考研考博-英语-景德镇陶瓷职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-景德镇陶瓷职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

问题1选项

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。takeoffenceatsth.,意为“对某事生气”。选项B符合句意。

2.不定项选择题

Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases,scientistsreportedyesterday.

Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting,areeasiertomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells-thehighlyversatilecellsthatcomefromdestroyedhumanembryosandareatthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebatethatwillresumethisweek.

Moreover,becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejectediftheyareusedtotreatbirthdefectsinthatnewborn,researcherssaid.Alternatively,thecellscouldbefrozen,providingapersonalizedtissuebankforuselaterinlife.

Thenewcellsareaddingcredencetoanemergingconsensusamongexpertsthatthepopulardistinctionbetweenembryonicand“adult”stemcells-thoseisolatedfromadultbonemarrowandotherorgans-isartificial.

Increasingly,itappearsthereisacontinuumofstemcelltypes,rangingfromtheembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame,uptoadultonesthatcanturnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol.

Thenewlyanalyzedfetalstemcells,scientistssaid,havemanyoftheadvantagesofboth.

“Theygrowfast,asfastasembryonicstemcells,andtheyshowgreatpluripotentiality,”meaningtheycanbecomemanykindsoftissues,saidstudyleaderAnthonyAtala,directoroftheInstituteforRegenerativeMedicineatWakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicineinWinston-Salem,N.C.“Buttheyremainstableforyearswithoutformingtumors,”headded,somethingthatembryoniccellsarenotverygoodat.

Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.

“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”

GeorgeDaley,aHarvardstemcellresearcher,echoedthatsentiment.“Theyarenotareplacementforembryonicstemcells,”hesaid.

Butinthepast,evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialsimilartoembryoniconeshavecomplicatedthepoliticalpushtoexpandfederalfundingforthecontroversialfield.Andaccordingly,opponentsquicklypouncedonthenewresults.

65.（）isnotatraitofembryonicstemcells.

66.Thecellsthatareshedbythedevelopingfetusare（）.

67.Tissuesgrownfromthesecellsinthelaboratorywillnotberejectedastheyare（）.

68.Embryonicstemcellscan（）.

69.RobertLanzasaid“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall.”Hemeant（）.

70.Theword“retrieved”inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

问题1选项

A.Growingintobraintissues

B.Usingembryonicstemcellstotreatavarietyofdiseases

C.Causingavarietyofdiseases

D.Growingintomuscletissues

问题2选项

A.atthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebate

B.moredifficulttomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells

C.difficulttoretrieveduringroutineprenataltesting

D.easilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting

问题3选项

A.freeofbirthdefects

B.easiertocultivate

C.ageneticmatchtothedonor

D.canbefrozenforusebyanyoneinneed

问题4选项

A.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesandaredifficulttotame

B.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol

C.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissueandarerelativelyeasytocontrol

D.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame

问题5选项

A.hedoesnotbelievethesecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant

B.heknowspeoplehavedifferentsizefeet

C.hewillstillneedtoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalcondition

D.evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialhascomplicatedthings

问题6选项

A.takenoutfortesting

B.collectedforotheruses

C.sampledfortesting

D.usedfortesting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

【解析】65.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一、二句Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases.（一种可以在孕妇羊水中自由漂浮的细胞被发现与胚胎干细胞有许多相同的特征，包括能够生长成大脑、肌肉和其他组织，用于治疗各种疾病），选项C“引起各种疾病”，文章没有提到此内容，C选项正确。A选项“在脑组织中生长”，文章提到，这种细胞可以生长大脑，A选项可排除。B“利用胚胎干细胞治疗多种疾病”，文章提到，这种细胞可以治疗各种疾病，B选项可排除。D选项“长成肌肉组织”，文章提到，这种细胞，可以长成肌肉组织，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

66.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting（这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落，在常规的产前检查中很容易得到），D选项“在常规产前检查中很容易找回”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“处于激烈的国会辩论的中心”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“比胚胎干细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存”，文章没有提到这些细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存，B选项可排除。C选项“很难在常规产前检查中恢复”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

67.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第三段第一句becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejected（因为这些细胞在基因上与发育中的胎儿相匹配，所以在实验室中从它们生长出来的组织不会被排斥），可推测，这些细胞在基因上与发育的胎儿相匹配，C选项“和捐赠者的基因匹配”正确。其余选项，A选项“无出生缺陷”，B选项“更容易培养”和D选项“可以冷冻起来供有需要的人使用”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。

68.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第五段第三句theembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame（胚胎细胞几乎可以变成任何一种组织，但很难驯服），可以推断出D选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织，但很难驯服”正确。A选项“变成数量有限的组织，很难驯服”，文章没有提到会变成数量有限的组织，A选项可排除。B选项“转化成数量有限的组织，但相对容易控制”，说法错误，可排除。C选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织并且相对容易控制”，文章中没有提到细胞容易控制，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。

69.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.（Atala和其他科学家强调，他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要）和“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza（罗伯特•兰扎(RobertLanza)表示：“没有一双鞋是适合所有人的”），可知RobertLanza，Atalaandotherscientists的观点是一致的，他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的，会代替胚胎干细胞的所有功能，使之变得不相干。所以题干中的这句话实际上是在支撑前面的科学家的那句话theydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.（他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要），A选项“他不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要”，符合文章内容，A选项正确；B选项“他知道每个人的脚大小都不一样”并不是RobertLanza所暗示的含义；根据原文“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”（“没有一只鞋适合所有人”，RobertLanza说，他是麻省Worcester先进细胞技术的科学总监“我们将不得不确定哪些药物对哪些临床情况最为有用”）可知C选项“他还需要看看哪些药物对哪些临床情况最有用”在文章中有提及，但这句话是补充说明前文，表达他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的，而是要对症下药；D选项“即使暗示非胚胎细胞可能具有医疗潜力，也会使事情变得复杂”并不是RobertLanza的观点。因此A选项正确。

70.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干可以定位到第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting（这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落，在常规的产前检查中很容易得到）。这句话表达的是“在常规产前检查中容易取出这种细胞做检查”。A选项“拿出来测试”，符合文章内容。B选项“收集作其他用途”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“取样测试”，文章没有提到取样，可排除C选项。D选项“用于测试”，文章没有提到这种细胞用于测试，可排除。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

WithtrafficconstantlyontheincreaseinthestreetsofBeijing,themetroisthebestwaytogetaroundthecityduringrushhours，howeverthecrowdsinthemetrotrainsarenowalsoa

problem.

问题1选项

A.getaroundthecity

B.constantlyontheincrease

C.getaroundthecity

D.hours，however

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】句子连接错误。however后面加逗号。however在句子中表示"然而",表示转折时,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。

4.单选题

Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity.Theycalledit"protectingcivilizationfromthefacesofterror".Thecompany'ssharepriceskyrocketed,asdidthestocksofotherface-recognitioncompanies,andairportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials.

Astheresultsstarttocomein,however,theglossiswearingoff.Nomatterwhatyoumighthaveheardaboutface-recognitionsoftware,BigBrotherisnotsogoodasexpected.

Theconcernwasbasedlargelyonanindependentassessmentofface-recognitionsystemscarriedoutin2000intheU.S.bytheDepartmentofDefense.Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms.Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself.Resultsfromtherecentairporttrialswouldseemtojustifythatconcern.

Mostface-recognitionsystemsusesomekindofgeometrictechniquetotranslateapictureofafaceintoasetofnumbersthatcaptureitscharacteristics.Onceithasidentifiedtheseboundaries,thesoftwarecalculatestheirrelativesizesandpositionsandconvertsthisgeometryintowhatVisionicscallsa"faceprint".Feedthesoftwareaseriesofmugshotsandit’llcalculatetheirfaceprints.ThenitcanmonitorliveCCTVimagesforthefacesofknownsuspects.Whenitfindsamatch,itraisesanalarm.

Evenifthesystemdoesmanagetocaptureaface,theproblemsaren'tover.Thetroubleisthatasuspect'sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail.Togivethemselvesthebestchanceofpickingupsuspects,operatorscansetthesoftwaresothatitdoesn'thavetomakeanexactmatchbeforeitraisesthealarm.Butthere'sapricetopay:themorepotentialsuspectsyoupickup,themorefalsealarmsyouget.Youhavetogetthebalancejustright.

Despitethedisappointingtests,somepeopleinsistthatface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtoputterroristsoff.Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality.

1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat（）.

2.Thesecondparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.WhatisthefataldefeatofthesystemaccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofDefense?

4.Whatmakesitsohardfortheface-recognitionsystemstoworkeffectively?

5.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Visionicsproducedthebestface-recognitionsoftwareenhancingairportsecurity

B.Visionics'sstockroseinprice

C.theairportsweresatisfiedwiththesoftware

D.Visionics'ssoftwarewasagreatsuccess

问题2选项

A.thesurfaceofthesoftwareisnotenough

B.thereisaseriesofface-recognitionsoftwareproducts

C.thesoftwareturnsouttobeinefficient

D.thesoftwareisnotdurable

问题3选项

A.Toomanyfalsealarmswereraised.

B.Everyoneshouldlookstraightatthecamera.

C.Only90%ofsuspectsatanairportwerefound.

D.Everyoneshouldnotdisguisehimself.

问题4选项

A.Thecomputersarenotsoadvanced.

B.Thefaceprintsfedinthecomputersareneveridenticalwiththoseofrealpersons.

C.Itisveryhardfortheoperatorstolearntocontrolthesystem.

D.Peopleseldomlookstraightatthecamera.

问题5选项

A.anyway,theface-recognitiontechnologyisgoodenoughtofrightentheterrorists

B.theindustryshouldrecognizethesituationandimprovethetechnology.

C.alltheclaimsarepremature

D.wemustnotexpecttoomuch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。A:Visionics公司生产了最好的人脸识别软件来增强机场的安全性。B:Visionics的股票价格上涨。C:机场对软件很满意。D:Visionics的软件非常成功。第一句指出:Inthewakeof11September,Visionics,aleadingmanufacturer,issuedafactsheetexplaininghowitstechnologycouldenhanceairportsecurity(9月11日之后，领先的制造商Visionics发布了一份情况说明书，解释其技术如何增强机场安全)。但并不能证明A项跟D项正确。第三句说到:Thecompany’ssharepriceskyrocketed(公司股价飞涨)。因此B项正确。最后一句指出:airportsacrosstheglobebeganinstallingthesoftwareandrunningtrials(全球各地的机场开始安装该软件并进行测试)。但这并不能说明C项正确。因此答案为B。

第2题:判断推理题。第二段意思为:然而，伴随软件试用结果出现，该软件的光彩逐渐消逝，无论你或许对面部识别软件听说过什么，Visionics这家大公司的面部识别软件都不如宣传的那样好。因此C项“该软件结果是无效率的”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。题干问的是:根据美国国防部的说法，这个系统的致命缺点是什么?A:太多假警报被拉响。B:每个人都要直视镜头。C:只有90%的嫌疑犯在机场被发现。D:每个人都应该伪装自己。可定位至第三段。第二句指出:Thesetestsfoundthattocatch90percentofsuspectsatanairport,face-recognitionsoftwarewouldhavetoraiseahugenumberoffalsealarms(这些测试发现，要在机场抓获90%的嫌疑人，人脸识别软件必须发出大量虚假警报)。因此A项正确，C项不正确。第三句指出:Oneinthreepeoplewouldendupbeingdraggedoutofthelineandthat'sassumingeveryonelooksstraightatthecameraandmakesnoeffortstodisguisehimself(每三个人中就有一个被拖拉出候机的队伍，而这种比例是基于每个人都直视镜头且不做任何努力掩饰自己的情况)。由此可知B项跟D项只是文中提及的实验的条件，而非致命缺点。

第4题:判断推理题。第五段指出:Thetroubleisthatasuspect’sfaceprinttakenfromliveCCTVisunlikelytomatchtheoneinthedatabaseineverydetail(问题在于从现场监控提取的嫌疑犯的脸纹不可能与数据库里的每一个细节相匹配)。因此，使得人脸识别系统难以有效工作的原因是B项“电脑里的面纹从不与真人的面纹完全相同”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段最后一句指出:Afteralltheclaimsandcounter-claims,withnooneabletodiscernthetruth,theindustrymaysoonhavetofaceuptoreality(在所有的控诉和反控诉之后，尽管没有一个人能识别真相，但是该行业或许很快不得不面对现实)。由此可知B项“该行业应该认清现实，改善技术”正确。

5.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

问题2选项

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

问题3选项

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

问题4选项

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

问题5选项

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识……即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民意调查结果可知现在失业率很高，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中”说法不正确；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（随着交通的改善……最终，许多人的工作失去了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无法实现的（或几乎无法实现的）建议、愿望、计划等，由此可知A选项“为所有人创造就业机会是不可能的”符合题意。

6.翻译题

TheEnglishmanhasbeencalledapoliticalanimal,andhevalueswhatispoliticalandpracticalsomuchthatideaseasilybecomeobjectsofdislikeinhiseyes,andthinkers,miscreants,becausepracticeiseverything,afreeplayofthemindisnothing.Thenotionofthefreeplayofminduponallsubjectsbeingapleasureinitself,beinganobjectofdesire,beinganessentialproviderofelementswithoutwhichanation’sspirit,whatevercompensationsitmayhaveforthem,mustinthelongrun,dieofemptiness,hardlyentersintoanEnglishman’sthoughts.Itisnoticeablethatthewordcuriosity,whichinotherlanguagesisusedinagoodsense,tomean,asahighandfinequalityofman’snature,justthisdisinterestedloveofaplayofthemindonallsubjects,foritsownsake—itisnoticeable,Isay,thatthiswordhasinourlanguagenosenseofthekind,nosensebutaratherbadanddisparagingone.Butcriticism,realcriticism,isessentiallytheexerciseofthisveryquality.

Itobeysaninstinctpromptingittotrytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,irrespectivelyofpractice,politics,andeverythingofthekind;andtovalueknowledgeandthoughtastheyapproachthisbest,withouttheintrusionofanyotherconsiderationswhatsoever.Thisisaninstinctforwhichthereis,Ithink,littleoriginalsympathyinthepracticalEnglishnature,andwhattherewasofithasundergonealongbenumbingperiodofblightandsuppressionintheepochofRomanticism.

ItisofthelastimportancethatEnglishcriticismshouldclearlydiscernwhatruleofitscourse,inordertoavailitselfofthefieldnowopeningtoit,andtoproducefruitforthefuture,itoughttotake,whichmaybesummedupinoneword—disinterestedness.Andhowiscriticismtoshowdisinterestedness?Bykeepingalooffromwhatiscalled“thepracticalviewofthings”;byresolutelyfollowingthelawofitsownnature,whichistobeafreeplayofthemindonallsubjectsittouches.Bysteadilyrefusingtolenditselftoanyofthoseconcealed,political,practicalconsiderationsaboutideas,whichplentyofpeoplewillbesuretoattachtothem,butwhichcriticismhasnothingtodowith.Itsbusinessis,asIhavesaid,simplytoknowthebestthatisknownandthoughtintheworld,andbyinitsturnmakingthisknown,tocreateacurrentoftrueandfreshideas.Itsbusinessistodothiswithinflexiblehonesty,withdueability;butitsbusinessistodonomore.

【答案】对所有事物的自由思考本身就是一种乐趣,一种愿望,为民族精神提供了赖以生存的重要因素,不管其他什么样的补偿,一个国家的民族精神终究会由于空洞而消逝。但这种认识很难进入英国人的思想。

好奇心遵循一种本能,促使它不考虑实践、政治和所有类似的事物,汲取世界上知识和思想的精华;并且促使它在这个过程中不受任何其他考虑的侵扰,珍视知识和思想。

至关重要的是,英国的批评界若想利用向它敞开的领域,若想在将来有所收获,必须清楚应该为自己的发展道路选择什么样的原则。这种原则可以用“客观”一词加以概括。

7.单选题

Thehallwassupportedbysixthick（

）.

问题1选项

A.torches

B.posts

C.fringes

D.pillars

【答案】D

【解析】torch火炬；post标杆；fringe边缘，穗；pillars柱子。句意：大厅由六根粗大的柱子支撑。只有选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythingsthatpeopledoorsay.

问题1选项

A.offended

B.wounded

C.stimulated

D.motivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。offend"冒犯;进攻";wound"伤害,受伤";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞";motivate"承受,具有,支撑"。根据or可以推断填空处应与hurt意思相近。wound一般指外伤,伤口,不符合句意,所以选项A正确。句意：敏感的人很容易被别人的言行伤害或冒犯。

试题答案

A

9.单选题

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat（）.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）.

问题1选项

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

问题2选项

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

问题3选项

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

问题4选项

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

问题5选项

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”（我们在工作、家庭和社区的生活质量是否与我们生活中引入的所有新互联网和企业对企业的互联网服务成正比？……“不，完全相反。”）可知C选项“技术实际上导致了他们生活质量的下降”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本应解放我们的科技奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一个似乎无法轻易摆脱的联系网中）但并不是说网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我们的每一个空闲时间都充满了某种形式的商业联系，使时间本身成为所有资源中最稀缺的）可知选C。

4.推理判断题。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoas