考研考博-英语-昆山杜克大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-昆山杜克大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.

问题1选项

A.shallknow

B.shouldn’tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：你应该知道不能吃完饭就去游泳。根据John在之前就know刚吃完饭不能游泳，对现在有影响，确定用现在完成时；结合语境，这里指本来就该知道，加上情态动词should后句意通顺，D选项shouldhaveknown符合题意。A选项shallknow中shall意思为“将要”，不符合题意。B选项shouldn’tknow不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Thepioneersoftheteachingofscienceimaginedthatitsintroductionintoeducationwouldmovetheconventionality,artificiality,andbackward-lookingnesswhichwerecharacteristicofclassicalstudies,buttheyweregravelydisappointed.So,too,intheirtimehadthehumanists)thoughtthatthestudyoftheclassicalauthorsintheoriginalwouldbanishatoncethedullpedantryandsuperstitionofmediaevalscholasticism.Theprofessionalschoolmasterwasamatchforbothofthem，andhasalmostmanagedtomaketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.

Thechiefclaimfortheuseofscienceineducationisthatitteachesachildsomethingabouttheactualuniverseinwhichheislivingin,makinghimacquaintedwiththeresultsofscientificdiscovery,andatthesametimeteacheshimhowtothinklogicallyandinductivelybystudyingscientificmethod.Acertainlimitedsuccesshasbeenreachedinthefirstoftheseaims,butpracticallynoneatallinthesecond.Thoseprivilegedmembersofthecommunitywhohavebeenthroughasecondaryorpublicschooleducationmaybeexpectedtoknowsomethingabouttheelementaryphysicsandchemistryofahundredyearsago,buttheyprobablyknowhardlymorethananybrightboycanpickupfromaninterestinwirelessorscientifichobbiesoutofschoolhours.

Astothelearningofscientificmethod,thewholethingispalpablyafarce.Actually,fortheconvenienceofteachersandtherequirementsoftheexaminationsystem,itisnecessarythatthepupilsnotonlydonotlearnscientificmethodbutlearnpreciselythereverse，thatis,tobelieveexactlywhattheyaretoldandtoreproduceitwhenasked,whetheritseemsnonsensetothemornot.Thewayinwhicheducatedpeoplerespondtosuchquackeriesasspiritualismorastrology,nottosaymoredangerousonessuchasracialtheoriesorcurrencymyths,showsthatfiftyyearsofeducationinthemethodofscienceinBritainorGermanyhasproducednovisibleeffectwhatever.Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience,and,untiltheeducationalorsocialsystemsarealteredtomakethispossible,thebestwecanexpectistheproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.

1.Theauthorimpliesthattheprofessionalschoolmaster”(line6)has（）.

2.Theauthorblamesallofthefollowingforthefailuretoimpartscientificmethodthroughthe（）.

3.Iftheauthorweretostudycurrenteducationinsciencetoseehowthingshavechangedsincehewrotethepiece,hewouldprobablybemostinterestedintheanswertowhichofthefollowingquestions?

4.Allofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextexcept（）.

问题1选项

A.nointerestinteachingscience

B.thwartedattemptstoenliveneducation

C.supportedthehumanists

D.beenapioneerinbothscienceandhumanities.

问题2选项

A.lackofinterestonthepartofstudents

B.poorteaching

C.examinationmethods

D.thesocialandeducationsystems

问题3选项

A.Dostudentsknowmoreabouttheworldaboutthem?

B.Dostudentsspendmoretimeinlaboratories?

C.Canstudentsapplytheirknowledgelogically?

D.Havetextbooksimproved?

问题4选项

A.atthetimeofwriting,notallchildrenreceivedasecondaryschooleducation

B.itisrelativelyeasytolearnscientificmethod

C.scienceteachinghasimpartedsomeknowledgeoffactstosomechildren

D.theauthorbelievesthatmanyteachersareauthoritarian

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“maketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.”这些专业的老师使化学反应的理解变得乏味，使阅读变得教条化，所以教育越来越没有活跃度。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，因为老师们图方便和考试制度，使学生们没有更好地学习科学方法，直到教育制度或者社会制度发生了变化才能使学生们对科学方法的学习成为可能。所以作者没有提及学生们的兴趣问题。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章内容，作者最关心的是学生们有没有接受到科学方法教育，最后一段可以看出，“theproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.”，一部分人能研究获得科学技术和方法，但是运用的人很少。由此可见，作者关心的学生能否用一些科学的方法获得知识。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience”，学习科学方法是漫长而痛苦的，并不是简单的，选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Theriverisalready（

）itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall;andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

问题1选项

A.parallelto

B.levelin

C.flaton

D.flushwith

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:由于降雨过多，河水己经（

）到河床，整座城市有可能受到洪水威胁。parallelto:与…平行;levelin:相等;flaton:平躺;flushwith:与…齐平。因此D项符合句意。

4.单选题

Studiesofveryyoungboysandgirlsshowonlythat,（

）boysmayhavealowertoleranceforfrustration,andatendencytowardsrough-and-tumbleplay,thesetendenciesaredwarfedbytheimportanceofmalesocializationandpeerpressureintogenderroles.

问题1选项

A.although

B.because

C.however

D.aslongas

【答案】A

【解析】考查逻辑关系。句意“研究表明，……男孩子可能对挫折的容忍度较低，还有打闹的，这些倾向被男性重要的社会性和性别角色的压力弱化了。主从句间应表示让步的关系，因此A选项符合题意。

5.翻译题

航天是当今世界最具挑战性和广泛带动性的高科技领域之一，航天活动深刻改变了人类对宇宙的认知，为人类社会进步提供了重要动力。当前，越来越多的国家，包括广大发展中国家将发展航天作为重要战略选择，世界航天活动呈现蓬勃发展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

6.单选题

“ShallItellAnnhowtoimproveherpainting?”

“Yes，but（）ofsuggestionsmaydiscourageher.”

问题1选项

A.alisttoolong

B.toolongalist

C.atoolonglist

D.alistoftoolong

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。因为空格后面紧跟的ofsuggestions“……的建议”，所以名词list要放在词组最后，即listofsuggestions，因此可以排除A，D选项。too+adj.作定语修饰名词，而放在名词前语序为：too+adj.+（限定词）+noun。或者将其放在名词后语序是：（限定词）+noun+too+adj，所以C选项的语序不对，可排除。句意：我要告诉安如何改进她的画吗？可以，但是太多的建议可能会让她气馁。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。potential“有潜力的”；prolific“多产的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些创作大量作品的作家那样多产。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Whydosomenewproductssucceed,bringingmillionsofdollarstoinnovatingcompanies,whileothersfail,oftenwithgreatlosses?Theanswerisnotsimple,andcertainlywecannotsaythat"good"productssucceedwhile"bad"productsfail.Manyproductsthatfunctionwellandseentomeetconsumerneedshavefallenbythewayside.

Sometimes,virtuallyidenticalproductsexistinthemarketatthesametimewithoneemergingasprofitablewhiletheotherfails.McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,yetBristol-MeyersenteredthelestmarketataboutthesametimewithNeotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.

Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.Anynewproductconceptionshouldbeaimedatmeetingacustomerneed,andtheintroductorypromotionshouldseektocommunicatethatneed-satisfyingqualityandmotivatethecustomertotrytheproduct.Often,attitudechangeisinvolved,and,intheextreme,changesinlife-stylemaybesought.

Herethecompanywalksatightrope,anewproductismorelikelytobesuccessfulifitrepresentsatrulynovelwayofsolvingacustomerproblembutthisverynewness,ifcarriedtoofar,mayaskthecustomertoteamnewbehaviorpatterns.Thecustomerwillmakethechangeiftheperceivedbenefitissufficientbutinertiaisstrongandcustomerswilloftennotgototheeffortthatisrequired.DuringthelatesixtiesandearlyseventiesBristol-Meyersmetwithnewproductfailuresthatexemplifybothoftheseproblems.In1967and1968thecompanyenteredthemarketwitha$5millionadvertisingcampaignforFacttoothpaste,andan$11millioncampaigntoprorateResolve,Bothproductsfailedquickly,notbecausetheydidn’tworkorbecausetherewasnoconsumerneedbutapparentlybecauseconsumersjustcouldseenoreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.

1.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphisaquestiontowhichtheansweris（）

.

2.WhatareTylenolandNeotrend?

3.Thesuccessorfailureofaproductseemstobedeterminedbyanumberoffactors,oneofwhichtheauthoremphasizesisthecustomer'sperceptionoftheproduct's（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays"thecompanywalksatightrope"(Sentence1,paragraph3)?

5.Bristol-MeyersfailedinpromotingFacttoothpasteandResolvebecause（）

.

问题1选项

A.thatthegoodproductssucceedwhilethebadfail

B.thatthe“good”arenotreallygoodbutthe“bad”areactuallybad

C.thatnewproductswillsucceediftheyfunctionwellandfailiftheydon’t

D.notgivenintheparagraph

问题2选项

A.Theyarenamesoftwodrugmanufacturers.

B.Theyareprobablytwonewbrandsofmedicinewhichserveasasubstituteforaspirin.

C.TylenolisadrugmanufacturerwhereasNeotrendisanewsubstitutemedicineforaspirin.

D.Theyareprobablythenamesofchemistswhoinventedthenewmedicine.

问题3选项

A.qualityandprice

B.usefulnessanddurability

C.need-satisfyingcapability

D.appearanceandinnerpacking

问题4选项

A.Thecompanyhasboththechancetosucceedandtofailindealinginanewproduct.

B.Thecompanyhastostudycustomer'sbehaviorbeforeanewproductisintroduced.

C.Thecompanyhastofindanewwaytosolvecustomer'sproblemsbeforeanewproductisputonthemarket.

D.Thecompanyhastomakeagreatefforttoovercomethecustomer'sinertia.

问题5选项

A.theseproductsweretooexpensiveascomparedwiththeirdirectcompetitors

B.bothproductsfailedtomeetthecustomer'sneeds

C.thecustomerscouldseenosenseofaradicalchangeoftheirhabits

D.thecompanyforgotanEnglishsaying:"Youcannotteachanolddognewtricks"

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的内容，问题是：为什么一些新产品成功了，为创新公司带来了数百万美元，而另一些却失败了，而且往往损失惨重？第一段的后半部分只是围绕这个问题进行了举例说明，并没有在本段给出答案，所以选D。

第2题:根据关键词定位到第一段的最后一句话“McNealLaboratoriesTylenolhasbecomesuccessfulasanaspirinsubstitute,...Neotrend,alsoasubstituteforaspirin,whichquicklyfailed.”Tylenol做为阿司匹林的替代品成功了，而Neotrend作为阿司匹林的替代品失败了。可见它们两个都是阿司匹林的替代品，选项B正确。

第3题:根据关键词“customer'sperception”定位到第二段的第一句“Thenatureoftheproductisafactorinitssuccessoffailure,buttheimportantpointistheconsumer'sperceptionoftheproductsneed-satisfyingcapability.”选项C正确。

第4题:根据第三段的第一句“Herethecompanywalksatightrope...newbehaviorpatterns.”在这种情况下，公司就像走钢丝一样，如果一种新产品代表了一种真正新颖的解决客户问题的方法，那么它就更有可能成功，如果不是，客户可能会寻求新的行为模式。说明公司应该努力克服客户方面的各种行为反映，不管是积极的还是不积极的。选项D符合原文。

第5题:根据关键词“Bristol-Meyers”定位到第三段，由最后一句话“Bothproductsfailedquickly,...noreasontoshiftfromanalreadysatisfactoryproducttoadifferentonethatpromisednonewbenefit.”可知，这两种产品很快就失败了，不是因为它们不起作用，也不是因为消费者没有需求，而是很明显，消费者找不到任何理由从一种已经令人满意的产品转向另一种不会带来任何好处的新产品。所以选项C符合原文。

9.单选题

Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

问题1选项

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项furious“生气的，狂怒的”；B选项generous“慷慨的”；C选项mysterious“神秘的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的”。

句意：别人不听，然后问些愚蠢的问题，这让我很生气。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

问题1选项

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

问题2选项

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

问题3选项

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

问题4选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。

4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。

11.单选题

Theaudiencewaitedin（

）silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnoteforthefigureshecouldnotremember.

问题1选项

A.respective

B.respect

C.respectful

D.respectable

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respective意为“分别的”；B选项respect意为“尊敬，敬重”动词；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“可敬的”。根据空格前后判断，根据“agedspeaker年老的演讲者”，可知C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”符合语境，句意为：当上了年纪的演讲者搜寻笔记寻找他不记得的数字的时候，观众们都充满敬意地默默等待。因此选项C正确。

12.单选题

Oneoftherecurrentfrustrationsandtragediesinthehistoryofthoughtiscausedbytheuncertainty______tosolveagivenproblembytraditionalmethodspreviouslyappliedtoproblemswhichseemtobeofthesamenature.

问题1选项

A.thatispossible

B.thatitispossible

C.whetheritispossible

D.aboutwhatispossible

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。uncertainty后面的句子正是作为同位语用来修饰这个先行词，而只有whether可以表示“不确定性”，因此C选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.

问题1选项

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.logical合乎情理的；合乎常理的B.haphazard无秩序的；无计划的

C.orderly整洁的；有秩序的D.tidy整洁的；整齐的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据主句的句意“很难找到做这项工作所需的零件”可知，the______waythestorewasorganized指的是商品摆放的方式杂乱无章，B项符合句意，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】因为商店摆放的方式杂乱无章，很难找到做这项工作所需的零件。

14.单选题

InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear.

AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingapparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.

ArevelationcamelastweekwhenIaskedher,“...Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No”,shereplied.“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”

Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneouslytoldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly,“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.

Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,Ihadtoacceptthefactthatwasco-optingmydaughter’sexperience.

Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?

3.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?

4.Theauthortookgreatpaintstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause（）.

5.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?

问题1选项

A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.

B.Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.

C.Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.

D.Alotofdistractionscompleteforchildren’stimenowadays.

问题2选项

A.Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.

B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.

C.Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.

D.Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.

问题3选项

A.Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.

B.Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.

C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.

D.Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.

问题4选项

A.shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance

B.shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch

C.shewastohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriter

D.shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting

问题5选项

A.Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.

B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.

C.Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein.

D.Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一句，“InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.”，在这个网络聊天、电子游戏和电视真人秀的时代，总有让孩子可以做的事情，并且这些活动不需要动脑。可判断出现在孩子们的时间完全被许多干扰因素占据了。选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.”，作为一名作家，我知道什么是成功，什么是失败。我知道努力写一篇文章却收到出版商的退稿单是什么感觉。我也知道我承受着巨大的压力，为的是不辜负过去的胜利带来的荣誉。可判断出作者的写作经历充满痛苦和挫折。选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”，她只是想把一个关于天使上一年级的故事讲给别人听。可判断出丽贝卡想参加写作比赛的原因在于她想和读者分享她的故事。选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.”，我告诉自己，我只是一个经验丰富的作家，引导着年轻的作家穿过大厅，为她的故事提供人物、冲突和结局方面的建议。可判断出作者帮助女儿改善故事的原因在于她相信自己有知识和经验可以提供指导。选项A符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一句，“AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.”，我也会提醒自己，孩子们需要实验的空间，需要成长的空间，需要拥有表达自我的声音。可判断出作者建议父母应该让孩子们通过自己的经历，自由成长。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Veryfewexpertshave（

）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld'seconomicproblems.

问题1选项

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。cometo想起；comearound苏醒，恢复知觉；cameupwith提出，想出；comeon开始，加油。句意：极少数的专家想出了对这个世界经济问题的新答案。只有C项能和with搭配，comeupwith提出，想出。答案C

16.不定项选择题

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago:spotswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbear-baiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattleeachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof'thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteenrounds.Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsoranyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis______.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis_______

.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis_______

.

问题1选项

A.notveryhigh

B.high

C.contemptuous

D.critical

问题2选项

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports

D.peopleareblood-thirstyinsports

问题3选项

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople

B.togiveanexample

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtoblood-thirsty

问题4选项

A.Three

B.Five

C.Six

D.Seven

问题5选项

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves

B.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wecanimprovelaw

C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem

D.toshowthelawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:观点态度题。第一步，精准定位，定位到关键句第一段第五句Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Humanbeingsremainasblood-thirstyasevertheywere.以及第二段第三句Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.（任何有关“体育精神”的说法都是彻头彻尾的伪善）。第二段最后一句Theyfeeldisappointedbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.（他们感到失望，因为他们被剥夺了目睹长期折磨和暴力的美妙乐趣），第二步，概括理解，从这里可以看出作者对现在人类的看法也觉得他们不高尚，不然不会有这么多人喜欢看这种暴力游戏，选A选项“不是很高尚”；

B选项“高尚”，属于反向干扰；

C选项“蔑视的”，定位到WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.（他们可能会轻蔑地谈论可怜的古罗马人，因为他们享受着在竞技场上进行的杀戮狂欢），这个是现代人对古罗马人的观点，不是作者对现代人的观点，属于张冠李戴；

D选项“批判的”，作者对人喜欢暴力这种行为是持批判态度的，不止包括现代人，D选项属于偷换概念。

第2题:主旨大意题。第一步，分析文章的行文结构，全文是分总结构，整篇文章围绕着人类喜欢暴力运动这种行为展开的，第一段引入现代人和古罗马人对比，指出现代人仍然喜欢暴力，第二段对第一段进行进一步补充，第三段作者希望人类能够放弃这种暴力喜好，文章中心句也是在最后一段倒数二三句Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.（如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动，我们将进一步改善人类。我们将认识到暴力是可耻的，不值得人类使用），由此可知答案选A选项“非法和危险的运动应该被法律禁止”；

B选项“人们愿意花大量的钱去看暴力”，定位到第二段倒数第四句Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.（观众愿意花大价钱看暴力），文章虽然有提及但是不是文章主旨，这里属于以偏概全；

C选项“比较对危险运动的两种不同态度”，全文没有对比两种态度属