是onemovingsoul。因此C选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Microfinanceisananti-povertytool.Ifyoumakesmallloanstogroupsofpoorwomen,theyalwaysrepaythemontime.Microfinancehasgrownrapidlyinmanycountries.Yettheindustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial.

InBangladeshthegovernmenthascappedtheannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.InAndhraPradesh(AP),theIndianstatewiththemostmicrofinanceborrowers,localpoliticianshavebulliedthebusinesstoavirtualhalt.Thesestepsareostensiblymotivatedbyadesiretodefendthepoorfromgettingstuckinadebt.Buttheyarewrong-headed.

Despitechargingseeminglyhighinterestrates,MFIstypicallyhavethinmarginsbecauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans.Pressingthemtoreduceratesfurtherwouldjeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.

Infact,thepooroftenusemicroloanstopayofffarmoreexpensiveloansfromvillagemoneylenders.Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforthesemoneylenders,butissurelynottheoutcomethatpolicymakerswant.

Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry.Peru,forexample,isrankedashavingthebestbusinessenvironmentformicrofinance,inpartbecausetheregulatorhassuccessfullysetandenforcedrulesoncapitalbuffers,leadingtoamorestableenvironmentfortheindustry.India,incontrast,isyettodecidewhetherrulesgoverningmicrofinancearetobesetatthenationallevelorbyindividualstates.

Manythingscanbedone.Forinstance,anassociationofIndianMFIsistryingtosetupacreditbureauwhichwouldallowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories,thusguardingthemagainstlendingapersonmorethansheisabletohandle.ThiswouldbehelpedenormouslyifthegovernmentspedupitseffortstogiveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.TheIndiangovernmentshouldalsoallowMFIstotakedeposits,whichtheyarecurrentlypreventedfromdoing:thiswouldmakethemlessdependentoncapitalmarketsforfunding.Actuallytherearemoreusefulmeasuresforthepoorthananinterest-ratecap.

1.Themicrofinanceindustryisunderattackbecause（

）.

2.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2mostprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,MFIsarenotmakingabigprofitbecause

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor，whatwouldhappenifpeople’saccesstomicrofinanceisrestricted?

5.InParagraph5,whatdoestheexampleofPeruandIndiaindicate?

6.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichmeasureisNOTapprovedbytheauthor?

问题1选项

A.itdevelopstoofast

B.itofferssmallloans

C.itover-emphasizesbusiness

D.itisananti-povertytool

问题2选项

A.tosetamaximumannualinterestrate

B.tochangetheannualinterestrate

C.torelaxthecontroloftheannualinterestrate

D.toreducetheannualinterestrate

问题3选项

A.theinterestratesaretoolow

B.thehandingofnumeroussmallloansisexpensive

C.theyfailtoattractprivatecapital.

D.theyareundergreatpressurefromthegovernment

问题4选项

A.TheprofitofMFIswouldbereduced.

B.Poorpeoplewouldnotbetrappedinadebt.

C.Peoplewouldonlygetmorecostlyloans.

D.Policymakerswouldbethrilledattheoutcome.

问题5选项

A.Indiahasbeenawareoftheimportanceofregulationonmicrofinance.

B.ThemicrofinanceindustryisboominginbothIndiaandPeru.

C.Sensibleregulationspromotethemicrofinanceindustry.

D.Regulationsshouldbesetatthenationallevel.

问题6选项

A.Setupcapitalmarketsforfunding.

B.Understandthecredithistoriesoftheclients.

C.Giveeveryoneauniversalidentificationnumber.

D.PermitMFIstoattractdeposits.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“yetthendustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial（然而，该行业因过于商业化而受到抨击）”,即可得出本题答案。

2.词义推测题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。第二段中提及印度的当地政府甚至叫停了小额信贷的业务。对比孟加拉，文中提及，微型金融机构可以收取27%的利率（theannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.）。在第三段，作者还论述了对于小额信贷降低利率的弊端有哪些（jeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.）。由此可知，政府试图限制小额贷款的利率，从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息定位至原文第三段。根据“becauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans（因为数以百万计的小额贷款的分期付款成本很高）”,即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段第二句，“Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.(限制人们小额信贷的后果是迫使穷人转向利率更高的高利贷借贷。)”从而得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry(合理的监管不必与繁荣的小额信贷行业相抵触)”,即可得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。定位最后一段，“giveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.”“allowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories”“allowMFIstotakedeposits”可知选项A的内容在文章中并未提及，从而得出本题答案。

10.翻译题

这些读者既“温故”，读文史，了解过去；又“知新”，爱科学、展望未来。他们愿意从各种各样的书籍中探索找寻生活的乐趣、人生的乐趣、思维的乐趣和智慧的乐趣。他们看市井风俗、社会百态，看多彩人生和丰富感情。他们生活在现在，同时也生活在过去和未来，他们最大限度地体会读书带来的追求智慧的乐趣。正如王小波说的：“智慧本身就是好的。有一天我们都会死去，追求智慧的道路还会有人在走着。死掉以后的事我看不到，但在我活着的时候，想到这件事，心里就高兴。”

【答案】Thesereadersreadhistorytoknowthepastandsciencetolookintothefuture.Theyliketoexplorelife,waysofthinkingandwisdomfromtheirreading.Theyseecustomsandcolorfulsocietyandpeople’semotions.Theyleadalifeofthepastandthefutureaswellasthepresent.Theyenjoyreadingtothemaximuminwhichtheybecomewise.AsWangXiaoboputsit,Wisdomisitselfbeautiful.Wewilldiesomedayandotherswillmarchontosearchit.Icannotseethethingsintheotherworld,butIfeelhappyinthisworldwheneverIthinkofitinmylife.

11.不定项选择题

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitevilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.

Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfur-producingbacteriagaintheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.

Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking.breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.

Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.

Formostofus,thesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.

Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbadbreathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.

1.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.thriveon

B.accountfor

C.originatefrom

D.descendfrom

问题2选项

A.Toothtrouble.

B.Sulfur-richfood.

C.Toomuchexercise.

D.Mentalstrain.

问题3选项

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing

B.itssmelladdstobadbreath

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteria

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva

问题4选项

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus

问题5选项

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thephrase“emanatefrom”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.1.第一段中的词组“emanatefrom”很可能是“______”的意思。

A.thriveonA.靠……发展

B.accountforB.对……负责、做出解释

C.originatefromC.发源于

D.descendfromD.由……传下来的

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第二句“在大多数情况下，令人不快的口气emanatesfrom口腔中的细菌，尽管还有其他更令人惊讶的原因（causes）”，根据后面的causes可知，offensivebreath（口臭）和bacteriainthemouth（口腔中的细菌）之间应该是一个因果关系，是bacteria（细菌）导致了offensivebreath（口臭），那么可以反推，offensivebreath（口臭）是来源于bacteria（细菌），故C项“发源于”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“靠……发展”、B项“对……负责、做出解释”和D项“由……传下来的”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?2.下列哪项被提到是口臭的原因之一？

A.Toothtrouble.A.牙齿问题。

B.Sulfur-richfood.B.高硫的食物。

C.Toomuchexercise.C.太多锻炼。

D.Mentalstrain.D.精神紧张。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第四段“酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动时用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，虽然不知道为什么。有些人每次去面试时口气都会变酸。”可知，压力也会造成口气问题，D项“精神紧张”也属于压力问题，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项“牙齿问题”没有提到，属于无中生有；

B项“高硫的食物”根据第三段第二句“例如，当我们睡觉时，唾液流得很慢，产生硫的细菌占了上风，产生了所谓的‘早晨口气’”可知，原文提到的是含硫的细菌能够导致口臭，并不是食物，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“太多锻炼”根据第四段第一句“酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动时用嘴呼吸，任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭”可知，原文说的是运动时用嘴呼吸会引发口臭，该项条件不足，属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause______.3.根据这篇文章，酒精与口臭有关的主要原因是______。

A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducingA.它能阻止有害细菌的繁殖

B.itssmelladdstobadbreathB.它的气味增加了口臭

C.itkillssomehelpfulbacteriaC.它杀死了一些有益的细菌

D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsalivaD.它影响唾液的正常流动

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章最后一句“如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多数漱口水都含有酒精——会使口腔干燥，从而加剧这一问题”可知含有酒精的漱口水会使口腔干燥，从而产生口臭，原因是唾液流动变得缓慢，那么推断，酒精与口臭有关的主要原因是因为使得口腔唾液流动缓慢，所以D项“它影响唾液的正常流动”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“它能阻止有害细菌的繁殖”是漱口水的作用，并不是酒精，属于张冠李戴；

B项“它的气味增加了口臭”和C项“它杀死了一些有益的细菌”没提到，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause______.4.漱口水不能有效治疗口臭，主要是因为______。

A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenoughA.它们掩盖不了难闻的气味

B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteriaB.它们无法接触到所有有害的细菌

C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworseC.它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟

D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucusD.它们不能覆盖厚厚的粘液层

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段二三四句“一些漱口水声称能杀死导致口腔异味的细菌。问题是，它们不一定能触及所有有害细菌。在厚厚的黏液层下，大多数细菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害。”可知，漱口水不能治疗口臭是因为厚厚的黏液层覆盖了有害细菌，所以漱口水不能触及到所有的有害细菌，B项“它们无法接触到所有有害的细菌”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“它们掩盖不了难闻的气味”和治疗口臭无关，属于出处错位；

C项“它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟”没有提到，属于无中生有；

D项“它们不能覆盖厚厚的粘液层”漱口水不能治疗口臭的原因是厚厚的黏液层使得漱口水不能接触到所有的有害细菌，并不是不能覆盖厚厚的黏液层的原因，该项曲解原文。

5.【选项释义】

5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______.5.从这篇文章中我们可以推断出______。

A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecuredA.口臭不容易治好

B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreathB.上了年纪的人对口臭不那么反感

C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreathC.酗酒者受口臭的影响较小

D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcoholD.口臭受酒精的影响较小

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】文章前五段描述了引起口臭的多种原因，包括酒精、饥饿、说话太多、运动等使口腔干燥的因素，后三段阐述了能够增加唾液流动和掩盖口臭的方法，综合可以推断，引起口臭的因素有很多，所以并不是很容易治好，A项“口臭不容易治好”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“上了年纪的人对口臭不那么反感”根据第五段第一句“随着年龄的增长，唾液的流动会逐渐减慢，这也解释了为什么老年人比年轻人更容易出现口臭问题”可知，原文提到了老年人比年轻人更容易口臭的原因，但该项并未提及，也无从推断，属于无中生有；

C项“酗酒者受口臭的影响较小”和D项“口臭受酒精的影响较小”，在原文提到了酒精会使口腔干燥，从而导致口臭，所以酗酒者更加受到口臭的影响，这两项属于反向干扰。

12.翻译题

Apartfromflights,telephonesandtelevision,oneofthemostsignificantwaysinwhichlifeinthetwentiethcenturydiffersfromantiquityisthepervasivepresenceofclocks.OurlivesarescheduledaroundspecifictimesandintervalsinafashionthatwouldhavebeenimpossibleinancientRome.

Whenandhowdidthisprofoundchangecomeabout?Didmonasteriesacquirethefirstclocksandthen,inleaguewithanemergingmerchantclass,enforcetheirownrigidtimestandardsonthesurroundingpopulace?Thisview—theacceptedinterpretationforatleast50year—iscarefullydissectedandchallengedinDohrn-vanRossum’srevisionistaccount.

【答案】除了飞机、电话和电视之外，二十世纪的生活与古代最重要的不同之处之一就是时钟的普遍使用。我们习惯于将生活细分到具体的时间点和事件单，这在古罗马是不可能出现的。

这种深刻的变化是何时以及如何发生的？是修道院在获得了第一个时钟之后，联合新兴的商人阶级把他们严格的时间观念强加给普通大众的吗？在至少50年的时间里，这种观点被大众所认可并受到了Dohrn-vanRossum的修正主义的仔细分析和挑战。

13.翻译题

"Time”saystheproverb“ismoney”.Thismeansthateverymomentwell-spentmayputsomemoneyintoourpockets.(1)Ifourtimeisusefullyemployed,itwilleitherturnoutsomeusefulandimportantpieceofworkwhichwillfetchitspriceinthemarket,oritwilladdtoourexperienceandincreaseourcapacitiessoastoenableustoearnmoneywhentheproperopportunitycomes.Therecanthusbenodoubtthattimeisconvertibleintomoney.Letthose,whothinknothingofwastingtime,rememberthis;letthemrememberthatanhourmisspentisequivalenttothelossofabank-note;andthatanhourutilizedistantamounttosomuchsilverorgold;andthentheywillprobablythinktwicebeforetheygivetheirconsenttothelossofanypartoftheirtime.

Moreover,ourlifeisnothingmorethanourtime.Tokilltimeisthereforeaformofsuicide.(2)Weareshockedwhenwethinkofdeath,andwesparenopains,notrouble,andnoexpensetopreservelife.Butwearetoooftenindifferenttothelossofanhouroraday,forgettingthatourlifeisthesumtotalofthedaysandofthehourswelive.Adayoranhourwastedisthereforesomuchlifeforfeited.Letusbearthisinmind,andwasteoftimewillappeartousinthelightofacrimeasculpableassuicideitself.

Thereisathirdconsiderationwhichalsotendstowarnusagainstlossoftime.Ourlifeisabriefspanmeasuringsomesixtyorseventyyearsinall,butnearlyonehalfofthishastobespentinsleep;someyearshavetobespentoverourmeals;someoverdressingandundressing;someinmakingjourneysonlandandvoyagesbysea;someinmerry-marking,eitheronourownaccountorforthesakeofothers;someincelebratingreligiousandsocialfestivities;someinwatchingoverthesick-bedsofournearestanddearestrelatives.(3)Nowifalltheseyearsweretobedeductedfromthetermoverwhichourlifeextendsweshallfindaboutfifteenortwentyyearsatourdisposalforactivework.Whoeverremembersthiscanneverwillinglywasteasinglemomentofhislife.“Itisastonishing"saysLordChesterfield,“thatanyonecansquanderawayinabsoluteidlenessonesinglemomentofthatportionoftimewhichisallottedtousinthisworld.Knowthetruevalueoftime;snatch,seize,andenjoyeverymomentofit!”

Alltimeisprecious;butthetimeofourchildhoodandofouryouthismorepreciousthananyotherportionofourexistence.Forthosearetheperiodswhenalonewecanacquireknowledgeanddevelopourfacultiesandcapacities.(4)Ifweallowthesemorninghoursoflifetoslipawayunutilized,weshallneverbeabletorecouptheloss.Aswegrowolder,ourpowerofacquisitiongetsblunted,sothattheartorsciencewhichisnotacquiredinchildhoodoryouthwillneverbeacquiredatall.Justasmoneylaidoutatinterestdoublesandtremblesitselfintime,sotheprecioushoursofchildhoodandyouth,ifproperlyused,willyieldusincalculableadvantages.“Everymomentyoulose,”saysLordChesterfield,“issomuchcharacterandadvantagelost;asontheotherhand,everymomentyounowemployusefullyissomuchtimewiselylaidoutatprodigiousinterest.”

Aproperemploymentoftimeisofgreatbenefittousfromamoralpointofview.IdlenessisjustlysaidtobetherustofthemindandanidlebrainissaidtobeSatan'sworkshop.Itismostlywhenyoudonotknowwhattodowithyourselfthatyoudosomethingillorwrong.Themindoftheidlerpreysuponitself.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.

【答案】（1）如果我们的时间使用得当，我们就能生产出有用的、重要的产品，而这些产品会在市场上赢得其价值。或者我们能利用这些时间充实经验，增长才干，而时机来临时又能转化为钱。

（2）我们想到死，便惊恐不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用来保全我们的生命。可是，我们对于损失一个小时或者一天的时间却往往漠不关心，忘记了我们的生命原本就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。

（3）现在如果从我们的寿命中扣除所有这些岁月，我们将会发现，能受我们支配的有效的工作时间大约仅十五或二十年而已。谁能记住这一点，谁就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的每一刻时间。

（4）如果我们让这些生命的早晨时光悄悄溜走，未得到利用，这损失将永远也无法弥补。等我们长大了，获得知识的能力就变得迟钝了，因此在童年和青年时期未能获得的知识和技能将永远不能获得了。

14.单选题

Inthereadinglesson,theteacheraskedthestudentstoreadafew（）fromHemingway’snovelAFarewelltoArms.

问题1选项

A.pieces

B.essays

C.fragments

D.extracts

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项piece表示“片，段；部件；文章；作品”，B选项essay表示“散文；随笔；短文”，C选项fragment表示“片段，碎片，（文艺作品等）未完成的部分”，D选项extract表示“摘录，引文”。根据后文关键词fromHemingway'snovelAFarewelltoArms可知，老师要求学生读的是海明威小说《永别了武器》中的摘录，因此，本题正确答案为D选项。

15.翻译题

各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，特别是对艺术学科来说，要想了解一个人的艺术禀赋资质和艺术实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

16.单选题

Marriagetherapiststeachaskillcalledactivelistening.Eachpartnertakesaturnlistening,thenparaphraseswhathe'sheardandvalidatesit.Thereis,however,aproblem.Itrarelyworks.For80percentofcouples,activelisteningistooharD.Itfeelswooden,likeemotionalgymnastics.Nordoes"fightingwellpredicthappymarriages".Evenhappycoupleshavescreamingmatches.Everytimeyouraiseahot-buttonissue,suchasthein-lawsormoney,doesyourhusbandsuddenlyclamup?Morethan80percentofthetime,it'sthewifewhobringsupstickymaterialissues,whilethehusbandtriestoavoiddiscussingthem.Thisisn'tasymptomofatroubledmarriage—it'strueinmosthappymarriages.

You'lloftenhearthatstayinginabadmarriageisworseforeverybodyconcerned—especiallythechildren—thangettingdivorceD.Thatmaybetrueifyourhomeissoriddledwithhostilitythatit'slikeawarzone.ButUniversityofChicagosociologistLinderJ.Waitesaysshehasfoundthat75percentofcoupleswhoratedtheirmarriagesasmiserablebutstayedofmarriedwerehappyfiveyearslater.

Weusuallythinkthestrongestmarriagesarethosethatsurvivemajortraumas,suchasbankruptcyoranextramaritalaffair.Butfrequently,dealingwiththelittlethings,thosedailyannoyances,eatawayatamarriage."Everycoupleexperiencesdisappointmentasinitialromanceandpassionfadeandtheydiscoveralltheirdifferences,"saysWolin."Hedoesn'tdoenoughhousework.Sheistooemotional.HewatchestoomuchTV.She'stoolenientwiththekids.Peoplethinkthesedifferencesasproblem,butthey'reactuallyopportunitiestobuildmaritalmuscles."

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutactivelistening?

2.Thephrase"clamup"inLine5means（）.

3.WeknowfromParagraph1thattheauthorthinksthatahappymarriage（）.

4.Whatisimpliedinthepassageaboutdivorceinthepassage?

5.What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.Activelisteningisnecessaryifyouwantto"fightwell".

B.Amajorityofcouplesdoesn'tpracticeactivelistening.

C.Activelisteningdoesn'tensurehappymarriages.

D.Activelisteninghasproventobealittleimpractical

问题2选项

A.shutup

B.gelup

C.backup

D.tightenup

问题3选项

A.isalwaysfullofromanceandpassion

B.requiresthetoleranceofthehusband

C.maynotbefreeofquarrelsandfights

D.excludesthediscussionofstickymartialissues

问题4选项

A.Abadmarriageshouldendupindivorcetoavoidfurtherharm.

B.Divorceisnotthebestsolutiontoabadmarriage.

C.Mostcouplesgetdivorcedforthesakeoftheirchildren.

D.Divorceismuchbetterthansufferinginabadmarriage.

问题5选项

A.Dailyannoyancescandoharmtomarriages.

B.Marriageisnotforromanceandpassion.

C.Survivingmajormisfortuneshelpstrengthenmarriages.

D.Differencesareessentialforhappymarriage.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,activelistening和fightwell是婚姻生活发生问题时截然不同的两种处理方式,前者是冷静的交流沟通,后者是激烈对峙。但activelistening并没有起到什么作用,大部分的夫妻都不采取,所以选项A描述错误。

2.根据下一句的内容"Morethan80percentofthetime,it'sthewifewhobringsupstickymaterialissues,whilethehusbandtriestoavoiddiscussingthem."超过80%的时间,是由妻子引起争吵话题的,而丈夫总是避免讨论这些话题。由此可以推断,clamup与avoiddiscussingthem意思接近。所以选项A正确。

3.细节推断题。根据第一段的最后一句"Thisisn'tasymptomofatroubledmarriage—it'strueinmosthappymarriages."争吵打闹并不是只岀现在问題婚姻中,即便是幸福婚姻也很难避免这类事情发生。选项A在文中没有提及,选项B和D太片面,而选项C符合原文。

4.细节推斷题。根据题干关键词divorce定位到第二段,根据下文"75percentofcoupleswhoratedtheirmarriagesasmiserablebutstayedofmarriedwerehappyfiveyearslater."75%认为自己婚姻不幸的夫妻坚持在一起5年之后,也过得幸福了。由此推断,作者认为离婚并不一定是最好的解决办法。选项B符合原文。

5.段落主旨题。根据最后一段的内容：我们通常认为,最牢固的婚姻是那些能挺过重大创伤的婚姻,比如破产或婚外情。但通常,处理一些小事情,那些日常的烦恼,也会侵蚀婚姻。选项A最能概括最后一段的大义。

17.不定项选择题

SomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishcoloniesinAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternalconflictsamongcolonists.Inheritorsofsomeoftheviewpointsofearlytwentieth-century.ProgressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,theserecenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.

Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansisclassconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionaryWardominatingtheseyears,howdoesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.AlthoughmanyofthesehistorianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalistsrepresentedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,likerebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonethelessprobablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedtheLoyaliststhanjoinedtherebels.)Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittleevidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwithupper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedtosuppressclassconflicts.Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneoranotherclassusuallybecameLoyalists.Loyalismthusoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebelside,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeight