考研考博-英语-山东女子学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东女子学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

It’s（）intheregulationthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.

问题1选项

A.laidupon

B.laidout

C.laidup

D.laiddown

【答案】D

【解析】词组辨析题。layupon随…而定,

把重点放在；layout展示,

安排；layup贮存,

搁置,

卧床不起；laydown放下,

制定,

铺设,

主张。句意：条例规定您只能携带20公斤的行李。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

His_____ingamblinghaseventuallybroughtabouthisruin.

问题1选项

A.indulgence

B.habit

C.action

D.engagement

【答案】A

【解析】indulgence嗜好，放纵，沉溺；habit习惯，嗜好；action行动，活动；engagement婚约，诺言。句意：沉溺于赌博最终导致了他的毁灭。indulgenceinsth.指放纵,任性（的习惯），选项A符合句意。

3.单选题

______Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tthinkthattheycannotbesolved.

问题1选项

A.While

B.Unless

C.As

D.Since

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词的用法。句意：尽管我承认有问题，但我不认为它们不可解决。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Thosewho（）trafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

问题1选项

A.rotate

B.violate

C.abuse

D.degrade

【答案】B

【解析】句意:违反交通法规的那些人应该受处罚。

考查动词辨析。rotate(使)旋转,转动;(工作)由…轮值;violate违反,违犯,违背(法律、协议等),侵犯(隐私等);abuse滥用,虐待;degrade贬低,使……丢脸,使……降级,使降解。因此B符合句意。

5.单选题

1.Lovehastoppledkings,inspiredpoets,sparkedwars,soothedbeasts,andchangedthecourseofhistory.Itiscreditedforlife'sgreatestjoys,blamedforthemostcrushingsorrows.Andofcourse,it"makestheworldgoaround."

2.Allofwhichisnosurprisetobiologists.Theyknowthatloveiscentraltohumanexistence.Wearenotjustprogrammedforreproduction.Thecapacityforlovingemotionsisalsowrittenintoourbiochemistry,essentialifchildrenaretogrowandtothrive.Andlove'sabsencecanbedevastating.Thelossofaspouseoftenhastensdeathinolderpeople.

3.Lovebeganwithmotherhood.Formammalianyoungtosurvive,mothersmustinvestconsiderabletimeandenergyinthem.Ofcourse,thevaryinggrowthratesofmammalianspeciesrequiresomemotherstoinvestmoretimeandenergythanothers.Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.

4.Withthehelpofoxytocin(achemicalthatfostersthebondbetweenmothersandchildren),dotingmothersareabletocatertotheiroffspring'severywhimandwhimper.Whenfemalesofmostmammalianspeciesgivebirth,theirbodiesarefloodedwithoxytocin,knownsince1906asahormonethatstimulatesuterinecontractionsandallowthebreaststo"letdown"milk.Butoxytocinalsoactsasaneurotransmitter,orchemicalmessenger,thatcanguidebehavior.Withoutit,aewecannotrecognizeherownlamb.Avirginfemaleratgivenashotofoxytocinwillnuzzleanotherfemale'spups,crouchingoverthemprotectivelyasiftheywereherown.

5.Studiesofasmallrodentknownastheprairievole,acuddlyballoffur,whosematingbondoflifelongmonogamywouldputmosthumancouplestoshame,indicateoxytocinmayalsoplayaroleintheheadyfeelingsassociatedwithromance."Youjustcan'timaginehowmuchtimetheseanimalsspendtogether.Prairievolesalwayswanttobewithsomebody,"saysCarter.Thevoles'undyingdevotionistheworknotonlyofoxytocinbutalsoofarelatedhormone,vasopressin.Whensinglemaleandfemaleprairievolesmeet;theycommenceatwo-day-longboutofsexthatreleasesoxytocininthefemale'sbrain,bondinghertothemale,whoprefershismate'scompanyaboveallothers,guardinghisfamilyagainstintruderswithajealoushusband'szeal.

6.Likesomehumanplayboys,maleprairievolesseemtogetakickoutofcourtshipmixedwithdanger.CarterandcolleagueCourtneyDeVriesmadeyoung,unmatedvolesswimforthreeminutesbeforeallowingthemtomeetaprospectivemate.Theexerciseelevatedtheanimals'stresshormones,whicharealsoheightenedbyfear.Butwhilefemalesscurriedoffaftertheswimwithoutbondingtothemalesastheynormallywould,malevolesbondedfasterthanever.

7.Humanbeings—unlikerodents—arenotentirelyslavestotheirhormones.Butthebehaviorofvolesmayholdcluestowhymenandwomensometimesholddivergentviewsofsexandromance.Whilemanywomenprefercandlelightandsweettalk,menaremoreapttowelcomearollinthehayanytime,anywhere.Forsomemen(andsomewomen),sexisespeciallyenticingwhenforbidden.CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.

8.Passionateorplatonic,loveaffectsthewholebody,settingtheheartpounding,makingthestomachdoflip-flops,andofcourse,lightingthelionsonfire.Thesevisceralsensationsaretheworkofthevagusnerve,whichtracesameanderingpaththroughthebody,coordinatingtheactivitiesofinternalorgans,saystheUniversityofMaryland'sStephenPorges.Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.

9.Withoutthevagus,saysPorges,lovewouldbeimpossible.Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.This"old"vagusrespondstooxytocinandservesasthepathwaybetweensexualorgansandthebrainforfeelingsofbotharousalandsatiationaftersex.ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.

10.Inotherwords,thepoetsandbardswerefightaboutonething.Theheartspeaksthelanguageoflove.AsEnglishpoetW.H.Audenwrote:"Whereloveisstrengthened,hoperestored,inheartsbychemicalaccord.Itmaynotliterallyskipabeatatthesightofone'sdesireorbreakwithsorrow,buttheheart'srhythmsareexquisitelytunedtolove."

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrompassageaboutelephantseals?

2.Thedifferentloveritualsemployedbymenandwomencouldbeattributedtothepresenceofwhichofthefollowing?

3.WhichofthefollowingcouldbethebestanalogytothevagusnervedescribedinParagraph8?

4.Animalsequippedonlywith"old"vaguscanNOTdowhichofthefollowing?

5.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Thefemalesareirresponsiblemothers.

B.Theiryoungtakelesstimetogrowupthanyoungelephants.

C.Theyhaveashorterlifespanthanelephants.

D.Theyreproducemorerapidlythanelephant.

问题2选项

A.Oxytocin.

B.Vasopressin.

C.Interactionofoxytocinandvasepressin.

D.Stresshormones.

问题3选项

A.Ahighwaybetweentwocites.

B.Airrouteslinkingmajorcitiesaroundtheworld.

C.TheWorldWideWeb.

D.CircuitslinkingtheCPUandtheaccessoriesinthecomputer.

问题4选项

A.Feelhungry.

B.Experiencefear.

C.Feelsexualarousal.

D.Faciallyexpressemotions.

问题5选项

A.indicatethatpoetsandbardsaremostcapableofexpressinglove

B.implythatloveisexpressedthroughtheheartratherthroughthefaceorthevoice

C.givesupporttothestatementthatnewerbranchesofvagusconnecttheemotionalbraincenterstotheheart,thefaceandthevocalequipment

D.drawaconclusionbasedonthefactsinthepreviousparagraph

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的elephantseals可定位到文章第三段中，由Anelephantsealsucklesherpupforonlyafewweeksbeforeabandoningit;otherspecies,includingelephants,someprimates,andespeciallypeople,lavishattentionontheiryoungforyears.（一只海象在抛弃它的幼仔之前只给它喂奶了几个星期；其他物种，包括大象、一些灵长类动物，特别是人类，多年来一直在关注他们的幼仔）可知B选项“海象的幼仔比小象花更少的时间长大”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第七段中的CarterandDeVriessuspectstresshormonescaninterferewithoxytocin'sactioninthebrain,keepingafemalevolefrombonding,andperhapspreventingmostwomenfromfindingdangersexuallyexciting.Vasopressin,incontrast,appearstoworkbetterinthepresenceofcertainstresshormones,possiblymakingdangeranaphrodisiacformanymales.（Carter和DeVries怀疑压力荷尔蒙会干扰大脑中的后叶催产素，阻止雌性田鼠与雄性结合，可能同样导致大多数女性认为危险并不具有性吸引力。相反，后叶加压素与压力荷尔蒙则产生不同的效果，可能促使多数男性认为危险具有性吸引力）可知压力荷尔蒙与不同的激素结合，在男性和女性身上会产生不同的效果，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。题干：以下哪项可能是第8段所述迷走神经的最佳类比？

由文章第八段中的Thevagusferriessignalsbetweenourinnardsandourbrains,conveyinginformationupwardaboutourinternalstateandsendingordersdownfromthebraintotheheart,thestomach,thelungs,andthesexorgans.（迷走神经在内脏和大脑之间传递信号，将身体内部状态向上传递给大脑，再将大脑指令传递给心脏、胃、肺以及性器官）可知D选项“连接CPU和计算机附件的电路”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第九段中的Onepartofthenerveisevolutionarilyancient,controllingprimitivefunctionssuchassex,hunger,andfear.（迷走神经的一部分从人类进化初期就出现，控制着性、饥饿和恐惧等原始功能）可知迷走神经不包括面部表情，因此选D。

5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句Inotherwords（换句话说）可知本段是对上一段的内容进行补充说明，由第九段最后一句ButPorgesarguesthatinmammals,newerbranchesofthevagusalsoconnectemotionalbraincenterswiththeheart,theface,andthevocalequipment,helpingtocoordinatefeelingswithfacialandverbalexpression.（但Porges认为，在哺乳动物中，迷走神经的新分支也连接大脑情感中心与心脏、脸部、发声器官、帮助协调感觉与面部和语言表达）可知C选项“支持一种说法，即迷走神经的新分支将大脑情感中心与心脏、面部和发声器官连接起来”符合题意。

6.单选题

Therobbersbrokeintothebank,（

）theclerkswithrevolversandforcedthemtogivemoneyjustastheywereabouttoknockoff.

问题1选项

A.shot

B.frightened

C.amused

D.menaced

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Shot“射击”；frightened“惊恐，使害怕”；amused“逗乐，使发笑”；menaced“威胁，恐吓”。句意：歹徒冲进银行，在银行职员打算按警报器的时候用枪威胁他们，强迫他们把钱拿出来。选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

WegotintoataxiwithJohntosendhimtothetrainstation,butwehadonlygoneabouthalfakilometerwhenwewereinvolvedinanaccident.

问题1选项

A.tosendhimto

B.wehadonlygone

C.when

D.wereinvolvedin

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】动词误用。send改为take。send的意思为“发送；派遣”。这里指“送他去火车站”。

8.单选题

Hedoesn’t（）muchinterestinhisstudieswiththeresultthathefailsinexamstimeandagain.

问题1选项

A.indicate

B.exert

C.manifest

D.express

【答案】D

【解析】expressaninterestin...为固定搭配，意为“对...表现出兴趣”。所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-Q,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-Q,inboxes1-10onyouranswersheet.

ResearchcarriedoutbyscientistsintheUnitedStateshasshownthattheproportionofpeopleover65sufferingfromthemostcommonage-relatedmedicalproblemsis（1）andthatthespeedofthischangeis（2）.Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeople（3）inlifethantheydidinthepast.Thisislargelyduetodevelopmentsin（4）butotherfactorssuchasimproved（5）mayalsobeplayingapart.Increasesinsomeother（6）maybeduetochangesinpersonalhabitsandto（7）.Theresearchestablishesalinkbetweenlevelsof（8）andlifeexpectancy.Italsoshowsthattherehasbeenaconsiderablereductioninthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoare（9）whichmeansthatthe（10）involvedinsupportingthissectionofthepopulationmaybelessthanpreviouslypredicted.

问题1选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题2选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题3选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题4选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题5选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题6选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题7选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题8选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题9选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

问题10选项

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:I

第3题:F

第4题:M

第5题:J

第6题:C

第7题:N

第8题:K

第9题:G

第10题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第二段第二句，“Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.”，研究人员分析了1994年收集的数据结果，称关节炎、高血压和血液循环问题是这个年龄段的主要疾病，每年困扰的比例越来越小。可判断出与老年有关的疾病越来越少，比例正在下降。选项B符合题意。

2.根据文章第二段第三句，“Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.”，数据证实，老年疾病的下降速度继续加快。可判断出这种变化的速度不断提高。选项I符合题意。

3.根据文章第一段第二句，“…revealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.”，与越来越少的人患上与老年相关的疾病，到很晚的时候才会发生这样的疾病。可判断出与年龄相关的疾病正困扰着越来越少的人，而且会出现得越来越晚。选项F符合题意。

4.根据文章第四段第一句，“Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.”，显然，某些疾病在“医学进步”面前正在退却。可判断出医学的进步导致了患病率的下降。信息M符合题意。

5.根据文章第四段第三句，“Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.”二十世纪上半叶儿童营养状况的改善，使今天的老年人比他们的前辈有了更好的开端。可判断出营养状况的改善是患病率下降的因素之一。选项J符合题意。

6.根据文章第五段第二句，“Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.”，一些癌症和支气管炎的增加可能反映了吸烟习惯的改变和空气质量的下降。可判断出由于一些习惯的改变可能会增加其他的一些疾病。选项C符合题意。

7.根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.”，曼顿认为习惯的改变可能是微妙的影响，但是60年来人们暴露在越发污染严重的环境中，对疾病造成影响。可判断出污染也是疾病率的影响因素之一。选项N符合题意。

8.根据文章第六段第一句，“OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.”，曼顿发现的一个有趣的相关性是：受教育程度高的人可能更长寿。可判断出疾病率还可能与教育程度相关。选项K符合题意。

9.根据文章第七段，“Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.”，残疾老年人的数量正在下降。可判断出这里提到的是有关于残疾的老年人数量下降的现象。选项G符合题意。

10.根据文章第七段最后一句，“AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.”，据曼顿表示，减缓老龄化趋势为美国政府的医疗保险系统节省了2000多亿美元，这表明美国人口老龄化带来的经济负担可能比预期的要轻。可判断出人口老龄化问题的解决可以减少对这部分人口的开支。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Intheletter,myfriendsaidthathewouldlovetohavemeasaguestinhis（）home.

问题1选项

A.humble

B.obscure

C.inferior

D.lower

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项humble“谦逊的，简陋的”，B项obscure“昏暗的，晦涩的”，C项inferior“自卑的，下等的”，D项lower“下方的，下级的”。根据关键词home（家，住宅）可知，空格处填入“简陋的”最合适。句意：在信中，我的朋友说他很愿意我在他简陋的家里做客。因此，该题A项正确。

11.单选题

（Presumably），thereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesnotusuallystayawayfromwork.

问题1选项

A.Maybe

B.Surprisingly

C.Therefore

D.Yet

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项Maybe“可能”；B选项Surprisingly“出乎意料地”；C选项Therefore“因此”；D选项Yet“但是”。句意：她缺席大概有充分的理由，因为她通常不会不上班的。划线部分Presumably是大概的意思。因此A选项正确。

12.翻译题

他这人喜怒无常，且好走极端。

【答案】Heismoodyandisinclinedtobeextreme.

13.单选题

Whatyouhavedoneis______thedoctor’sorders.

问题1选项

A.subjectto

B.opposite

C.resistantto

D.contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项subjectto“使服从，使遭受”，B项opposite“相反的，对面的”，C项resistantto“对……有抵抗力，耐……的”，D项contraryto“与……相反”。根据关键词doctor’sorders“医生的命令”和选项可知，空格处表示“违反，相反”符合句子意思。句意：你所做的与医生的命令是相反的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

14.单选题

BarackObamarevsupontheenvironmentbylettingstatessetcar-emissionsstandards.

问题1选项

A.landsup

B.botchesup

C.startsup

D.sharksup

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义短语辨析。A选项landup“到达终点；最终成为；使淤塞”；B选项botchup“搞坏；弄糟”；C选项startup“开始；发动；突然站起；突然出现”；D选项sharkup“敲诈”。句意：巴拉克•奥巴马（BarackObama）通过让各州设定汽车排放标准来加速环境保护。revup“使更活跃；使快转；加速”。与该词组意思最接近的是C选项，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Musclesmay（）orlosetheirtone,buttheywon’tturntofat.

问题1选项

A.concentrate

B.atrophy

C.condense

D.astrogate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项concentrate“集中；浓缩”；B选项atrophy“萎缩；虚脱”；C选项condense“使浓缩；使压缩”；D选项astrogate“操纵；航天”。句意：肌肉可能萎缩或失去弹性，但是它们不能变成脂肪。并列连词or连接空格处和“失去弹性”，因此此题选B。

16.单选题

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

问题2选项

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

问题3选项

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

问题4选项

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

问题5选项

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。

2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施,但是也服务。选项D包括,与原文encompass意思最相近。

3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“...,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors,lawyers,teachers,and