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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ournetworksecuritysolutionsarebeingusedbydozensofmerchantsathundreds'oflocationsacrossthecountrythatsupportPCI_______requirements.

问题1选项

A.compliance

B.controversy

C.quiescence

D.asseverating

【答案】A

【解析】compliance遵从,服从;controversy争论,辩论;quiescence静止,沉默;asseverate郑重声明,断言。句意:我们的网络安全解决方案正被全国各地数百家支持PCI兼容需求的商家所使用。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Thediscoveryofdistillationisusually()totheArahsofthe11thcentury.

问题1选项

A.accredited

B.credited

C.regarded

D.accomplished

【答案】A

【解析】句意:通常认为,蒸馏法是阿拉伯人在11世纪发明的。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Accredit把……归于;认为(某事为某人所说、所做),常用被动语态,常见搭配为sth.tosb.或〜sb.withsth.;credit把…记入贷方;认为是…的功劳,常用搭配为〜A(withB)或〜B(toA);regard将…认为;把…视为,常见搭配为sb./sth.(withsth.)或〜sb./sth.assth.;accomplish完成;实现。因此符合句意并且能跟介词to搭配的为选项A。

3.单选题

Britainhasthehighest(

)ofroadtrafficintheworld—over60carsforeverymileofroad.

问题1选项

A.popularity

B.prosperity

C.intensity

D.density

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。popularity普遍,流行;prosperity兴旺,繁荣;intensity强烈,剧烈;density密集,稠密,密度。根据后面一句over60carsforeverymileofroad(每英里有60多辆汽车),推测D项正确。

4.单选题

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

问题1选项

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意:只要不是太晚,我不介意你推迟做决定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”,delaydoingsth.“推迟做某事”,mind和delay后跟动名词做宾语,D选项yourdelayingmaking符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此D选项正确。

5.翻译题

世界博览会是展示人类灵感和思想的长廊。自从1851年在伦敦举办的“万国工业博览会”,世界博览会作为经济、科技和文化的盛大交流活动,取得了日益重大的意义。它是一个重要的平台,在此之上各国展示发展经验,交流创新理念,发扬团队精神,共同展望未来。

中国有着悠久的文明,一直促进国际交流并热爱世界和平。中国赢得2010年世界博览会,靠的是国际社会对中国改革开放的支持和信心。本次博览会将会是第一个在发展中国家举办的世博会,这也寄予了全球人民对中国未来发展的美好期待。

2010年世博会将着重探讨21世纪城市生活的潜力。预计在2010年将有55%的世界人口居住在城市。未来的城市生活,是全球关注的话题。作为第一个以城市为主题的博览会,2010年博览会将会吸引世界各国政府和人民关注“更美好的城市,更美好的生活”的主题。

2010年世博会也将会成为一次国际盛会。我们将促使更多国家和人们参与,获得他们的支持和理解,使2010世博会成为全世界人民的欢乐聚会。

PutthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【答案】WorldExpositionisgalleriesofhumaninspirationsandthoughts.AftertheGreatExhibitionof1851inLondon,theWorldExpositionhasachievedgreatsignificanceasagrandeventforeconomy,technologyandcultureexchanges.Itservesasanimportantplatformfordisplayinghistoricalexperience,exchanginginnovativeideas,developingteamspiritandlookingintothefuture.

China,withalonghistoryofcivilization,promotesinternationalexchangeandlovesworldpeace.ChinaowesitssuccessfulbidfortheWorldExpositionin2010totheinternationalcommunity’ssupportandconfidenceinitsreformandopening-up.TheExpositionwillbethefirstregisteredWorldExpositioninadevelopingcountry,whichwinsglobalpeople’sexpectationsforChina’sfuture.

ShanghaiWorldExpo2010willfocusonthefullpotentialofurbanlifeinthe21stcentury.Fifty-fivepercentoftheworldpopulationisexpectedtoliveincitiesbytheyearof2010.Theprospectoffutureurbanlifeisatopicofglobalinterest.Beingthefirstoneonthethemeofcity,ShanghaiWorldExpowillattractgovernmentsandpeopleallovertheworldtofocusingonthetheme“BetterCity,BetterLife”.

ShanghaiWorldExpo2010willbeagrandinternationalgathering.WewillputShanghaiExpo2010inaglobalperspectiveanddoourbesttoencouragetheparticipationandgaintheunderstandingandsupportofvariouscountriesandpeople,inordertoturnShanghaiWorldExpointoahappyreunionofpeoplefromallovertheworld.

6.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,()schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling“强制的”;forced“被迫的”;obliged“有责任的”;compulsory“必修的,义务的”。句意:在苏格兰,就像在英国的其他地方一样,义务教育是从5岁到16岁。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

By(

)allofthemoredifficultquestionsbythepress,themayorarousedsuspicionthathewasnotwellinformedintheissues.

问题1选项

A.avoiding

B.considering

C.answering

D.requesting

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”;consider意为“考虑”;answer意为“答复”;request意为“要求”。

句意:通过回避媒体提出的所有更棘手的问题,市长引起了人们的怀疑,人们认为他不了解这个问题。

8.单选题

Themostimportantenvironmentalinfluenceonfishiswatertemperature,forfishtendtotakeonthetemperatureoftheirsurroundings.

问题1选项

A.assume

B.regulate

C.avoid

D.exceed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。takeon表示“呈现,具有”。A项assume“假定,采取”,B项regulate“调节,校准”,C项avoid“避免,消除”,D项exceed“超过,胜过”。句意:水温是对于鱼来说最重要的环境影响因素,鱼一般倾向于调节自己的温度以使其与周围的温度相同。根据题意该题选B。

9.单选题

Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhumansocietyortheprocessofmakingsuchastudy.Contemporaryethnographyisbasedalmostentirelyonfieldworkandrequiresthecompleteimmersionoftheanthropologistinthecultureandeverydaylifeofthepeoplewhoarethesubjectofhisstudy.Ethnography,byvirtueofitsintersubjectivenature,isnecessarilycomparative.Giventhattheanthropologistinthefieldnecessarilyretainscertainculturalbiases,hisobservationsanddescriptionsmust,toacertaindegree,becomparative.Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.

ModernanthropologistsusuallyidentifytheestablishmentofethnographyasaprofessionalfieldwiththepioneeringworkofboththePolish-bornBritishanthropologistBronislawMalinowskiintheTrobriandIslandsofMelanesia.Ethnographicfieldworkhassincebecomeasortofriteofpassageintotheprofessionofculturalanthropology.Manyethnographersresideinthefieldforayearormore,learningthelocallanguageordialectand,tothegreatestextentpossible,participatingineverydaylifewhileatthesametimemaintaininganobserver’sobjectivedetachment.

Thismethod,calledparticipant-observation,whilenecessaryandusefulforgainingathoroughunderstandingofaforeignculture,isinpracticequitedifficult.Justastheanthropologistbringstothesituationcertaininherent,ifunconscious,culturalbiases,soalsoisheinfluencedbythesubjectofhisstudy.Whiletherearecasesofethnographerswhofeltalienatedorevenrepelledbytheculturetheyentered,many—perhapsmost—havecometoidentifycloselywith“theirpeople,”afactorthataffectstheirobjectivity.Inadditiontothetechniqueofparticipant-observation,thecontemporaryethnographerusuallyselectsandcultivatescloserelationshipswithindividuals,knownasinformants,whocanprovidespecificinformationonritual,kinship,orothersignificantaspectsofculturallife.Inthisprocessalsotheanthropologistrisksthedangerofbiasedviewpoints,asthosewhomostwillinglyactasinformantsfrequentlyareindividualswhoaremarginaltothegroupandwho,forulteriormotives(e.g.,alienationfromthegrouporadesiretobesingledoutasspecialbytheforeigner),mayprovideotherthanobjectiveexplanationsofculturalandsocialphenomena.Afinalhazardinherentinethnographicfieldworkistheever-presentpossibilityofculturalchangeproducedbyorresultingfromtheethnographer’spresenceinthegroup.

Contemporaryethnographiesusuallyadheretoacommunity,ratherthanindividual,focusandconcentrateonthedescriptionofcurrentcircumstancesratherthanhistoricalevents.Traditionally,commonalitiesamongmembersofthegrouphavebeenemphasized,thoughrecentethnographyhasbeguntoreflectaninterestintheimportanceofvariationwithinculturalsystems.Ethnographicstudiesarenolongerrestrictedtosmallprimitivesocietiesbutmayalsofocusonsuchsocialunitsasurbanghettos.ThetoolsoftheethnographerhavechangedradicallysinceMalinowski’stime.Whiledetailednotesarestillamainstayoffieldwork,ethnographershavetakenfulladvantageoftechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasmotionpicturesandtaperecorderstoaugmenttheirwrittenaccounts.

1.ThelastsentenceofPara.1indicatesorsuggeststhat().

2.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTgivebiasestotheethnographer’sstudyofculture?

3.TheethnographershowsgreatinterestinallofthefollowingEXCEPT().

4.Accordingtothepassage,itwasMalinowskiwho().

5.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatthemethodusedbyearlierethnographerswas().

问题1选项

A.ethnographyshouldmaketheoreticalaswellascomparativestudyofculture

B.ethnographersshouldbeontheirguardagainstovergeneralizingaboutculture

C.ethnographerswouldinevitablybringbiasesintotheirstudyofnewcultures

D.ethnographicfindingsshouldbecomparedwiththosemadebyothersciences

问题2选项

A.Thepeoplewhoanswerhisquestions

B.Hisownculturalbackground

C.Thekindofinformationhewantstoget

D.Thechangesmadebyhispresenceinthecultureinquestion

问题3选项

A.currentconditionsthatexistwithaculture

B.individualbehaviorasshapedbyacustom

C.behaviorpatternscommonamongmembersofaculture

D.differenceexistingwithinaculture

问题4选项

A.developedethnographyintoanthropology

B.usedtaperecorderstorecordthedesiredinformation

C.studiedsuchunitsasurbanghettos

D.isconsideredfounderofethnography

问题5选项

A.detailednote-taking

B.randomselection

C.tape-recording

D.on-the-spotinvestigation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据原文第一段的最后一句“Thustheformulatingofgeneralizationsaboutcultureandthedrawingofcomparisonsinevitablybecomecomponentsofethnography.因此,对文化概括进行系统的阐述和比较不可避免地成为民族志的一部分。”由此可知,作者认为民族志不仅仅只是理论上的,还要对文化进行比较研究。选项A符合原文。

2.判断推理题。根据第三段的第二句“Justastheanthropologistbringstothesituationcertaininherent,ifunconscious,culturalbiases,soalsoisheinfluencedbythesubjectofhisstudy.正如人类学家将某些固有的,也许是无意识的,文化偏见带到这种情况中,他也会受到他研究对象的影响。”A选择“回答他问题的人”属于研究的对象,会造成偏见,所以不正确;而人类学家之所以会有固有的或者说是无意识的文化偏见是由于各自不同的文化背景造成的,所以选项B也不正确;根据第三段最后一句“Afinalhazardinherentinethnographicfieldworkistheever-presentpossibilityofculturalchangeproducedbyorresultingfromtheethnographer’spresenceinthegroup.民族志实地调查的最后一个固有风险是,由于民族志学者的存在而产生或导致文化改变的可能性一直存在。”因为在这个过程中,他们总会听到持有偏见的一些观点。所以选项D也不正确。只有选项C他自己想要得到的信息不会对文化研究带来偏见,所以正确。

3.细节事实题。根据最后一段的内容,当代民族志通常拥护群体,而不是个人,由此可知B选项“由于习惯形成的个人行为”不是民族志学者感兴趣的;民族志关注和专注于描述当前的情况,而不是历史事件,由此可知A选项“与文化共存的当前的情况”是民族志学者感兴趣的。传统上,群体成员之间的共性一直被强调,然而最近的民族志已经开始对文化系统中差异的重要性产生了兴趣,由此可知,C选项“在一种文化中成员之间常见的行为模式”和D选项“存在于文化中的差异”都是民族志学者所关注的内容。所以本题选B。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句“ThetoolsoftheethnographerhavechangedradicallysinceMalinowski’stime.Whiledetailednotesarestillamainstayoffieldwork,ethnographershavetakenfulladvantageoftechnologicaldevelopmentssuchasmotionpicturesandtaperecorderstoaugmenttheirwrittenaccounts.自马林诺夫斯基时代以来,民族志学者的工具已经发生了根本的变化。虽然详细的笔记仍然是现场工作的主要手段,但民族志学者已经充分利用了技术的发展,如电影和录音机,以增加他们的文字记录。”所以选项B“用录音机记录所需信息”符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据上一题可知,自马林诺夫斯基时代以来,民族志学者的工具已经发生了根本的变化。虽然详细的笔记仍然是现场工作的主要手段,但民族志学者已经充分利用了技术的发展,如电影和录音机,以增加他们的文字记录。由此可以推断出早期民族志学者用的方法是记录详细的笔记,所以选项A正确。

10.单选题

Artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe()betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.

问题1选项

A.profile

B.mighty

C.analogy

D.leakage

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。C项analogy(类似,相似)符合句意。

11.单选题

WrestlerJake“TheSnake”RoberttoldTMZ.comthathewill()emergencysurgerytoremoveacanceroustumour.

问题1选项

A.uphold

B.undergo

C.transfer

D.trigger

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项uphold表示“支撑,鼓励,赞成”;B选项undergo表示“经历,经受,忍受”;C选项transfer表示“转让,转移”;D选项trigger表示“触发,引起”。由句意可知,这位摔跤手告诉TMZ.com网站说,他将进行紧急手术,切除癌症肿瘤。因此,只有undergo的词义最符合句意,故本题正确答案为B选项。

12.单选题

HeclaimedthathewouldcompileanEnglishmasterpieceifhecouldfinda(n)______todealwiththelessessentialparts.

问题1选项

A.accomplice

B.collaborator

C.confederate

D.cobber

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项accomplice“同谋者;共犯”,指在犯罪行为中帮助另一个人;B选项collaborator“合作者;协作者;合著者”,指在做好事中帮助另一个人;C选项confederate“同盟国,同盟者;帮凶;美国南部邦联支持者”,常指国家或政府层面的结盟;D选项cobber“伙伴;朋友”,不常用,属于澳洲俚语。句意:他声称,如果他能找到一位______来处理不太重要的部分,他将编写一部英语杰作。此处填“合著者”一词更符合句意,所以B选项正确。

13.写作题

Doyouthinkpeopleshouldbuythingsmadeintheirowncountry,evenwhenthepriceishigherthanthesamethingsmadesomewhereelse?Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthistopic.

【答案】

PeopleShouldChoosetheProductsTheyWouldLiketoBuy14.单选题

Thefutureoftheworld’sclimateis______withtheriseoftemperature,wewillhavemoreextremeweathers.

问题1选项

A.atodds

B.introuble

C.invain

D.atstake

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项atodds“争执,不一致”,B项introuble“在监禁中,处于不幸中”,C项invain“徒劳,无效”,D项atstake“处于危险之中,在紧要关头”。根据空格后面部分的句子意思“随着气温的升高,我们将会有更多的极端天气”可推断,空格处填入D项符合。句意:随着气温的上升,世界气候的未来岌岌可危,我们将会有更多的极端天气。因此,该题选择D项正确。

15.单选题

Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnow_______forit.

问题1选项

A.neverworse

B.nonethebetter

C.nonetheworse

D.neverbetter

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“从来没有更糟的”;B选项“没有更好”;C选项“没有更差”;D选项“从来没有这么好”。句意:这个可怜的女孩在医院里住了半年多,但现在_______。根据语境,这里指女孩在医院待了很久,病情没有好转,所以B选项“没有更好”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

OurfootballteamisnowcontendingwithonefromtheUniversityofBritishColumbia.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.contesting

C.conceding

D.contemplating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们的足球队正在和英国哥伦比亚大学的球队……。meet“满足,遇见”;contest“比赛,竞赛”;concede“承认,让步”;contemplate“考虑,沉思”。根据“ourfootballteam”可知是在进行比赛,contend的意思是“竞争;斗争”。因此,选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Weexpecthimto(

)hispromise.

问题1选项

A.carryoff

B.carryout

C.carrythrough

D.carryabout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们希望他能够履行诺言。

考查短语辨析。carryoff夺去,获得;carryout贯彻,执行;carrythrough贯彻,完成;carryabout随身携带。故B符合句意。

18.单选题

Employeesknewfromthevery()thattheirjobswouldfinishthisyear.

问题1选项

A.upshot

B.outbreak

C.outcome

D.outset

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似词词义辨析。upshot“结局,结果”;outbreak“(战争的)爆发”;outcome“结果,结局”;outset“开始,开端”。句意:员工从开始就知道他们的工作今年就会结束。选项D符合题意。

19.问答题

Thepatientneededaspinaltap,andaseniorattendingphysicianaskedamedicalresidentwhetherapreparatorybloodtesthadbeenchecked.Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.

(1)Well,almostcertain.

Doctorsintrainingsometimesconfrontsituationsinwhichtheyworrythattheirsupervisingphysiciansaremakingmistakesorbendingthetruth.(2)Yeteventhoughsuchactscanjeopardizepatients,theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupishamperedbythehierarchiesinteachinghospitals.

Onthetopweretheseniorphysicianswhomaderoundsonthewardsonceortwicedaily.Nextweretheoverworkedresidents,whoessentiallylivedinthehospitalwhiletraining.(3)Lastwerethemedicalstudentswhoweremostassuredlyatthebottomoftheheap.

Thestudentwhoseresidentseeminglyliedtotheattendingphysicianaboutthebloodtestdidnotspeakup.Theresidentwasagooddoctor,shesaid,andsoshehadgivenhimthebenefitofthedoubt.And,sheadded,boththeresidentandtheattendingphysicianwouldbegradingher.

Whatshouldamedicalstudentdoinsuchasituation?Onepossibilityistotakethematterupwithamoreseniordoctor.Orthestudentmightgodirectlytothepatientorfamily,tellingthemthatthephysicianshaveagenuinedisagreementandthattheydeservetoknowaboutit.

Theseoptionsseemlogicalonpaper.AstheethicistJamesDwyerhaswritteninTheHastingsCenterReport,“Thepracticeofalwayskeepingquietisafailureofcaring.”(4)Butintherealworld,itmaybeextremelydifficulttogoupthechainofcommand.

Fortunately,medicaleducatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingthedilemmasthatdoctorsintrainingconfrontwhentheywitnessbehaviorthatmakesthemuncomfortable.(5)Studentsandresidentsarenowexpectedtoprovideroutinefeedback—positiveandnegative—abouttheirsupervisingphysiciansatthecloseoftheirrotation.

Ofcourse,physiciansandstudentsneedtobeeducatedabouthowtogivefeedbackinprofessionalandnon-confrontationalways.Medicaleducatorsareonlynowbeginningtoteachthisskill.Still,itwillbehardtochangetheunfortunateperceptionthatconstructivefeedback,evenforapatient’sbenefit,iswhistle-blowing.

【答案】答:

1.Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor.

2.Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians.

3.Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly.

4.Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand.

5.Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation.

【解析】1.原文句意是:嗯,几乎可以肯定。原文这一句是对上文的肯定,上文提到Themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearhimanswerintheaffirmative,becauseshewasquitecertainithadnotbeenchecked.(学医的学生听到他的回答很吃惊,因为她很肯定没有经过检查),所以改写的时候需要结合上文的内容来进行扩充,故改写为Almostcertainly,themedicalstudentwasstunnedtohearsuchananswerfromhissupervisor(几乎可以肯定的是,医学院的学生听到他的导师这样的回答感到很震惊)。

2.原文句意是:然而,即使这样的行为可能危及病人,但教学医院的等级制度阻碍了年轻医生发言的倾向和能力。前半句是让步状语从句,并且actscanjeopardizepatients指的是作为指导医生,他们的错误行为危害到病人的健康,所以可以改写为despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians(尽管指导医生出现了一些错误);后半句中的hamper可以用stop来替代,所以句子改写为Theinclinationandabilityofyoungdoctorstospeakupisstoppedbythehospitalhierarchies,despiteappearanceofmistakesbysupervisingphysicians(医院的等级制度阻止了年轻医生说话的倾向和能力,尽管指导医生出现了一些错误)。

3.原文句意是:最后,处于等级最下层的肯定是这些医学生。atthebottomoftheheap(在底层)指的是等级制度的底层,所以可以改写为atthebottomofhierarchy;另外who引导的定语从句是修饰强调的,所以句式可以精简,故这个句子可改写为Atthebottomofhierarchywerethosemedicalstudentsassuredly(在等级制度的最底层肯定是那些医科学生)。

4.原文句意是:但在现实世界中,要爬上指挥链可能极其困难。根据文章语境,inrealworld(在现实世界中)指的就是在医院环境中,而thechainofcommand(指挥链)的对象指的则是位于底层的医学生;故该句子可以改写为Butinrealhospitalenvironment,itisratherdifficultformedicalstudentstogiveacommand(但在现实的医院环境中,医学生想要得到指挥权是相当困难的)。

5.原文句意是:学生和住院医师现在被要求在轮班结束时对他们的指导医生提供常规的正面和负面反馈。routine(常规的)可以改为regular(定期的,普通的);positiveandnegative在原文中是作为插入语使用,所以可以改为positivelyandnegatively;故该句可改写为Medicalstudentsandresidentsshouldmakeregularfeedbackabouttheirsupervisingphysicians,positivelyandnegativelyattheendoftheirrotation(医学生和住院医师应该在轮岗结束时,定期对他们的指导医生做出正面和负面反馈)。

20.单选题

He(

)outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

问题1选项

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。provoke“激起,挑衅”;evoke“引起,唤起,博得”;revoke“撤回,取消,废除”;invoke“调用,换气”。句意:他称那个电视节目为“会说话的壁纸”激起了愤怒。选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

Theascenttothemountainis()butanyonewhomakesittothetopisrewardedbyaspectacularview.

问题1选项

A.helpful

B.assiduous

C.arduous

D.unique

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。helpful“有帮助的”;assiduous“刻苦的,勤勉的”;arduous“努力的,费力的”;unique“特别的”。句意:登到山顶是艰苦的,但任何成功登顶的人都会欣赏到壮观的景色。选项C符合题意。

22.单选题

Lindawas_______theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

问题1选项

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查过去将来完成时。betodo表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事,其完成时的形式为be+to+have+done。根据was与changed可知动作发生在过去,“start”这个动作发生在“changed”的之前,故用过去将来完成时,因此选B。句意:琳达本打算一个月前开始做这个实验,但她在最后一刻改变了主意。

23.单选题

Withglobalizationthelatestfashioninpoliticsandeconomics,itwasinconceivablethatculturewouldescapeitsall-pervasiveinfluence.TheLivingWebsterEncyclopedicDictionarydefinescultureastheacquiredabilityofanindividualorpeopletorecognizeandappreciategenerally-acceptedaestheticandintellectualexcellence.Thisallowsampleroomforthedominantwesterncivilizationtoimposeitsvalue-system,especiallywhentheabilitytorecognizegenerally-acceptedestheticandintellectualexcellenceisacquired.

Globalizationmeansnotmerelyconformitybutalsouniformitytothedominant,primarilyAmericanculture.Thisappliesasmuchtofoodasitdoestomusicandclothes.PeoplearoundtheworldareexpectedtoeatfatMcDonaldhamburgers,drinkPepsiorCoke,wearLevijeansanddancetoMichaelJacksonmusic.AmajorroleinthisglobalizationcampaignisplayedbytheEnglishlanguage.FranceandGermanytriedtopromotetheirlanguagesbuthavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.TheAmericandollar,whichhasbecometheglobalcurrency,isalsoanimportantfacilitator.

Cultureisnotvalue-free.Itbringswithitsuchotherbeliefsasfeministrhetoric(言舌辛),concernaboutenvironmentalissues,drugs,andtherighttohaveanabortionandtohavechildrenoutofmarriage.Selectiveconcernfornarrowly-definedhumanrightsanddemocracyaresomeofitsotherpetprojects.Advocatesofglobalculturearguethatitwillhelpcreateamorepeacefulworld.Thisistheflipsideoftheglobaleconomyargumentwhichissupposedtobringprosperitytoallhumanbeings.Allavailableevidencepointsintheoppositedirection.Economicglobalizationhasmeantthattherichhavebecomericherandthepoorpoorer.Whyshouldauniformglobalcultureleadtopeaceworldwidewhentherearesomanycompetinginterestsclamoringforsupport?GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness.ItwasOscarWildewhohadsaidthatAmericaisacountrythathasgonefrombrutalitytodegenerationwithoutthestageofcivilization.

Likeeconomicsandpolitics,cultureisalsopeddledthroughanumberofmechanisms.InadditiontoHollywoodandCNN,anumberofgroupsinnon-westernsocietiesareavailabletopushthedominantAmericanculturedownthethroatsofotherpeoples.Often,itisdifficulttoresistsuchoutpouring.Sincecultureisnotseparatefrompoliticalandeconomicconsiderations,politicalandbusinesseliteshavebecomeitspurveyors(承办商).Forinstance,non-westernbusinessmenhaveatendencytoacquirewesternculturalhabitstobeabletorubshoulderswiththeirwesterncounterparts.Itisnosecretthattherichinpoorcountrieshavemoreincommonwiththerichinrichcountriesthantheyhavewiththepoorintheirowncountries.

1.Weknowfromthefirstpassagethat().

2.Whichofthefollowinggivesthechiefimpetustoglobalization?

3.Theauthorendsthethirdpassagewithimplicationthat().

4.AllthefollowingareaidingtheAmericanculturetosweeptheworldEXCEPT().

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward“globalculturewillhelptocreateamorepeacefulworld”?

问题1选项

A.globalizationwillhaveanimpactonculture

B.cultureandGlobalizationhavenorelations

C.culturewillfacilitateglobalization

D.culturewillavoidtheinfluenceofglobalization

问题2选项

A.English

B.Germany

C.France

D.Dollars

问题3选项

A.Americanculturewillultimatelyreplacetheothercultures

B.thedominantwesterncultureshouldn’treplacehumandiversity

C.Americandemocracyappliestoallthecountries

D.Globalculturalwillmakeapeacefulword

问题4选项

A.FrenchandGermanpeople

B.somegroupsisnon-westernsocieties

C.non-westernpoliticalandbusinesselites

D.HollywoodandCNN

问题5选项

A.Sentimental

B.Disappointed

C.Negative

D.Positive

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“我们能从第一段得到什么信息?”文章第一段第一句话提到“随着全球化成为政治和经济领域的最新潮流,很难想象文化会逃脱其无处不在的影响”(Withglobalizationthelatestfashioninpoliticsandeconomics,itwasinconceivablethatculturewouldescapeitsall-pervasiveinfluence),由此可知文化也受全球化的影响,因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项对全球化有促进作用?”文章第二段倒数第三句话提到“在这场全球化运动中,英语发挥了重要作用”(AmajorroleinthisglobalizationcampaignisplayedbytheEnglishlanguage),因此选项A符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者在第三段结尾暗示了什么?”第三段结尾提到“全球化意味着人类的多样性将被美国的赤裸和粗鄙的文化潮流所席卷。奥斯卡•王尔德曾说美国是一个没有经历过文明阶段而从残忍过渡到堕落的国家”(GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness.ItwasOscarWildewhohadsaidthatAmericaisacountrythathasgonefrombrutalitytodegenerationwithoutthestageofcivilization),由此可知作者暗示“占统治地位的西方文化不应该取代人类的多样性”,选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“下面哪项不是美国文化席卷全球的促进因素?”文章第二段倒数第二句话提到“法国和德国试图推销他们的语言但是失败了”(FranceandGermanytriedtopromotetheirlanguagesbuthavebeenlargelyunsuccessful),由此可知这两个国家是没有帮助美国文化席卷全球的,他们致力于推广自己的文化,因此选项A符合题意。

5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对‘全球文化将创造出一个更和平的世界’这句话的态度是什么?”文章第三段提到“当有很多相互竞争的利益要求支持时,为什么统一的全球文化应该带来和平?全球文化意味着人类的多样性将被美国赤裸和粗鄙的文化潮流所席卷”(Whyshouldauniformglobalcultureleadtopeaceworldwidewhentherearesomanycompetinginterestsclamoringforsupport?GlobalculturemeansthathumandiversitywillbesweptbythetideofAmerica'scultureofnakednessandgrossness),由此可知,作者对“全球文化将创造出一个更和平的世界”这句话是持否定态度的,因此选项C符合题意。

24.写作题

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonInformationExplosion.Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow:

1.Currentsituationofinformationexplosion;

2.Advantagesofinformationexplosion;

3.Disadvantagesofinformationexplosion;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】InformationExplosion

Itisknowntoallthatoursisaninformationera,inwhichinformationisavailablethroughmanychannels,suchasbooks,newspapers,magazines,radioandTVstationsandtheInternet.Therapidincreaseintheamountofpublishedinformationandtheeffectsofthisabundanceofdataareknownasinformationexplosion.Toomuchinformationhasinevitablybecomeaheavyburdentosomepeople’sspirituallifebecausetheydonotknowwhatinformationtoturnto.

Thereisnodoubtthatinformationexplosionhasitsadvantages.Asmentionedearlier,wecangetinformationthroughmanychannels.Forexample,ifwewanttocollectinformationconcerningawell-knownproduct,wecandosobyreadingnewspapers,magazines,watchingTVorsurfingtheInternet.Thegreatestadvantageofinformationexplosionliesintheconvenienceithasofferedus.

However,informationexplosionhasitsdisadvantages.Forinstance,newspapers,magazines,radioandTVstations,andtheInternetareabletoprovideuswithaseaofinformation,facedwithwhichwehavegreatdifficultyinselectinginformationsuitableforus.

Onthebasisoftheaboveanalysis,itcanbeconcludedthatinformationexplosionisamixedblessing.Asfarasweareconcerned,wemustnotbenervousinthefaceofinformationexplosion.Whatreallycountsistolearntofiltertheinformationwehavegot.Inotherwords,wemustlearntodistinguishtrueinformationfromfalseinformation,differentiateusefulinformationfromharmfulinformation.

25.单选题

ActressAmandaByneswasconvictedof()drivinginApril2012whenshecrashedintoanL.A.Countysheriffsdeputy'scruiser.

问题1选项

A.legitimate

B.juvenile

C.reckless

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项legitimate表示“合法的,正当的”;B选项juvenile表示“青少年的,幼稚的”;C选项reckless表示“鲁莽的,不顾后果的”;D选项redundant表示“多余的,过剩的,失业的”。beconvictedof…表示“被宣判有罪”,由句意可知这位女演员因为非法驾驶而被判有罪,因此只有C选项词义最符合句意。故本题正确答案为C选项。

26.单选题

Itistimewe(

)inbed.

问题1选项

A.shouldbe

B.were

C.willbe

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。itistime后面接虚拟语气,有两种表达方式,一种是should+动词原形,另一种是用过去式表将来时,所以答案A,B都可。

27.单选题

Thecarmanufacturerhaslaid______

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